singular character of the glacial markings on Kelley's Island were referred to, as well as the discovery of new fossils in the coal measures. Dr. Newberry brought out some additional facts in regard to the properly named "terrible fish," Dinicthys, the nearly complete remains of which he has discovered, and which was the dominant fish of its period. It was more thoroughly armor plated than a modern iron clad ship of war, and quite as effectively provided with the means of destruction against its coinhabitants of those early seas. The relations, also, of this fish to other ganoids were traced. This brought out some sharp passages between Cope, of Philadelphia, and Wilder, of Cornell University, as well as a close rejoinder from Dr. Newberry. Cope, eminent as a comparative anatomist in the study of bones, and Wilder, a close student of the soft animal structures, including the nervous system, and especially the brain, were entirely at variance with regard to the division of ganoid fishes, the former claiming that no such division can be derived from the natural structure of their bones, and the latter, that the division of ganoids is thoroughly established through resemblances in their brains and other soft parts. No more interesting matters were presented than those discussed by Dr. Dawson, of Montreal. He has thoroughly wrought out the structure and the history of the Eözoön Canadense, that early and abundant fossil of the lowest stratified rocks; so that there is no longer any room for doubt as to its history, and very little obscurity as to its structure and functions. In other respects Dr. Dawson's recent discoveries, as narrated at Detroit, are valuable, while his objections to every phase of the special evolution theory are strongly and shrewdly urged. The most directly practical, in some respects, of all the matters presented at Detroit related to the predatory insects. Messrs. Riley, of St. Louis; Le Conte, of Philadelphia; Grote, of Buffalo, and others discussed matters in this relation that concern immediately the productiveness and the well being of the whole country. The various suggestions of Professor Riley were most important as to the Rocky Mountain locusts, which descend upon the fertile fields of Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, &c., and destroy every trace of the verdure which they can eat, leaving nothing of the crops and only the animals and the reserves of dry grain. He insists that these pests shall be attacked in their original breeding places; that their whole history shall be studied ont and the warfare upon them directed accordingly; that the destruction of the various harmless and useful animals that prey upon them, like the prairie hen and others, shall cease; and that in this country, as on the eastern continent, the military power shall be brought to deal with them, since a few regiments of soldiers would be well able to cope with them. He suggests to the farmers that the young locusts bred in their midst cannot pass a perpendicularly sided ditch with cross section two feet square; that poultry and pigs may be fattened on the locusts, and that these locusts are susceptible of being cooked and eaten by man as an agreeable and wholesome food. The locusts, he shows, cannot maintain themselves permanently in the regions which they devastate, but must come there from their original breeding places on the flanks of the mountains; neither can they ever pass eastward beyond the Mississippi. In chemistry, at this meeting, many interesting things were brought forward. One of the most notable was the exhibition of half a pound or more of coesium alum, by Professor J. L. Smith, of Louisville, extracted by him from lepidolite, or lithia mica. This alum is remarkably soluble in hot water and very slightly soluble in cold water. Professor Smith's exhibition of Clamond's thermo-electric pile, as an instrument requiring no acids and capable of furnishing, at an unobjectionable cost, a permanent force for electro-plating, &c., was another interesting dissertation. Kirkwood's discussions on the groupings of the asteroids and various abstract mathematical papers were brought out in this department of science. Ethnology and archæology received some interesting contributions from the searches in the western mounds, and especially from the long abandoned dwellings seen in our southwestern regions. The stone houses, found by hundreds, perched on the crests of the rocks in New Mexico, as reported by Professor Cope, whence perpendicular precipices descend on one side for a thousand feet or more, with a steep slope on the other of an equal descent, show a population which protected itself in this way from incursions of an otherwise overpowering enemy. These residences most likely were temporarily resorted to or else great physical changes have intervened, for no water supply is now to be found within many miles of this region. The study of insectivorous plants and of leaf structures, brought up at this meeting by Professor Beal, of the Michigan Agricultural College, and that of the flowering season of plants, by Professor James Hyatt, of New York, were the only botanical matters presented.—(American Artisan, September, 1875.) EDUCATION IN SUNDAY SCHOOLS AND MISSION SCHOOLS. 545 EDUCATION IN SUNDAY SCHOOLS AND MISSION SCHOOLS. SUNDAY SCHOOLS. The following statistics of Sunday schools in the United States were collected under the auspices of the international Sunday school convention held at Baltimore, Md., May 11, 12, 13, 1875. Thirty States, with at least one Territory, have so organized their Sunday school systems as to furnish reports to this association. The greater part of the statistics given, however, with reference to even these States, are only partly from direct reports, partly from estimates: *Report of East Tennessee Sunday School Association, with estimate added for the western portion of State. MISSION SCHOOLS. It was hoped that statistics on this point, kindred with those presented respecting Sunday schools, might be presented with this report. Efforts have been made to collect these, and some of the more important missionary societies have very kindly given the information sought. Others have failed to furnish it; and the statistics, although interesting, are hence too incomplete to warrant publication of them as a fair showing of educational missionary work abroad. |