dale, Ennerdale, and on the eastern side of Helvellyn. Often have I heard anglers speak of the grandeur of their appearance, as they hovered over Red Tarn, in one of the coves of this mountain. The bird frequently returns, but is always destroyed. Not long since, one visited Rydal lake, and remained some hours near its banks: the consternation which it occasioned among the different species of fowl, particularly the herons, was expressed by loud screams. The horse also is naturally afraid of the eagle.-W.

L. 10. The Roman Fort here alluded to, called by the country people Hardknot Castle, is most impressively situated half-way down the hill on the right of the road that descends from Hardknot into Eskdale. . . . The Druidical Circle is about half a mile to the left of the road ascending Stoneside from the vale of Duddon: the country people call it Sunken Church.-W.

P. 159. XVIII. SEATHWAITE CHAPEL, 1. 1. 'Sacred Religion! mother of form and fear' :-Daniel, Musophilus, 1. 295.

L. 12. A Pastor such as Chaucer's verse portrays :—Canterbury Tales, Prologue, 477-528.

L. 13. Such as the heaven-taught skill of Herbert drew:-In the Priest to the Temple.

L. 14. And tender Goldsmith crowned with deathless praise:-In The Deserted Village. The clergyman referred to in this sonnet was the Rev. Robert Walker, curate of Seathwaite from 1735 to 1802, when he died in his 93rd year. The memoir which Wordsworth appended to The River Duddon is one of the most interesting of Wordsworth's writings, and one of the most beautiful biographical sketches in the language. It will be found below, p. 539.

P. 161. XXIV. THE RESTING-PLACE, 1. 4. The 'vagrant reed' is of course the composition of these sonnets by the wandering poet. The last line of the sonnet is rather obscure. The 'wily mask' of Idless is apparently the pretence of meditation and necessary rest put forward to excuse the poet's siesta. The stealthy prospect' of the beauties outside his retreat will incite the poet to activity.

P. 163. XXVII. ll. 3-4. This embattled House' is supposed to be an almost obliterated ruin at the head of Holehouse Ghyll, near a farmhouse called the Old Hall. There is some difficulty about the identification; and it does not appear that Wordsworth was aiming at topographical accuracy, especially as he says in the Fenwick note that the subject of the sonnet was taken from a tradition belonging to Rydal Hall.' Moreover, this sonnet was first published, in the volume containing The Waggoner, in 1819, and was not included in the original series of Duddon sonnets.

P. 164. XXXI. 1. 7. Indian tree :-The banyan-tree.

P. 165. XXXIV. AFTER-THOUGHT, l. 14. We feel that we are greater than we know:-'And feel that I am happier than I know.'--Milton [Paradise Lost, vIII. 282]. The allusion to the Greek poet will be obvious to the classical reader.-W. Wordsworth refers to the lines of Moschus in the Epitaph of Bion on the contrast of human mortality with the yearly revival of the flowers. Bion. Epitaph. 103-108. Cp. Prof. Jebb's note contributed to Prof. Knight's ed., vol. vi. p. 264.

For the date of composition of this series of sonnets (1807-1820) see the note at the beginning of the series.

YARROW REVISITED, AND OTHER POEMS

P. 166. Composed (two excepted) during a tour in Scotland, and on the English Border, in the Autumn of 1831 :-This sub-title was carried on by Wordsworth from the first ed. of the series (1835), though No. xxiii., which originally appeared in the series of Sonnets composed or suggested during a tour in Scotland in the summer of 1833, was presumably not one of the two excepted' here. There is no direct evidence to show which the two exceptions are, though it is not unlikely that they are The Apology (No. xxvI.) and The Highland Broach (No. xv.), which were printed in the original ed., in this order, at the end of the series. P. 166. I. 1. 2. Winsome Marrow':-Cp. Yarrow Unvisited, above, p. 18.

P. 169. III. A PLACE OF BURIAL IN THE SOUTH OF SCOTLAND. On the banks of a small stream near the Wauchope that flows into the Esk near Langholme.—I. F.

P. 170. V. COMPOSED IN ROSLIN CHAPEL DURING A STORM. Cp. Miscellaneous Sonnets, Part 11. No. IV. vol. i. p. 447.

P. 171. VII. 1. 4. Target:-The small shield of the Highlander.

P. 172. VIII. COMPOSED IN THE GLEN OF LOCH ETIVE, 1. 14. It was mortifying to have frequent occasions to observe the bitter hatred of the lower orders of the Highlanders to their superiors; love of country seemed to have passed into its opposite. Emigration was the only relief looked to with hope.-I. F.

