scope of the present Article, and must be deferred until the data of Mons. Mariette concerning the period of the Hyksos shall be fully before us. Assuming 1633 B.C. as the first year of Amos -the beginning of the New Empire Bunsen makes 1426 years for the Old Empire (1076 years) together with the Middle Epoch or Hyksos period (350 years); thus bringing Menes to the throne in 3059 B.C.

The Egyptian "Book of the Dead" or "Funeral Ritual" is now receiving the special attention of several Egyptologers. The text of the Ritual of Turin, published by Dr. Lepsius in 1842, under the title of Todtenbuch, has been till recently accepted as the canonical standard; but Comte Rougé has now prepared from a collation of various papyri, an edition which aspires to be the official text.1 Mr. W. Pleyte of Leyden has published a translation of the 125th chapter, which treats of the entering of the deceased into "the Hall of the Two Truths, and of separating a person from his sins when he has been made to see the faces of the Gods." Mr Pleyte's translation is based upon an analysis and comparison of the better manuscripts.2 Dr. Samuel Birch, of the British Museum, has made a translation of the entire ritual, the first complete translation yet published, which is incorporated with the English edition of Bunsen's "Egypt's Place in Universal History." An exposition of the belief of the Egyptians concerning the future condition of the soul, derived from the contents of this book and the study of various sarcophagi, will be given in a subsequent Article.

ARTICLE VIII.

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

GRUNDEMANN'S ATLAS OF MISSIONS.

WE have called attention in a previous number of this Journal, to Grundemann's Atlas of Missions, and have published a translation of the Prospectus. Since that time the first part has appeared in quarto form, engraved with great delicacy, and colored in that neat manner for which German maps are noted. It embraces the Western Coast of Africa. The second part is nearly ready, and will comprise Southern Africa. The third is in a forward state of preparation, and will include Eastern Africa and Madagascar. This continent will be presented to the world in all its missionary fields, in less than a year from the present time. The other conti

1 Rituel Funéraire des anciens Egyptiens. Folio. Paris: 1861-67.
2 Études Égyptologiques. Par W. Pleyte. Leide: E. J. Brill. 1866.
3 Vol. v. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 1867.

nents will follow in due course, and in about three years from this time Dr. Grundemann hopes to finish his task.

A work so valuable, and so thoroughly done, should not be confined to the German world, and the comparatively few scholars who are familiar with the German tongue. In all departments of Geography, the nation speaking that language leads the world; and the house that publishes Grundemann's Atlas of Missions is the largest geographical publishing house on the globe. Dr. Grundemann's long interest in missions, and his familiarity with them, indicates him as pre-eminently fitted for his task; while his piety, his sound evangelical belief, and his experience as a pastor with the wants of the Christian public, have still further enhanced the worth of his services.

Grundemann's Atlas, when finished, will be a work for the library alone, however; whereas our special lack in this country is a good, clear, and large series of wall maps. Serviceable as are those which are now most in use in our vestries, they are open to many serious objections. They are not engraved with marked skill; they are coarse and inelegant. Moreover they are not exclusively missionary in their character; they contain too much; they are almost as useful for general purposes as most of the wall maps that are sold. That this is so, indicates a great misapprehension. A missionary map should confine itself absolutely to that department. Where it recognizes political demarcations, it should do so in the most succint way, and only to such an extent as to indicate the country in which each missionary field is found. Its story should be told without digression; it should relate exclusively to the stations which the various organizations of Europe and America have established in all parts of the world.

This Dr. Grundemann, and he alone, has done. An enterprising house should take his quarto maps, and make them the basis of a new series of wall maps, engraved with skill, and adapted to adorn the vestry as well as to illustrate the Monthly Concert, and make that meeting effective. The continents should be drawn on a large scale in outline, the chief political divisions designated, and the chief missionary stations, whether carried on by English, Germans, French, or Americans, clearly indicated. The small and unimportant stations should be either omitted or entered with a minute lettering. The chief stations should be printed in letters so large as to be legible across the Lecture-room.

There is almost always a great deal of lost space in the margin of wall maps. The corners could, and should, be devoted to the copying, on a slightly reduced scale, of all the maps of Dr Grundemann's Atlas; and if this were done, the large central portion - the continents - might profitably omit the names of the smaller stations, and confine itself to the great groundwork of the missionary field.

Our plan goes one step further. Dr. Grundemann's maps being all reproduced, on the margin of the continental wall maps, from the stones

which form the margin, the smaller maps could be printed separately, and thus, at very little expense and with very little trouble, a volume could be produced for those who wish to place in their libraries a Missionary Atlas. A work of this kind, in both forms the book for libraries, and the wall map for vestries - could hardly fail to have a large and remunerative sale. The greatness of the missionary work is best understood by looking at the list of all the organizations which are engaged in carrying it on. We who are familiar with the names and the operations of a few great societies in England and America, are apt to forget the auxiliaries on the continent of Europe, as well as in the less prominent sects at home. It need hardly be said here that Dr. Grundemann has surveyed the whole Protestant field. He has visited England for the purpose of procuring data, and has communicated freely with all the leading missionaries and missionary boards of both hemispheres. German in his thoroughness and in his fairness, he has been misled by no national pride to extol the share which Germany is having in the great work, and tempted by no sectarianism to belittle the part of any body of Christians. We regret that he has made no account of Catholic missions. His plea is the great difficulty of obtaining the facts; but surely a visit to France would, with a man of his gentle, yet earnest, nature, not have been unavailing. As it is, the work is shorn of a most valuable part in this mission.

We venture to subjoin a list of all the missionary societies of the world, and the fields they occupy, so far as known to the writer of this Article. As personal friends of Dr. Grundemann, and greatly desiring that his work should be as perfect as possible, we would invite any contribution which would make this list more perfect.

