APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the American people in favor of the nationalization of the entire "Nationalize the munitions industry and chances are good there'd be fewer wars to take the profits out of." Already there is a bill along this direction worthy of the reader's support pending in Congress. S. 2003, introduced by Senator BONE, ir. conjunction with Senators CLARK, NYE, POPE, and FRAZIER : "To provide for Government ownership and operation of shipbuilding facilities, and plants for the manufacture of Army and Navy ordnance and other war materials, and for other purposes." B. MACHINERY SUGGESTED FOR THE CONDUCT OF WAR 1. Setting up of a war council to unify and coordinate all industries and resources necessary to officially prosecute a war, and to contain the following features: (a) Composition. (1) The President. (2) Representatives of the United States Senate, appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. (3) Representatives of the House of Representatives, appointed by the President and approved by the House of Representatives. (4) The Cabinet. (5) Two representatives of labor unions, to wit, the president of the C. I. O. and the president of the A. F. of L. (6) A representative of industry, appointed by the President and approved by the United States Senate. (7) A representative of finance, appointed by the President and approved by the United States Senate. (8) Representative of the consumer, appointed by the President and approved by the United States Senate. (9) Representative of the farmer (not absentee farmer), appointed by the President and approved by the United States Senate. (b) Government. (1) The President, as chairman of this war council, to be governed by a majority vote of the council. (2) A two-thirds vote of each House of Congress required to override the council on any proposition. (c) Duration or term of office: (1) From the declaration of war to within 6 months after armistice declared. (d) Express guaranties. (1) Freedom of speech, radio, press, and assembly to be kept inviolate: There should be no censorship of the press or radio, directly or indirectly, whether by control of materials necessary to functioning or orders of priority, etc. It is important that there be the criticism necessary for the proper functioning of a free people. So long as the Government carried on the war for the purposes for which declared, it has nothing to fear from criticism. (2) No control of wages and the following rights are to be preserved: The right to strike, to bargain collectively, and to keep trade-unions intact. Labor has proved itself patriotic in every war in our history. There is no danger of its striking while its brothers are at the war front unless undue advantage is taken of it. Labor must have some weapon to protect its right to meet rising and fluctuating prices typical of wartimes, and to be able to have its unions continue after the war at least as strong as before the war. Labor unions are a bulwark of democracy and must be preserved to protect that democracy. It is no accident that where trade-unions flourish, there democracy thrives; and that where there are absolutist governments no real trade-unions exist. (3) An impartial military draft: No special privileges because of wealth, social standing, or political connections. Food and Drug Legislation EXTENSION OF REMARKS ОР HON. JERRY J. O'CONNELL OF MONTANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, June 16 (legislative day of Tuesday, June 14), 1938 AN EDITORIAL TELLS THE TRUTH ABOUT FOOD AND DRUG Mr. O'CONNELL of Montana. Mr. Speaker, under permission to extend my remarks, I include the following editorial taken from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of June 8, 1938, relating to the food and drug legislation pending before Congress at that time. 2913 [From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of June 8, 1938] DISPUTE OVER ALLEGED JOKER IN DRUG ACT IN CONFERENCE MAY CAUSE MEASURE TO FAIL ALLIANCE DISCLOSED BETWEEN PATENTMEDICINE INTERESTS, UNDER COVER, AND APPLE ASSOCIATION, FIGHTING PROVISION OF BILL (By Richard L. Stokes, a staff correspondent of the Post-Dispatch) WASHINGTON, June 8.-Owing to a deadlock among Senate and House conferees over the court-review provision of the 1938 pure food and drug bill, it appeared likely today that this measure may fail of passage during the present session of Congress. The controversial clause inserted by the House is denounced by spokesmen for the Department of Agriculture as a joker deɛigned by patent-medicine, cosmetics, and apple-shipping interests to paralyze enforcement of the statute. Secretary of Agriculture Wallace has asserted that if this section remains in the bill, "its effect will be to hamstring its administration so as to amount to a practical nullification of the substantial provisions of the bill," and added, "it is the Department's considered judgment that it would be better to continue the old law in effect than to enact the bill with this provision." The conference leader against the court-review clause is Senator ROYAL S. COPELAND (Democrat), New York, by profession a physi cian. His leading opponent is Representative CLARENCE F. LEA (Democrat), from the fruit-growing State of