P. 173. XII. THE EARL OF BREADALBANE'S RUINED MANSION, AND FAMILY BURIAL-PLACE, NEAR KILLIN, 1. 2. 'Narrow house' :-Cp. Burns, Lament of Mary Queen of Scots, ll. 53-54:

And in the narrow house of death

Let winter round me rave.

The expression is common in Macpherson's Ossian.

P. 173. XIII. 'REST AND BE THANKFUL.' At the head of Glencroe:Glencroe is in Argyllshire, on the road from Loch Lomond to Inveraray by way of Arrochar and Glenkinglas. The road was made by General Wade immediately after the 1745 Rebellion. Cp. Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland.

P. 175. XV. THE HIGHLAND BROACH, 1. 35. Malvina, in Macpherson's Ossian, is the daughter of a chief named Toscar, betrothed to Oscar, Ossian's son, and, after Oscar's death, living with Ossian, and addressed by him as his audience and his inspiration. Cp. the Ossianic poems Ca-lodin, and Fingal, Duan iv.

P. 178. XIX. PICTURE OF DANIEL IN THE LIONS' DEN, AT HAMILTON PALACE. This picture, painted entirely by Rubens, belonged at one time to King Charles 1. It was bought of the Duke of Hamilton in 1882 by Mr. Becket Denison for 4900 guineas, and on his death was bought back by the Duke for 2000 guineas. This information was kindly given me by Mr. Hawse Turner, the keeper of the National Gallery.

P. 179. XXII. HART'S-HORN TREE, NEAR PENRITH. In the time of the first Robert de Clifford, in the year 1333 or 1334, Edward Baliol, king of Scotland, came into Westmoreland, and stayed some time with the said Robert at his castles of Appleby, Brougham, and Pendragon. And during that time they ran a stag by a single greyhound out of Whinfell Park to Redkirk, in Scotland, and back again to this place; where, being both spent, the stag leaped over the pales, but died on the other side; and the greyhound, attempting to leap, fell, and died on the contrary side. In memory of this fact the stag's horns were nailed upon a tree just by, and (the dog being named Hercules) this rhythm was made upon them:

Hercules kill'd Hart a greese,

And Hart a greese kill'd Hercules.

The tree to this day bears the name of Hart's-horn Tree. The horns in process of time were almost grown over by the growth of the tree, and another pair was put up in their place. -Nicholson's and Burns's History of Westmoreland and Cumberland. The tree has now disappeared, but I well remember its imposing appearance as it stood, in a decayed state, by the side of the high road leading from Penrith to Appleby. This whole neighbourhood abounds in interesting traditions and vestiges of antiquity, viz. Julian's Bower, Brougham and Penrith Castles, Penrith Beacon, and the curious remains in Penrith Churchyard, Arthur's Round Table, and, close by, Maybrough; the excavation called the Giant's Cave, on the banks of the Emont, Long Meg and her Daughters, near Eden, etc. etc.-W. 'Hart a greese' means a fat hart, in condition to be hunted.

P. 180. XXIII. FANCY AND TRADITION. 1833:- Originally No. xxxvi. of the Sonnets composed or suggested during a Tour in Scotland, in the

Summer of 1833. But as that series was first published in the same volume (1835) with Yarrow Revisited, etc., it is possible that it originally belonged to the latter and should be dated 1831.

P. 180. XXIV. COUNTESS' PILLAR. Introductory Note:-I have given Prof. Knight's corrected transcript of this inscription-Wordsworth's containing some, purely verbal, omissions and alterations.

P. 182. XXVI. APOLOGY, for the foregoing Poems, 1. 21. That sorrowstricken door :-The home of Sir Walter Scott. See Yarrow Revisited, and the sonnet following that poem, above, pp. 166, 169.