I. British Missionary Societies.

1. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. 1701. East and West Indies, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, North America.

2. The Baptist Miss. Soc. 1792. East and West Indies, West Africa, China.

3. The London Miss. Soc. 1795. South Sea, East and West Indies, South

Africa, Madagascar.

4. The Church Miss. Soc. 1800. East and West Indies, Turkey, China, New Zealand, West Africa, Mauritius, Madagascar, North America. 5. The General Baptist Miss. Soc. 1816. East Indies, China.

6. The Wesleyan (Methodist) Miss. Soc. 1817. East and West Indies, West and South Africa, China, Australia, Polynesia, North America. 7. Established Church of Scotland's Foreign Miss. 1824. East Indies. 8. Society for Promoting Female Education in the East. 1834.

9. Welsh Foreign Miss. Soc. 1840. East Indies (Silbet).

10. The Irish Presbyterian Church's For. Miss. 1840. East Indies. (Gugjerat), Syria.

11. The Edinburgh Medical Miss. Soc. 1841.

12. The Reformed Presbyterian Church's For. Miss. 1842. New Hebrides.

13. The Free Church of Scotland's For. Miss. 1843. East Indies, South Africa.

14. The English Presbyterian For. Miss. 1844. China, East Indies.

15. The South American (Patagonian) Miss. Soc. 1844. South America. 16. The United Presbyterian Church's For. Miss. 1847. East and West Indies, West and South Africa.

17. The Chinese Evangelization Soc. 1850. China.

18. The Primitive Methodist. Miss. Soc. 1858. (??)

19. The Free United Methodist Miss. Soc. 1860. East and West Africa. 20a. The Moslem Miss. Soc. 1860. Syria, Egypt.

21a. The Universities Miss. Soc.

22a. The Foreign Evangelist Soc.

1861 ? East Africa.

1864.

II. American Missionary Societies.

20. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mission. 1810. East Indies, South Africa, Turkey, China, Polynesia, North America. 21. The Baptist Missionary Union. 1814. Birmah, Farther India, Siam, China.

22. The Methodist Episcopal Miss. Soc. 1819. West Africa, India, China, North and South America, Polynesia.

23. The Episcopal Board of Missions. 1820. North America, West Africa, China, Japan.

24. The Free-Will Baptist For. Miss. Soc. 1843. India.

25. The Board of For. Miss. of the Presbyterian Church. 1837. WestAfrica, India, Siam, China, Japan, North and South America.

26. Vacat.

27. Lutheran Missionary Society (of the General Synod of Pennsylvania). 1837. India, West Africa.

28. Seventh-Day-Baptist Miss. Soc. 1842. China.

29. American Indian Miss. Association. 1842. North America.

30. The Baptist Free Miss. Soc. 1843. West Indies.

31. The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Board of Missions. 1844. India, Turkey, Polynesia.

32. Mission of the German Lutheran Synod of Iowa. (?) North America. 33. The Southern Baptist Convention Board of Miss. 1845. West Africa, China.

34. The Southern Methodist For. Miss. 1846. North America, China. 35. The American Miss. Association (in Albany). 1846. North America, West Indies, Egypt, Siam, Polynesia.

36. The Reformed Protestant Dutch Church's For. Miss. 1857. India, China, Japan.

37. The Board of For. Miss. of the Presbyterian Church of Nova Scotia, 1848. New Hebrides.

38. The Micmac Missionary Society. (?) Nova Scotia.

III. German Missionary Societies.

40. Mission of the Evangelical Moravian Brotherhood. 1732. Greenland, Labrador, North America, West Indies, South Africa, Australia, Thibet.

41. Evang. Miss Soc. at Bâle. 1815. West Africa, India, China.

42. Society for the Advancement of Evangelical Missions at Berlin. 1823. South Africa.

43. Rhenish Miss. Soc. at Barmen. 1828. South Africa, Holland, East Indies, China.

44. North Ger. Miss. Soc. of Bremen. 1835. West Africa, New Zealand. 45. Evangelical Lutheran Missionary Society, Leipsic. 1836. India. 46. Gossner's Evangelical Missionary Union of Berlin. 1842. Farther India, Holland, India, Australia.

47. Berlin Woman's Mission for China. 1852. China.

48. Berlin Man's Union for China. 1852. China.

49. Hermannsburg Missionary Society. 1854. South Africa, India. 50. Pilgrim's Mission of St. Krischona near Bâle — Palestine, Abyssinia. 51. Kaisersworth Deaconesses Institute. Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt. 52. Jerusalem Union at Berlin. Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt.

IV. Dutch Missionary Societies.

60. Netherland Missionary Society at Rotterdam. 1797. Ambon, Minahassa, South Celebes, Java.

61. The Java Society at Amsterdam.

1854. Java, Sumatra.

62. The Ermeloer Missionary Society. 1854. Talaut Islands.

63. Mission of the Separatist Reformed Church at Kampen. 1857. Surinam, Orange Republic.

64. The Netherland Missionary Society. Rotterdam. 1859. Java.

65. The Utrecht Missionary Society. 1859. New Guinea, Bali.

66. The Netherland Reformed Missionary Society. Amsterdam. 1859. Java.

67. Mennonites Association for the Diffusion of the Gospel in the Dutch Maratime Possessions at Amsterdam.

68. Java. The China Society.

V. Scandinavian Missionary Societies.

70. Swedish Missionary Society of Stockholm. 1837.

71. Missionary Society of Lund for China. 1852.

72. Missionary Institute of the Evangelical Fatherland's Foundation of Stockholm. 1860.

73. Missionary Society of Göteborg.