California. The House passed the bill Wednesday. During conferences held since then, LEA's attitude is decared to have been adamant, and COPELAND'S inflexible. TALK OF REPRISAL The conflict has aroused such public interest that representatives of 14 national organizations of women, in an appeal to Senator COPELAND, declared they would seek a Presidential veto unless the court-review section were eliminated. Plans also under discussion among the leaders of these organizations, it is said, are to contest LEA's reelection to Congress next November. He has served continuously since 1917 and was elected for nine consecutive terms as nominee of both the Democratic and Republican Parties. LEA is chairman of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, and as such reported out the House bill containing the objectionable section. According to the House bill, any person considering himself aggrieved or injured by a ruling of the Secretary of Agriculture as to alleged adulteration, misbranding, or false advertising of food, drugs, and cosmetics in foreign or interstate commerce may within 90 days appeal to a United States district court for an injunction. It is the contention of LEA's opponents that a single injunction issued by any one of the 82 district courts would be sufficient to tie up the administration of the law throughout the country on the particular item at issue. A minority of the Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, led by Congressman CARL E. MAPES (Republican), Michigan, declared it was not opposed to court review in principle and offered an amendment, voted down in the House, restricting the right of appeal to the circuit in which the aggrieved person resides or has his principal place of business or to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. Another provision of the House bill to which exception is taken is to the effect that if "a substantial portion" of the industry affected by an adverse ruling demands its amendment or repeal it would be mandatory on the Secretary of Agriculture to reopen the case. This dispute reflects a curious alliance between the patentmedicine interests and the International Apple Association, an organization of 24,000 shippers, with the former remaining under cover and the latter conducting the open campaign. The point of attack chosen was a regulation of the Department of Agriculture forbidding a higher tolerance than 0.018 of a grain of lead to a pound of fruit, deposited by sprays against insect pests. Because apple growers spray their orchards several times during a season and frequently use adhesives, such as albumin and oils, to prevent the poison from being washed away, the accumulation often rises above the permitted quantity of lead. The shippers are therefore put to the expense and trouble of washing the apples with a hydrochloric acid mixture on pain of having their consignments seized in transit by the Department of Agriculture. In replay, Congressman JERRY J. O'CONNELL (Democrat), Montana, flourished a photostat of the death certificate of Ralph Dodge, 12 years old, of Jefferson County, W. Va., who died after eating a dozen sprayed apples. An autopsy showed, O'CONNELL declared, that per kilo of sample the liver and other vital organs contained 6.3 mg of lead and 2.5 mg of arsenic. "This," the Montanan declared, "absolutely destroys the argument made here that there has never been a death from poisoning by spray residus." 2914 APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD CUMULATIVE POISONS The Department of Agriculture points out that lead and arsenic are cumulative poisons, the former being stored in the bones and the latter in the soft tissues, and that it is essential, in the case of lead particularly, to reduce the intake to a minimum. This poisonous metal, it is stated, is constantly absorbed by the body from many sources, such as motor-car exhausts, drinking water passing through lead pipes, toys colored with lead paint, tins the seams of which are soldered with lead, canned sardines cooked on lead grills, and even cocoa and chocolate in bags fastened with lead seals. The Department declares the apple shippers are short-sighted in view of the fact that in 1926 England declared an embargo on AmerIcan apples bearing an illegal residue of lead and arsenic, and that Massachusetts some years ago threw into Boston Harbor several carloads of fruit from Oregon and Washington that had been sprayed with a strong arsenic-lead preparation. Freight and Wages EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. WALTER F. GEORGE OF GEORGIA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Thursday, June 16 (legislative day of Tuesday, June 7), 1938 EDITORIAL FROM WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have inserted in the RECORD an editorial from the Washington Daily News of Tuesday, June 7, 1938, on Freight and Wages, in which it is very forcefully pointed out that if there is to be uniformity of wages in the United States there should be uniformity of freight rates, and that territorial freight rates should pass into the discard. I commend the editorial to all of my colleagues as an unanswerable, logical argument against discriminatory freight rates between territories within the United States or