THE WHITE DOE OF RYLSTONE

OR, THE FATE OF THE NORTONS

The Poem of the White Doe of Rylstone is founded on a local tradition, and on the Ballad in Percy's Collection, entitled The Rising of the North. The tradition is as follows: About this time,' not long after the Dissolution, 'a White Doe,' say the aged people of the neighbourhood, long continued to make a weekly pilgrimage from Rylstone over the fells of Bolton, and was constantly found in the Abbey Churchyard during divine service; after the close of which she returned home as regularly as the rest of the congregation.-Dr. Whitaker's History of the Deanery of Craven.-Rylstone was the property and residence of the Nortons, distinguished in that ill-advised and unfortunate Insurrection; which led me to connect with this tradition the principal circumstances of their fate, as recorded in the Ballad.-W.

P. 183. ADVERTISEMENT. Much of the poem was composed at the time here stated, but Wordsworth was still at work on it not only in 1808, when it was shown, as complete, to Southey, Lamb, and Coleridge, but in 1810. It was first published in 1815, when the Dedication was written, and was very much revised for the edition of 1837. Wordsworth spoke of it as 'in conception, the highest work he had ever produced. The mere physical action was all unsuccessful; but the true action of the poem was spiritual-the subduing of the will, and all inferior fancies, to the perfect purifying and spiritualising of the intellectual nature.'Christopher Wordsworth's Memoirs of W. Wordsworth, vol. 1. p. 311. DEDICATION, 1. 23. Bliss with mortal Man may not abide':-The Færie Queene, bk. 1. canto viii, stanza 44.

P. 184, ll. 1-6. These six lines were taken from The Borderers (Act ш. Sc. v., ll. 1539-1544) and placed here, with the addition of the following lines, in the ed. of 1837, at which time The Borderers had not yet been published.

Quotation from Lord Bacon:-Essays: Of Atheism.

P. 185, l. 1. It is to be regretted that at the present day Bolton Abbey wants this ornament: but the Poem, according to the imagination of the Poet, is composed in Queen Elizabeth's time. Formerly,' says Dr. Whitaker, 'over the Transept was a tower. This is proved not only from the mention of bells at the Dissolution, when they could have had no other place, but from the pointed roof of the choir, which must have terminated westward, in some building of superior height to the ridge.'-W.

P. 189, 11. 209-210. Cp. lines 316 foll. The 'remembrances' are those of the incidents to be narrated in the following cantos.

P. 190, 1. 230. Cp. The Force of Prayer, above, p. 353.

P. 191, 1. 268. Shepherd-lord:-Cp. Song at the Feast of Brougham Castle, vol. 1. p. 343.

P. 196, footnote to 1. 515. It is in the Percy Collection, and was quoted in full by Wordsworth in a note to the original ed. of The White Doe (1815).

P. 198, 1. 595. Brancepeth Castle stands near the river Were, a few miles from the city of Durham. It formerly belonged to the Nevilles, Earls of Westmoreland. See Dr. Percy's account.-W.

P. 200, 1. 687. Towers of Saint Cuthbert :-Durham Cathedral.

L. 696. Raby Hall:-Raby Castle, about six miles N. E. of Barnard Castle, was founded in 1379 by John de Neville; it is described by Leland as the largest castle of logginges in all the north country.' Cp. Brabner's Comprehensive Gazetteer of England and Wales.

P. 203, 11. 814-815. At the Battle of the Standard, Aug. 22, 1138, Archbishop Thurstan of York repulsed the Scots who had invaded England under David 1. The Standard was composed of the 'saintly ensigns' of St. Cuthbert of Durham, St. Peter of York, St. John of Beverley, and St. Wilfred of Ripon.

L. 828. At the battle of Durham or Neville's Cross, Oct. 17, 1346, the Scots, led by their king, David Bruce, were defeated by the English under Henry Percy, Ralph Neville, and William de la Zouche, Archbishop of York.

P. 209, 1. 1069. Her duty is to stand and wait:-Cp. Milton, On his blindness, l. 14: 'They also serve who only stand and wait.' Wordsworth first italicised this line, and printed the words following in capitals, in 1820, no doubt by way of bringing out the motive of the whole poem.

P. 211, l. 1175. Pendle-hill or Pennygent:-Both hills of the same part of the country as Rylstone Fell.

P. 220. Motto to CANTO SEVENTH. From the Address to Kilchurn Castle, 11. 6-9 above, p. 13.

Ll. 1158-1159. After the attainder of Richard Norton, his estates were forfeited to the crown, where they remained till the 2nd or 3rd of James; they were then granted to Francis Earl of Cumberland.'-W. From Whitaker's History of the Deanery of Craven.