clemency, in granting what is therein requested, so that the people of the land may not be turned to ashes. In times of difficulty is seen good government, victory is but a transient thing; in restraining the ruin that is before our eyes, we ought carefully to eradicate the cause of it for after ages! "In reference to all the circumstances, contained in this, whether the result of my conference with the high provincial officers, or of my own diligent investigation, I only hope that your sacred majesty will condescend to inquire regarding them, and I beg that your majesty will specially appoint a high officer to come here to ascertain their truth. Your slave has been actuated by a desire to save the country and the people from first to last, and not swayed by the smallest atom of fear, and still more he dare not make use of the least glossing or deception. So far as it regards his own person, it is | passion on the black-haired race, and unworthy of notice; but the consequences shower upon them an extra measure of touching the vital interests of the country and the lives of the people involved in it are vast, and extending to posterity! But alas! your slave has sinned in giving battle when he could not command destiny to give him the victory, and has no less sinned in being unable to settle matters in unison with your sacred majesty's wishes! both of these are crimes which affect his poor life; but what is there in this worthy of pity or consideration! Still your slave, though he has sinned in not being able to settle matters in unison with your sacred majesty's wishes, yet the territory and people of Canton still exist and look up to your most sacred majesty for his gracious support and protection, while your slave by having sinned in giving battle when fate denied him the victory, has soiled the glory of his master, and poured out the lives of his people, and still more left himself without a sensible plan to put in operation! Therefore it is, that after having duly consulted with the Tartar general of the garrison and his adjutants, the lieutenant governor, the literary chancellor, the judge and treasurer, the intendants of circuit, the chief magistrates of larger and lesser districts, and the exgovernors Lin Tsih-tseu and Tang Ting ching, &c., we have unanimously come to the conclusion, that our defences are not to be relied upon, and that in the tug of battle our troops will not stand their ground. Moreover, in regard to the troops which have been ordered by your majesty from the different provinces, time is still necessary for that object, nor can they all arrive at once, and the assembling of a large body of troops is not a thing that can be done quietly; the native traitors are sure to give timely notice of it, and the foreigners would in the first instance give loose to their madness and extravagance. Your slave is vexed to death thinking of these things, even till he loaths his food, and sleep has forsaken his eyelids; forasmuch he does not shrink from the heavy guilt he is incurring in taking all these facts, the result of his diligent inquiries, and annoying with them the ears of heaven's son, and at the same time he takes every thing connected with the foreigners and all the foreigners' letters, and hands them up for imperial inspection. He humbly hopes that the holy one will look down with pity and com "Inasmuch there this respectful memorial is forwarded at the rate of 600 le a day, humbly hoping that the Emperor's holy glance may be bestowed thereon. "A respectful inemorial." EMPEROR'S REPLY. On the 25th day of the first moon of the 21st year of Taoukwang, (16th February, 1841,) the following remarks written with the vermilion pencil were received in reply. "We can on no account calmly put up with the insults and befooling of these rebellious foreigners as you have done. Blinded and unwilling to see as you are, dare you still have the hardihood to turn your back on OUR commands; to continue receiving the foreigner's documents, and even to beg favors in their behalf! Such proceedings pass the bounds of reason! Impotent and worthless that you are, what sort of heart is contained within your breast! Not only do you contentedly take in their threats and insults, but you even dare to hold up certain passages with intent to frighten us!! But know that we have no coward fears! Besides this, we shall again announce our pleasure. RESPECT THIS." Six weeks after the date of this reply, the decree above-mentioned was issued by the Emperor, ordering Keshan to be put to death. THE CHRISTIANS OF JERUSALEM.Copy of an order addressed by the Sultan to his general of division, Mehemet Tayar Pasha, commanding the sandjacks of Je rusalem and Gaza, and to the Molla of Jerusalem, dated Constantinople, the 24th of June, 1841. "The law permitting the Christian population of Syria to profess their religion, and to attend to their other affairs, the favors and benefits which have been secured to them by the hattisheriffs, berats, and other imperial firmans granted them for this purpose by former Sultans, our august father and ourself, will be maintained for the future. When