regions within the United States if there is to be, as this Congress has decided, uniformity of wages and hours throughout the United States. There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: If minimum wage standards are to be made national instead of regional, say southerners and westerners in Congress, then something should be done to make the freight-rate structure national instead of regional. For transportation costs as well as wage costs determine a manufacturer's ability to sell his products in competitive markets. The southerners and westerners, we think, have a good argument. And we are glad to note that their leaders in Congress have begun to place more emphasis on wiping out freight differentials and less on freezing wage differentials by law. The lawmakers of the South and West have made concessions to the point where the fight over the wage-hour bill no longer revolves around the proposal to fix a national base pay at 25 cents an hour for the first year. Nor does there seem to be much opposition to the compromise suggestion of graduating the minimum up to 30 cents an hour in 3 years. But above the 30-cent level-and on up to the ultimate goal of a 40-cent national minimum-spokesmen for the South and West insist that they must have wage differentials operating in their favor until the freight differentials which operate against them are wiped out. Nor can they be blamed for their stand. For it is a fact that existing freight rates not only act as a barrier to the movement of southern and western products into the large markets of the North and East, but also give some northern and eastern competitors an advantage in tapping the markets of the South and West. Our freight structures are regional, but they give no protection to the high-freight regions. For instance, the cost of shipping from a point in the North and East region to a market center in the South is less than the cost of shipping an equal diatance from a southern manufacturing point to the same southern market center. A general overhauling of freight rates to wipe out inequalities and establish a national system of fixing transportation costs has long been overdue. It is something on which Congress and the Interstate Commerce Commission will have to do much work before we can ever hope to fix a minimum wage standard above the bare subsistence levels. That can't be done overnight, but it must be done. For to attain a national standard of living, we must have a transportation system which permits a national distribution of goods. Unjust Discrimination EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. MORRIS SHEPPARD OF TEXAS IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Thursday, June 16 (legislative day of Tuesday, June 7), 1938 EDITORIAL FROM WASHINGTON EVENING STAR Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, I present for publication in the RECORD an editorial from the Washington Evening Star of June 10, 1938, entitled "Unjust Discrimination." There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: Legislation is pending in the Senate designed to correct one of the great injustices of the war, as the result of which a relatively small group of officers have found themselves barred from all compensatory and retirement legislation granted to others with whom they served under identical conditions. These officers, mostly from colleges and schools throughout the country, shoved their books and studies aside when the call to arms sounded and went off to the training camps in order to be among the first to get overseas. As a means of fulfilling this desire they were ready to accept anything that would hasten their transfer to the theater of war and many of them accepted commissions in the regular services under the designation of probationary, provisional, and temporary officers, with no thought of making the military or naval service a career. After the war they, like the others, returned to civil life and many of them went back to schools and colleges to complete their courses. When the bonus was granted to all qualified veterans they held that this group, being in the Regular Establishment, was not entitled to the bonus and other benefits. By a splitting of technical and legal hairs the provisional officers have been denied all recognition, although they performed the same duties and fought under the same conditions as other officers who entered the war and served under some other designation. Congress in previous sessions has recognized this discrimination and has passed legislation to correct it, but the President of the United States has rejected the legislation both times, and on no stronger premise than precedent. The President held that he would not approve bonus or other benefits to these veterans because no President ever had approved compensation benefits for veterans. Previous vetoes had been overridden. Congress, having recognized the injustice by the passage of legislation on the two previous occasions, should not delay the two pending bills longer than is necessary to put them through the legislative routine. If the President insists for a third time on relying on precedent as an excuse for further rejection, then the Congress should follow its own precedent in previous veterans' compensatory