HERB, Fig. 1, in the old Greek style. From a basso-relievo in the Capitol of HERE, Fig. 2, JUNO LANUVINA. From a statue in the Vatican. Hope's ATHENĒ, Fig. 1. The old Greek style, from a basso-relievo in the Capitol. 66 ATHENĒ, Fig. 2. From a statue at Florence. Hope's Costumes of the ATHENE AND CHARIOT. 69 66 67 From Museo Borbonico. Müll. Denk. der Alt. Kunst HEPHAISTOS MAKING THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES. Müll. Denk, der Alt, Kunst 69 SACRIFICE TO ARTEMIS. Rossi's Gemme Antiche, vol. iii. plate 101. 88 ACTEON AND HIS DOGS. Borghese Collection Nasos. Antiq. D'Herculan, grav. par David VIEW OF THEBES; from the road to Platea. G. F. Sargent G. F. Sargent VIEW OF ACHAIA. After Williams. GREEK WARRIORS. Bronzes in the British Museum COIN OF MESSENIA. Hunterian Museum COIN OF CORINTH, with Pegasus. Hunterian Museum RUINS OF THE TEMPLE OF POSEIDŌN AT CORINTH. G. F. Sargent ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS. Martin and Corbould COIN OF EPHESUS. Hunterian Museum COIN OF SAMOS. Hunterian Museum SOLON. Visconti, Iconog. Grecque 191 209 COIN OF PHOCIS; head with laurel wreath and bull's head. Hunterian Col- PASS OF THERMOPYLE, with Tombs of the Spartans. G. F. Sargent VIEW OF MOUNT ATHOS. G. F. Sargent SOURCE OF THE SCAMANDER, MOUNT IDA. REMAINS OF THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS THE LIBERATOR IN THE TROAD. G. F. INTERIOR OF A GREEK HOUSE. Composed from the remains at Pompeii. GREEK HEROES IN CAR. Panof. Bild. Antik. Leb. taf. vi SACRIFICE TO DIONYSUS. Neapolitan Museum. Panof. Bild. Antik. Leb. taf. xiii. • 300 • 313 314 After Bardon. G. F. Sargent 356 ANCIENT COSTUMES: Lydia, Media, Persia, Phrygia, Judæa, Rome, Greece, MUSICAL PRIZE. Hamilton Vases. Panof. Bild. Antik. Leb. taf, iv. GREEK YOUTH ATTIRED BY HIS MOTHER FOR THE PUBLIC GAMES. Panof. GREEK WARRIOR SETTING OUT FOR THE WARS. Panof. Bild. Antik. Leb. plate 17. LIGHT-ARMED GREEK SOLDIER, Panof. Bild. Antik, Leb, taf, i, Page A LADY WRITING, with Style and Waxen Tablet. taf. xix. GRECIAN MARRIAGE CAR, Panof. Bild, Antik, Leb, taf. xvii, HOUSEHOLD VESSELS, British Museum SEALS AND SIGNET RINGS Panof. Bild. Antik. Leb. Leb. taf. WINE VESSELS, &c. British Museum DANCING AND TUMBLING GIRLS. Panof. Bild. Antik, Leb, taf, xi. . 456 460 466 467 SCULPTURED VASE. Sacrifice of Iphigenia; with Achilles and Greek Hero. PERSEUS AND ANDROMEDA. From a painting found at Civita. Antiq. 504 508 524 t GENII. From an ancient painting found at Gragnano. Antiq. D'Herculan. grav. par David, tom. iv. fig. 70 EROS; GREEK CHRONOLOGY. ON THE EARLY INHABITANTS OF GREECE. r is admitted by all the Grecian writers that the original inhabitants of Greece were mere ages feeding on acorns, living in caves, and clothing themselves with the skins of beasts. what race or descent these were, it is impossible now to discover."-Sir John Stoddart. This generally-received opinion is, however, disputed by Mr. Fynes Clinton, who contends it the four immigrations under Cecrops (1556), Cadmus (1550), Danaus (1485), and Pelops 283), are "not such as to deserve to be accounted the introduction of a new race of people, ch as is produced by force of arms or by large bodies of invaders overwhelming the cient inhabitants." Mr. Clinton adds, "These establishments were made within three nturies of the Trojan war, when the country was already in the possession of powerful bes, which subsisted after these establishments, and increased so far as to supersede them. 1 these four settlements are examples of a smaller received into a larger number." The early inhabitants of this classic land cannot be distinguished so much according to eir respective localities, as according to their several tribes, for we find that most, if not of them, migrated, as circumstances required, from one district to another; their general Buation may, however, be thus defined: The PELASGI principally occupied the Peloponnesus, from which they extended themIves into Thessaly, &c. These people were the most powerful of all the tribes; they were und in all parts of Greece, hence the whole country at one time was called Pelasgia. The Leleges were established in Laconia, in the eastern part of the Peloponnesus, called om them Lelegia, and in Megara. The Caucones dwelt in the western part of the Peloponnesus. The Dryopes had their principal settlement in Mount Eta, from which they extended emselves across the country westward to Ambracia. The Aones, Hyantes, and Temnices inhabited Boeotia and part of Euboea. Subsequently ey were found in the west of the Peloponnesus. The Carians occupied the islands of the Ægean Sea. These people were supposed to be eleges. "The early history of the Greeks, as well as the early history of most nations, emanated om tradition, and supplied their bards with subjects of song for several centuries. But it oes not follow from hence that early Grecian history was an invention because it was betical. The subjects of history, as presented by tradition and sung by the bards, were only terwoven with fictions; and so modelled as to gratify the national pride, and to adorn the opular religion. It is at the same time true that little credit is to be given to the details of recian history before the era of the Olympiads.”