the members of the religious communities, or the superiors of their convents, shall have occasion to apply for justice, the judges and other authorities shall not charge them one farthing, nor cause them any injury, nor commit any act of oppression against them. If a fact of this nature should ever give rise to any dispute which cannot be decided on the spot, the matter shall be referred to our Sublime Porte to be judged equitably. Their religious establishments and churches shall enjoy, as hitherto, a full and entire protection. They shall not be molested, nor disturbed, nor injured. The benefits and the ancient exemptions granted specially to the churches and monasteries, are maintained. The religious members of the Greek nation, the Armenian Catholics, and Armenian schismatics, shall carefully abstain hereafter from renewing those disputes which have hitherto taken place between them respecting those churches and chapels protected by the abovementioned hattisheriffs, or imperial firmans; nor shall they calumniate each other. It will not be permitted to make any innovation on the rule followed to the present time in the oriental ritual, respecting the ranks and classes of the religious communities. The permission to repair churches and monasteries, which may be injured by the effect of weather, or destroyed by accidental fire, shall be demanded by the patriarchs of Constantinople and Jerusalem, and when the nec. essary firmans for repairing those edifices according to law, shall have been granted, the judges and other authorities of the country shall not demand nor receive for the permission any present nor bribe of any kind, except a moderate gratuity. The entrance to the church of the Camarua shall be forbidden to the soldiers guarding it, and they (the guard) shall pay due respect to the bishops of Jerusalem. "Such is our sovereign will. This imperial firman, published for this pur pose, and ornamented with our writing, is given to the Armenian Catholic nation, as it has already been given to the Greek nation, and schismatic Armenian church. You will be aware, therefore, General, and you, Molla, that our express will is that the hattisheriffs, berats, and other firmans, as well as the favors granted to the aforesaid nation, as before mentioned, shall be fully maintained and forever, and that no act contrary to it shall be permitted, and take care to act accordingly. Let our order be registered at Mecca, and remain in the hands of the aforesaid Armenian Catholic nation. Abstain carefully from acting in any manner contrary to its contents.' ATHENS, July 5. A new ministry has been established by King Otho, of Greece, consisting exclusively of native Greeks, at the head of which is Prince Mavrocordato. The composition of the Cabinet is as follows: Mavrocordato, President of the Council, and Minister of the Interior. Christides, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Metaxa, Minister of War. Valetas, of Public Instruction and Religious Affairs. Melas, of Justice. Kriesis, of Marine. The direction of the finances was to be intrusted ad interim to Tisamenos. The following circular, containing the programme of the new Greek Administration, has been addressed by M. Mavrocordato to the Governors of the Provinces: "The King has been pleased to intrust to me the direction of the internal affairs of the kingdom. Having accepted that important mission, I shall exert myself to meet the desires of His Majesty; but I rely upon your active and vigilant cooperation for the success of my endeavors. Depending, as I do, on your assistance, I will here expose to you on what conditions your cooperation may be useful, in order to attain the end which the Government of His Majesty proposes to itself. "It is of the highest importance, that impartiality should be the basis of all your administrative acts. The Governor, being the organ of the central government and of the law, must keep aloof from all the political opinions and parties into which the citizens may be divided. The Governor should make no distinction among the citizens, and ever bear in mind that his highest and general mission is to protect them all, and regard them as equal in his presence, as in that of the law which he represents. “It is indispensable that you should know that the Government of his Majesty, respecting individual opinions and sympathies, never seeks to penetrate either into the conscience or the hearts of the citizens, and that it does not extend its protection to any opinion or sympathy, so as to make it a direct or indirect cause of injustice or disobedience to the laws. Illegality must be repressed, always and everywhere, no matter to what class or opinion the guilty may belong. But in order that this desirable result may be complete, you must, gentlemen, be the first to set the example of respect for the law, which is the safeguard of property, of honor, and individual liberty, against which the Government will suffer, under no pretext, the slightest attempt to be directed. placed under your jurisdiction, for the Government will consider the governors personally responsible for all