legislation and override the veto, thus removing an unjust discrimination. Constitutional Liberties EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. HIRAM W. JOHNSON OF CALIFORNIA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Thursday, June 16 (legislative day of Tuesday, June 7), 1938 ADDRESS BY SENATOR DAVIS Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the RECORD a notable address by the distinguished senior Senator APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD not exceed in the aggregate $45,000,000,000, with the additional provision that the face amount of bonds (as distinguished from notes and bills) issued under authority of the act shall not exceed in the aggregate $30,000,000,000 at any one time. CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE EXTENDED TO POSTMASTERS (Approved June 25, 1938. Public, No. 720, 75th Cong.) The act provides that postmasters of the Arst, second, and third classes shall hereafter be appointed in the classifed civil service without term by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Present postmasters may serve out their terms before the provisions of this proposal become effective. Appointments to postmaster positions to the above-named classes shall be made by the reappointment of the incumbent by noncompetitive examination, or by promotion from within the Postal Service, or by competitive examination in accordance with provisions of the civil service act and rules. To be eligible for appointment a person must have resided within the delivery of the omce at least 1 year. Appointments of acting postmasters shall be made by the Postmaster General; the acting postmaster shall not serve longer than 6 months without permission from the Civil Service Commission. FLOOD CONTROL OVERTON-WHITTINGTON FLOOD-CONTROL ACT (Approved June 28, 1938. Public, No. 761, 75th Cong.) The act authorizes $386,500,000 to be appropriated over a 5-year period ending June 30, 1944, for the construction of projects named in the act; of the above amount $10,000,000 is set aside for examinations and surveys by the Departments of War and Agriculture and $1,500,000 is to be set aside for examinations and surveys by the Federal Power Commission. Improvements of rivers and other waterways for flood control and allied purposes are to be under the jurisdiction of the War Department; investigations to prevent soil erosion are to be under the Jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture; and the Federal Power Commission is to have jurisdiction over that portion of the projects which are to be constructed and operated for power purposes. States, political subdivisions thereof, or local agencies are to be reimbursed sums equivalent to actual expenditures made by them in acquiring lands, easements, and rights-of-way for any dam and reservoir project which is deemed reasonable by the Secretary of War. Provision is made for evacuation and rehabilitation of communities where such action will afford general flood protection at a smaller cost than the erection of dams and other flood-protection projects. HEALTH AND SANITATION FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT (Approved June 25, 1938. Public, No. 717, 75th Cong.) The act provides in its definition of foods, drugs, and cosmetics an expansion in Federal jurisdiction over a number of articles which are not amenable to control under present law. The act denies the channels of interstate commerce to products which are adulterated or misbranded or are otherwise unsafe for use. Labels may not be changed after the interstate shipment is completed. Enforcement procedure is provided by authorizing the courts to enjoin violations of the act. Criminal penalties of the present law are substantially increased with appropriate exemptions for dealers who innocently receive and distribute illegal goods. Any article of food, drug, device, or cosmetic that is adulterated or misbranded when placed into interstate commerce may be seized at any time to protect the public. The seizure shall be limited to single shipments of the article unless the Secretary of Agriculture has cause to believe that the misbranded article is dangerous to health, fraudulent, or misleading to the injury or damage of the purchaser or consumer. Minor violations may be settled by written notice or warning when the public interest will be adequately protected by such procedure. Proceedings under the act shall be by and in the name of the United States, and subpenas for witnesses may run throughout the Jurisdiction of the United States. The act provides authority for the establishment of definitions and standards of identity and reasonable standards of quality and All of container for food. Control is provided against insanitary and contaminated foods, foods packed in poisonous containers, and various forms of food debasement. More informative labeling of foods is required. Provision is made for control by permit from the Secretary of Agriculture of foods originating in a locality where, by reason of local conditions, disease epidemics may be spread by shipment of contaminated food. Certain exemptions from the labeling provisions are set out in regard to foods, drugs, devices, and cosmetics. Control of the addition of poison