—History of Greek Literature. For the better illustration of Grecian affairs, we have added chronological tables of ASIA INOR and of the PERSIAN EMPIRE, down to the same period as that to which our Greek hronology extends, namely, B.C. 404. [As the fabulous, mythical, and uncertain periods of Greek chronology have occasioned nuch discussion among eminent historians and chronographers, and as it would be a hopeess task to attempt a reconciliation of their differences, we have deemed it fair to those minent authorities to give insertion to their respective and opposing dates, leaving it to the udgment of the reader to adopt those which best accord with his own views and feelings.] 2089 Sicyon founded by Ægialeus. (Lenglet, 1521 Pelasgus, king of the Arcadians, teach s 1773; others, 1856.) 2042 Arrival of Uranus in Greece. 1856 Argos founded by Inachus.-Euseb. (Phoroneus founded it in 1753, according to others.) From the time of Inachus to the in- ? Revolt of the Titans under Atlas. 1807 Phoroneus succeeds Inachus. He introduces a fixed code of laws. His reign is prolonged to 60 years. 1796 Ogyges, king of Boeotia. 1773 Phoroneus introduces the practice of offering sacrifices to the gods. 1760 Deluge in Attica, in the time of Ogyges (1796 Africanus; 1764 Blair; 1749 Oxford tables). 1747 Apis, the third of the Inachida, reigns 35 years (? 1707 according to some). 1711 Argus, son of Niobe, the fourth of the Inachidæ, founds Argos. 1710 Enotrus leads a colony of Arcadians into Italy. 1700 The Cyclopian walls are built. 1684 Pelasgus I. succeeds his brother Argus. 1652 Criasus, son of Argus, succeeds Pe lasgus I. (another date 1641). 1617 Phorbas, of Argos, succeeds Criasus. 1582 Chronology of the Arundelian marbles begins with this date. 1558 Deucalion leads the Hellenes into Phocis, &c. (1433 Blair). 1556 Cecrops, from Sais, in Egypt, comes into Attica, where he founds a kgdm. He abolishes the practice of offering bloody sacrifices to Zeus. ? Cranaus, the second king in Attica. 1552 A flood compels the Hellenes to retire into Thessaly; see 1558. (? 1503.) The Hellenes expel the Pelasgi, who emigrate into Italy. (? 1493 or 1313.) Triopas succeeds Phorbas at Argos. Polycaon seizes part of the kdom., which he calls after his wife, Messenia. 1550 Cadmus, from Phoenicia, comes into Greece; he founds Thebes, in Cadmeis, afterwards Bœotia (1124). Phoenician letters introd. by Cadmus. Corn and olives cultivated in Attica. 1534 Dancing to the measure of time invented by the Curetes. 1521 Amphictyon, the third king of Attica. them to adopt acorns instead of her's for food; his grateful people reward him with divine honours. 1520 Ephyra, or Corinth, founded. 1516 Lelex fnds. the Laconian kgdm. (?14). From him the Leleges were named. 1514 The Lupercalia instituted by Lycaon Nyctemus, king of Arcadia. ? Arcas succeeds Nyctemus in Arcadis He gives his name to the country; i> troduces agriculture, and teaches te art of spinning wool. For these in provements he and his mother t made a constellation. ? Aleus, king of Arcadia, celebrated as builder of temples. 1506 Institution of the Areopagus. Crotopus succeeds Triopas at Argos. 1504 Flood of Deucalion.-Euseb. (1 and 1529; other dates are also give 1503 Deucalion comes into Attica. 1500 Danaus, an Egyptian, comes into Arr 1498 The Amphictyonic Council establishe at Thermopyla by Amphictyon. He interprets dreams & observes omen 1495 Institution of the Panathenaan gans. 1494 Erichthonius the fourth king of Atti He teaches his subjects the art of the bandry, and introduces the Eleusinin mysteries. (See 1356.) 1493 Cadmus founds Thebes-see 1550. Sthenelus reigns at Argos. ?Pandion the fifth king of Attica. 1490 Lelex first king of Laconia. (? 1516) Lacedæmon marries Sparta. The city of Sparta founded. ? Crockeryware introduced from Egt 1486 Cars, chariots, and harness, invente by Erichthonius of Athens. 1485 Gelanor, last of the Inachida, at Arg Danaus comes into Greece, naviga the first ship ever seen there. He introduces water pumps, &c. 1475 Danaus deposes Gelanor and success him as king of Argos (1460 Blair Forty-nine of his daughters destr their husbands on the night of th nuptials, according to his commasi Hypermnestra alone refuses to day -she spares her husband Lyncens Reign of Hellen-the mythical ancest of all the Greeks (Hellenes). Polydore reigns at Thebes. 1457 Perseus, from Argos, reigns at Myre1453 Institution of the Olympic games Elis by the Idæi Dactyli.-Euseb. 1438 Pandion reigns in Attica. 1433 Deucalion's flood.-Bl.; Clint. (? 1563 1 1430 Labdacus rules at Thebes. 1426 Museus fl.-Arund, marb. (? 1180.) 1459 |