abuses which, either through negligence, or in. dividual sympathy, or culpable complicity, they neglected to prevent whilst they might have done so. 46 The authority, gentlemen, with which you are invested, is the most extensive amongst that possessed by the different public functionaries. For that reason you ought never to forget the assistance which you owe to the other authorities in the execution of their duty, and which should make you recollect that you ought to be the first to give the example of harmony amongst the authorities which the law has appointed to act in a special sphere, such as the administration of justice, or those belonging to the administrative service, and both of whom, like yourselves, form part of the same unity-the Government. I shall consider it a deplorable misfortune, should divisions be produced amongst the authorities in any province; for, inasmuch as the reciprocal respect and sincere accord of the authorities amongst themselves infuse strength into the Government, so do the dissensions and conflicts of authorities annul and paralyse its force. And, on the other hand, how can the Government succeed in calming the passions which may, from time to time, infect society, if the Government itself be composed of members divided and incessantly disputing amongst each other? The Hellenic Society, revived by the aid of Divine Providence, shows the existence of extreme misfortune, and is composed of interests and rights, which require assistance and protection, but you ought always to recollect, that the most sacred right of society is that of improving its position by the happiness of each of its members, and by the developement of all its moral and physical powers, and consequently all private interest should give way to the general good. It is your duty, therefore, gentlemen, to aid in the developement of a wise liberty by a constant and provident protection, as well as "You will act with the most rigid | by impartial justice towards all, which is severity towards those deputies, who, the finest attribute of every Governabusing their missions and the confidence ment. of the Government, make use of their authority to advance their personal interest, and convert the laws, which were made for the benefit of the people, to their prejudice. You should exercise a strict watch over all the public servants "The Government of His Majesty is particularly desirous to protect the free action of the institutions, which attribute to the citizens a share in the acts of the Government. In the execution of those laws, whether you are called upon to constitute the district or provincial authorities, elected by the people, or, after their installation, to exercise a control over them, I require, in the first instance, that your interference be pacific, conciliating, circumscribed within the limits of the law, and that in no case it should have for its object to influence the elections, it being the interest of the Government that the elections be the sincere and clear expression of the wishes of the electors. In the second instance, you should remember, that the welfare of the state depends on the good administration of the districts and provinces, and consequently you will use the power vested in you by the law to introduce order in the municipal administration, to grant your prompt coöperation every time the law requires it, and thus promote the intellectual and material developement of the state. "I think, gentlemen, it is superfluous to encourage you in the pursuit of your important labors by promises, for the activity and wisdom of governments are above measure rewarded by the gratitude of the governed, and by the satisfaction which governors feel in having performed their duty. But as it is, nevertheless, the duty of the Government to reward the capacity and patriotism of its officers, and as society gains by the service of honored magistrates, I shall apply for Royal favors for all those who shall dis tinguish themselves in the service of the Government. "MAVROCORDATO, "Minister of the Interior. BERLIN, July 5. The Prussian State Gazette gives an interesting statement respecting the population of the Prussian monarchy, which has had a progressive increase at every triennial census during the last fifteen years. At the close of 1840, the population of the eight prov inces was At the close of 1837, Increase in three years, 14,907,091 Average amount of bank 106,693,000 45,558,500 3,825,500 808,966 Messrs. Goschen, booksellers and publishers at Leipsic, having lately lodged a complaint against the Bibliographical Institute at Tilsburghausen, for publishing a spurious edition of Wieland's Observer, our Minister of the Interior and Police has ordered all the copies to be seized. This is done in conformity with the law of January 11, 1837, chiefly on the ground that the author has not been dead 30 years. This is the first case of any importance, and will not fail to have a salutary effect. PARIS, July 8. Bank of France. Debtor and creditor account of the position of the Bank on the 30th of June. 1841. Treasury account CREDITOR. Average amount of cash