to food, such as the use of toxic insecticides and fungicides to vegetables, is provided. Definitions are established for adulterated and misbranded drugs and devices; all provisions relating to devices are new. Provisions have been designed to require the labeling of drugs and devices with information essential to the consumer, such as appropriate labeling of habit-forming drugs. Regulations for label 3255 ing prescription drugs are set out separately. New drugs must be adequately tested before they are commercialized. The act defines adulterated and misbranded cosmetics. The authority to promulgate regulations for enforcement of the act is vested in the Secretary of Agriculture. Procedure is set out governing the formulation and judicial review of the regula tions. Such regulations have the force and effect of law. The Secretary may issue, amend, or repeal a regulation on his own initiative, or by the request of an interested industry. Notice, hearing, and Andings are required, and the Secretary must base an order only on substantial evidence of record. Judicial review of the Secretary's action to determine if there has been compliance with such requirements, whether or not there was substantial evidence to support the Anding, and upon constitutional questions may be had. Further opportunity for review of a regulation placed in effect by the Secretary will occur in criminal, injunction, libel, or condemnation, exclusion of imports, or other proceedings instituted by the Government under the act, in which the defendant is charged with violating the regulation. The Secretary of Agriculture is designated as the enforcing officer. Interstate carriers and receivers are required to permit access to and copying of all necessary records to show interstate shipment and thus establish Federal jurisdiction. Inspection of factories doing interstate business is provided. The provision dealing with imports contain no substantial change from the provisions of the present law. The law shall become effective 12 months after the date of its enactment. CONTROL OF VENEREAL DISEASES-LA FOLLETTE-BULWINKLE ECT (Approved May 24, 1938. Public, No. 540, 75th Cong.) To assist the States and their political subdivisions in a program for prevention, treatment, and control of venereal diseases, there is authorized to be appropriated the following sums: 1. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939, not to exceed $3,000,000. 2. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, not to exceed $5,000,000. 3. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, not to exceed $7,000,000. Following June 30, 1941, such sums are authorized as may be deemed necessary to carry out the provisions of the act. Prior to the beginning of each scal year the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service shall determine the sum to be allotted to the States and Territories. Such allotments shall be based on population, extent of the venereal-disease problem, and the financial needs of the respective States and Territories. CANCER (Approved March 28, 1938. Public Res. No. 82, 75th Cong.) This legislation authorizes and requests the President to issue annually a proclamation setting apart the month of April of each year as cancer-control month, and to invite annually the Governors of the States and Territories to do likewise. The purpose of this legislation is to obtain the cooperation of the medical profession, the press, and other interested agencies in impressing the general public with the necessity for a national program for control of the disease of cancer by cooperative and educational means. HIGHWAY AID HAYDEN-CARTWRIGHT FEDERAL HIGHWAY ACT OF 1938 (Approved June 8, 1938. Public, No. 328, 75th Cong.) The following sums are authorized to be appropriated by this act, which is to be known as the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1938: 1. For regular Federal aid for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, $100,000,000; for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, #115,000,000. 2. For secondary roads for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, $15,000,000, and an equal amount for the following fiscal year. 3. For grade-crossing elimination for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, $20,000,000; for the subsequent fiscal year, $30,000,000. 4. For forest highways, roads, and trails for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, $10,000,000; for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941. $13,000,000. 5. For forest highways in Alaska during each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 1940, and June 30, 1941, $400.000. 6. For public-land roads for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, $1,000,000; for the following fiscal year, $2,000,000. 7. For national-park roads and trails for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, $4,000,000; for the next fiscal year, $5,000,000. 8. For national parkways for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, $6,000,000; for the next fiscal year, $8,000,000. 9. For Indian roads for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, $2,500,000; for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, 83,000,000. Any sum herein or hereafter apportioned to a State shall remain available for 1 year following the fiscal year for which such sum was authorized; any unexpended balances shall be reapportioned among the States. Any fund withheld from a State as a penalty for diversion of road-user taxes are to be made available for reapportionment in the same manner as any other unexpended balance. Hereafter highways constructed with the aid of Federal funds may Include roadside and landscape development, including such sanitary and other facilities as may be deemed reasonably necessary for the accommodation of the public. The Chief of the Bureau of Public Roads is directed to investigate and report his Andings to the Congress not later than February 1, 9502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE So (two-thirds having voted in favor thereof) the bill was passed, the objections of the President to the contrary notwithstanding. The Clerk announced the following pairs: On this vote: Mr. Lemke and Mr. Cole of New York (for) with Mr. Hook (against). Mr. Jenkins of Ohio and Mr. Smith of Washington (for) with Mr. Curley (against). Mr. Reed of New York and Mr. Hoffman (for) with Mr. O'Connor of Montana (against). Mr. Eaton and Mr. Ditter (for) with Mr. Boylan of New York (against). Mr. Arends and Mr. Drewry of Virginia (for) with Mr. Fitzpatrick (against). Mr. White of Ohio and Mr. Hartley (for) with Mr. Sirovich against). General pairs: Mr. Vinson of Georgia with Mr. Wadsworth. Mr. Doughton with Mr. Thomas of New Jersey. Mr. Mansfield with Mr. Barton. Mr. Dempsey with Mr. Jarrett. Mr. Fernandez with Mr. McLean. Mr. Boehne with Mr. Tinkham. Mr. Griswold with Mr. Welsh. Mr. Murdock of Utah with Mr. Smith of Maine. Mr. Schuetz with Mr. Douglas. Mr. Lanham with Mr. Andrews. Mr. Coffee of Nebraska with Mr. Taylor of Colorado. Mrs. O'Day with Mr. Gray of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chandler with Mr. McAndrews. Mr. Steagall with Mr. May. Mr. Gasque with Mr. Ashbrook. Mr. Driver with Mr. Scrugham. Mr. Whelchel with Mr. Casey of Massachusetts. Mr. Mitchell of Tennessee with Mr. Tolan. Mr. Jarman with Mr. White of Idaho. Mr. Mosler of Ohio with Mr. Gingery. Mr. Secrest with Mr. Cartwright. Mr. Green with Mr. Kirwan. Mr. Kramer with Mr. Deen. Mr. McMillan with Mr. Creal. Mr. Bell with Mr. Hendricks. Mr. Clark of Idaho with Mr. Wearin. Mr. Lesinski with Mr. Dockweiler. Mr. Towcy with Mr. Knimn. Mr. Cummings with Mr. Sweeney. Mr. Johnson of Oklahoma with Mr. Boyer. Mr. Hancock of North Carolina with Mr. Hildebrandt. Mr. Smith of Oklahoma with Mr. Stack. Mr. Peterson of Florida with Mr. Wood. The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. TAXICAB INSURANCE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA The SPEAKER laid before the House the following request from the Senate of the United States: Ordered, That the Secretary be directed to request the House of Representatives to return to the Senate the engrossed bill (H. R. 7084) to provide that all cabs for hire in the District of Columbia be compelled to carry insurance for the protection of passengers, and for other purposes, together with all accompanying papers. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to granting the request of the Senate? Mr. O'MALLEY, Mr. DONDERO, and Mr. SCHULTE objected. FIRST-CLASS MAIL MATTER Mr. HAINES submitted a conference report and statement on the bill (H. R. 2716) to provide for the local delivery rate on certain first-class mail matter. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and include therein a resolution introduced by me in the House to amend the Constitution, together with a brief statement from former Governor Pollard, of Virginia, on that resolution. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Kentucky? There was no objection. Mr. O'CONNELL of Montana. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and include therein a short statement by the American League JUNE 15 for Peace and Democracy and a tabulation of unions showing their support of a measure introduced by me. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Montana? There was no objection. ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS SIGNED Mr. PARSONS, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported that that committee had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the House of the following titles, which were thereupon signed by the Speaker: H. R. 1531. An act extending the classified civil service to include postmasters of the first, second, and third classes, and for other purposes; H. R. 1872. An act for the relief of Martin Bridges: H. R. 1948. An act conferring jurisdiction upon the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the claims of certain property holders within the Old Harbor Village area of Boston, Mass.; H. R. 2191. An act for the relief of Roberta Carr; H. R. 2665. An act for the relief of W. D. Presley; H. R. 3610. An act to adjust the salaries of rural letter carriers; H. R. 5615. An act for the relief of the administrator of the estate of Capt. B. B. Barbee, deceased; H. R. 5743. An act for the relief of Haffenreffer & Co., Inc.; H. R. 6586. An act to regulate the transportation and sale of natural gas in interstate commerce, and for other purposes; H. R. 6618. An act for the relief of Miriam Grant; H. R. 6710. An act conferring jurisdiction upon the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the claims of Anna Lee Hebert, Mrs. Nicholas Hebert, Mr. and Mrs. Dossie E. Morrell, Mr. and Mrs. C. B. McClure, and W. F. Cobb; and H. R. 8046. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United States," approved July 1, 1898, and acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto; and to repeal section 76 thereof and all acts and parts of acts inconsistent therewith. The SPEAKER announced his signature to enrolled bills and joint resolutions of the Senate of the following titles: S. 5. An act to prohibit the movement in interstate commerce of adulterated and misbranded food, drugs, devices, and cosmetics, and for other purposes: S. 1043. An act for the relief of A. C. Williams; S. 1478. An act conferring jurisdiction on the Court of Claims to hear and determine the claims of the Choctaw Indians of the State of Mississippi; S. J. Res. 298. Joint resolution to create a joint congressional committee to investigate the adequacy and use of the phosphate resources of the United States; S. J. Res. 300. Joint resolution to create a temporary national economic cor.mittee; and S. J. Res. 308. Joint resolution to prescribe the acreage allotments for wheat for 1939. BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT Mr. PARSONS, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported that that committee did on this day present to the President, for his approval, bills and joint resolutions of the House of the following titles: H. R. 152. An act to add certain lands to the Rio Grande National Forest, Colo.; H. R. 447. An act for the relief of Alpha Vint; H. R. 1250. An act for the relief of Emilie Dew, Jack Welsh, Mary Jane Bowden, and Henry U. Gaines, Jr.; H. R. 1363. An act for the relief of estate of Milton L Baxter; 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE hopes of men who hold this view were realized, we might be plunged into war by carefully organized propaganda. I share in full measure the views of the most careful students of the subject that a new world war in which we participated might result in fascism if we won-communism if we lost-but in any event it would certainly result in the destruction of democracy in America. The country should be grateful to the Veterans of Foreign Wars for the great service it is performing in organizing public opinion for this bill and these principles. STATEMENT OF SENATOR CAPPER ON S. 3912 war I am supporting 100 percent the provisions of 8. 3912, a bm designed to take the profits out of by levying steeply graduated income taxes on war profits. I believe such a law is justified, and that it is sound public policy for the Government to take over war profits for the purpose of prosecuting the war. I am sincerely hopeful that by taking the profits out of war we will remove one of the incentives for war. All of us who went through the World War remember the inordinate profits that went to the munitions industry, and to other industries engaged in the sale of war necessities. We remember the "war millionaires," the fortunes that were made from the suffering and misery and destruction of life and property. This measure has the backing of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. In fact, I believe it can be stated that the Veterans of Foreign Wars, as an organization, actually sponsored this piece of legislation. Other veterans' organizations are strongly in favor of the principles established in this legislation. I wish we could proceed on the assumption that the United States would not be engaged in war again in our time. I sincerely hope that we will not be dragged into any war again. I am opposed to war. I shall do everything in my power to prevent our going to war except clearly in self-defense. The But I realize that we must face the future realistically. time may come when we will have to wage war to protect ourselves and our own interests and people. On the basis of realism, it is necessary that we be adequately prepared to wage a successful war, when it becomes necessary. I also believe it is just as necessary that we prepare adequately in advance to take the profits out of war. To enact such legislation in wartime, when everything is subordinated toward winLing the war, would be very difficult, perhaps impossible. The time to enact this worth-while legislation, the time to take the profits out of war by making it plain that war profits will not go to merchants of death and other profiteers, is now, while we are at peace. This bill, S. 3192, is based on perfectly sound principles. It is good legislation. I consider it necessary legislation. It is part of a program of adequate preparedness for war, and it has my wholehearted support. STATEMENT BY SENATOR A. H. VANDENBERG ON S. 3912, JUNE 7, 1938 I deeply believe that S. 3912-or its equivalent is practical patriotism and practical pacifism at one and the same time. If America finds entry into another war to be unavoidable-which God forbid!