Average amount of com mercial bills discounted Advances on bullion, &c. Branch banks accounts current 226,856,500 117,115,500 19,615,000 16,958,000 225,011,500 00 1,018,826,000 1,205,939 95 1,031,961,000 120,343,174 79 48,857,392 44 2.803,500 00 Received in sundry cash 67,900,000 00 payments 594,287,000 in a state of forwardness, and will probably be ready for consecration about the close of the present year; and, in addition to these, the erection of two more has just been commenced. Four more churches will still be wanting before the ecclesiastical organization of this populous parish can be regarded as at all complete; and for the erection of those four two of the sites have been procured. The committee of this fund have already obtained the sum of 60,000l. towards the object, and believe that the total amount required, 75,000l. will yet be made up by other contributions. presented to the assembly an account of the trade, consumption, works, and revenues of the city of Paris, during the first six months of 1841. He stated that the export trade was daily acquiring a greater extension, and that its amount, in 1841, exceeded 70,000,000f., showing an increase of upwards of 11,000,000f, as compared with the corresponding period of 1840. The cessation of the crisis in the United States, and the entire reestablishment of the commercial relations of France with that part of America, mainly contributed, in the opinion of the Prefect, to this movement of the external trade of the capital; and, should it follow PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION. The late the same proportion during the second Parliament was prorogued by the Queen half of 1841, the export trade of Paris will in person, June 22. A great crowd of never have reached so high a degree of persons attended to hear the royal speech. prosperity. The revenues of the city On the following day, a proclamation apamounted to 15,185,800f., exceeding those peared, in conformity with the previous of the first six months of 1840 by 838,- expectation, dissolving the parliament, and 823f., which were principally made up of requiring writs to be given for a new parthe dues on liquors, fuel, and timber. liainent, which should be returnable on The consumption of butchers' meat had the 19th of August. The election began not materially varied in 1841, and the with vigor on the last day of June, and Prefect remarks, as a strange circum- in the space of four days half the memstance, that for several years, notwith-bers were chosen. In the next succeedstanding the increase in the population, the quantity of cattle killed for the consumption of Paris had not undergone any augmentation. M. Rambeauteau thinks that the change in the mode of taxation, consisting in the substitution of a tax per weight instead of per head, will not have the desired effect of reducing the price of meat, which he maintains is owing, not to the entrance of duties, but to the inadequacy in the production of cattle, which was general throughout France. The number of licensed retailers had increased by 15,000 during the last ten years. The Prefect then presented an expose of the works of public utility and the embellishments now in progress, and concluded by an account of the operations of the sinking fund, the investments in which amounted to 19,340,156f., the reimbursements to 13.668.500f, the former exhibiting a surplus of 6,671,656f. ing two weeks the residue of the members were returned. A result favorable to the conservative or tory party was expected by most men of both parties, but the liberal party in general expected to be defeated by their opponents by a small majority, in which case they anticipated an easier task in regaining the ascendancy against a small majority, with the responsibility of carrying on the government, and sustaining some unpopular measures, than in sustaining their power with the aid of but a small majority. The conservatives were sanguine in their expectations, but few anticipated so decisive a majority as the event awarded them. There was a general success in carrying a large portion of the elections which were strongly contested, in reducing the majorities where their opponents prevailed, and in superseding a large number of the late members. In some few instanLONDON, July 23. NEW CHURCHES ces, there were unexpected changes in NEAR LONDON, The 28th inst. is fixed favor of the liberal party, but much the by the Lord Bishop of the Diocese, for greater number of changes was in favor the consecration of St. Peter's Church, of the conservatives. According to the Bethnal Green. The first stone of this estimate of the Morning Chronicle, the Church was laid by the Lord Mayor on Reformers gained 38 seats, and the tories the 3d of August, 1840. The church will 78, making a net gain of 40 from the libaccommodate 1,100 persons, and is pro-eral to the tory side, making a difference vided with a parsonage-house and church yard. Of the ten churches proposed to be erected in this parish, three others are of 20 votes. The number of each class of members, returned by the respective parties in the new and old parliaments, |