-this high war-profits tax law will prove to be one of our best soldiers, because it will produce large revenues at the moment of greatest need. Furthermore, by seeking to have our "next war" fought substantially on a pay-as-you-go basis, we shall avoid a "war boom" and thus in turn we shall save ourselves from the tragedy of a post-war deflation. There are many other reasons-some of them far more important-why S. 3912 or its equivalent should become the law. I particularly have in mind the inevitable fact that wars are highly profitable to many citizens and many interests. Thus there is bound to be a commercial impulse and a commercial motive which at least deaden our sense of resistance to entry into war in far too great a degree. If we demonetize war-if we take the Jollar sign off our battle flags, if we make it plain that our national anthem shall never be played upon cash registers, I think we shall have made a profound contribution to peace and to the avoidance of needless war. These have been my sentiments ever since I entered the Senate 10 years ago. More than ever, they are my sentiments today. I have always been glad to cooperate with veterans' organizations in this connection and in this quest. I was glad to serve on the fast special commission which made the first recommendations to take the profits out of war. I was glad to serve on the subsequent Munitions committee which sponsored the second great effort in th:s laudable direction. I am glad now to join in sponsoring 8. 3912 as the third concerted effort toward this essential goal. 9393 Past experience has proven that profiteering has been a decided stimulus for war and that the propaganda for war was largely spread by those who expected to make profit out of war. Our Veterans of Foreign Wars are to be complimented upon their determined stand against war profiteering, and I wish them success and hope that they can create sentiment strong enough to enact 8. 3912 and thus help to prevent war. STATEMENT OF SENATOR HOLT ON SENATE BILL 3912 I hope that the United States of America will never again be in war. But, if for some reason, this country would become involved in conflict, let us stop profiteering in its conduct. That is the purpose of Senate bill 3912, introduced by a number of Members of the United States Senate. I am glad to be one of the sponsors. History records the methods used by those who have reaped "blood money" at the expense of our people. We must devote ourselves to a cause that will prevent the repetition of such taction. Profiteering in time of war must stop. However, some legislation whose stated purpose is to take the proft out of war takes democracy out of America. Such legisla tion must not be passed. We can reach the profiteers without injuring the inalienable constitutional rights of citizens. Take the profit out of war but do it through such legislation as that sponsored by the Veterans of Foreign Wars. In that way the profiteers cannot amass their profits while the boys are fighting for demooracy, and when the war is through our democracy will be here as a reward for their patriotism and loyalty. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Calloway, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House had agreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 9801) to provide for the retirement, rank, and pay of Chiefs of Naval Operations, Chiefs of Bureau of the Navy Department, the Judge Advocates General of the Navy, and the Major Generals Commandant of the Marine Corps. The message also announced that the House had agreed to the report of the committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 9997) to regulate the distribution, promotion, and retirement of officers of the line of the Navy, and for other purposes. ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED The message further announced that the Speaker had affixed his signature to the following enrolled bills, and they were signed by the Vice President: S. 5. An act to prohibit the movement in interstate commerce of adulterated and misbranded food, drugs, devices, and cosmetics, and for other purposes; H. R. 1531. An act extending the classified civil service to include postmasters of the first, second, and third classes, and for other purposes; H. R. 1872. An act for the relief of Martin Bridges; H. R. 1948. An act conferring jurisdiction upon the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the claims of certain property holders within the Old Harbor Village area of Boston, Mass.; H. R. 2191. An act for the relief of Roberta Carr; H. R. 3610. An act to adjust the salaries of rural letter carriers; H. R. 5615. An act for the relief of the administrator of the estate of Capt. B. B. Barbee; H. R. 5743. An act for the relief of Haffenreffer & Co., Inc.; H. R. 6586. An act to regulate the transportation and sale of natural gas in interstate commerce, and for other purposes; H. R. 6618. An act for the relief of Miriam Grant; H. R. 6710. An act conferring jurisdiction upon the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the claims of Anna Lee Hebert, Mrs. Nicholas Hebert, Mr. and Mrs. Dossie E. Morrell, Mr. and Mrs. C. B. McClure, and W. F. Cobb; and H. R. 8046. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United States", approved July 1, 1898, and acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto; and to repeal section 76 thereof and all acts and parts of acts inconsistent therewith. |