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III.

O dread and silent Mount! I gazed upon thee,
Till thou, still present to the bodily sense,

Didst vanish from my thought: entranced in prayer,
I worshiped the Invisible alone.

Yet, like some sweet, beguiling melody,

So sweet, we know not we are listening to it,

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Thou, the mean while, wast blending with my thought, —
Yea, with my life, and life's own secret joy,·
Till the dilating soul, enrapt, transfused,
Into the mighty vision passing there,

As in her natural form, swelled vast to Heaven.

IV.

Awake, my soul! not only passive praise
Thou owest! not alone these swelling tears,
Mute thanks, and silent ecstasy! Awake,
Voice of sweet song! Awake, my heart, awake!
Green vales and icy cliffs, all join my hymn!

V.

Thou, first and chief, sole sovereign of the vale!
O, struggling with the darkness all the night,
And visited all night by troops of stars,

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Or when they climb the sky, or when they sink, —
Companion of the morning star at dawn,
Thyself earth's rosy star, and of the dawn
Co-herald, wake! O wake! and utter praise!
Who sank thy sunless pillars deep in earth?
Who filled thy countenance with rosy light?
Who made thee parent of perpetual streams?

VI.

And you, ye five wild torrents, fiercely glad! *
Who called you forth from night and utter death,

* Besides the rivers Arve and Arveiron, which have their sources in the foot of Mont Blanc in Switzerland, five conspicuous torrents rush down its sides; and within a few feet of the glaciers the Gentiana major grows in immense numbers, with its "flowers of loveliest blue."

From dark and icy caverns called you forth,
Down those precipitous, black, jaggëd rocks,
Forever shattered, and the same forever?
Who gave you your invulnerable life,

Your strength, your speed, your fury, and your joy,
Unceasing thunder, and eternal foam?

And who commanded, and the silence came,"Here let the billows stiffen, and have rest"?

VII.

Ye ice-falls! ye, that, from the mountain's brow,
Adown enormous ravines slope amain,

Torrents, methinks, that heard a mighty voice,
And stopped at once amid their maddest plunge!
Motionless torrents! silent cataracts!

Who made you glorious as the gates of Heaven
Beneath the keen full moon ? Who bade the sun
Clothe you with rainbows? Who with living flowers
Of loveliest blue spread garlands at your feet?-

VIII.

"God!" let the torrents, like a shout of nations, Answer: and let the ice-plains echo, " God!" "God!" sing, ye meadow-streams, with gladsome voice! Ye pine-groves, with your soft and soul-like sounds! And they, too, have a voice, yon piles of snow, And, in their perilous fall, shall thunder, "God!"

IX.

Ye living flowers that skirt the eternal frost!
Ye wild goats sporting round the eagle's nest!
Ye eagles, playmates of the mountain-storm!
Ye lightnings, the dread arrows of the clouds!
Ye signs and wonders of the elements !

Utter forth" God!" and fill the hills with praise.

X.

Thou, too, hoar mount, with thy sky-pointing peaks,
Oft from whose feet the avalanche, unheard,
Shoots downward, glittering through the pure serene
Into the depth of clouds, that veil thy breast,

Thou, too, again, stupendous mountain! thou
That as I raise my head, awhile bowed low
In adoration, upward from thy base

Slow traveling with dim eyes suffused with tears
Solemnly seemest, like a vapory cloud,
To rise before merise, O ever rise!
Rise, like a cloud of incense, from the earth!
Thou kingly spirit, throned among the hills,
Thou dread ambassador from earth to heaven,
Great hierarch! tell thou the silent sky,
And tell the stars, and tell yon rising sun,
Earth, with her thousand voices, praises God.

LXX.

THE ORATORY OF GRATTAN.

MADDEN.

In CONTEMPORARY, CONTRARY, HEREDITARY, ORATORY, heed remarks, § 29; in OBSCURITY, PURIFY, § 11; in ENERGY, EXERCISE, LIBERTY, PROPERTY, GOVERNMENT, §7; pronounce OLIGARCHY, ol'i-gark-y, BROUGHAM, broom.

See in Index, GENIUS, IMAGERY, VAUNT, GRATTAN, MADDEN.

Delivery. See remarks, § 48, on the descriptive and narrative styles. In several places the language rises into emotional warmth, and should be read with corresponding animation.

1. OF all the great Parliamentary orators whose speeches have been preserved, those of Grattan are most worthy of perusal by the reflective and the studious. He may have been surpassed in Parliamentary eloquence by some, and in political philosophy by others of his contemporaries; but none of them, like Grattan, addressed at the same time two distinct classes of persons, namely, the audience before him, and a certain higher tribunal of the thoughtful few, whom he always kept before his mind's eye.

2. The mere critic may note many blemishes of style throughout his speeches; may often be justly displeased

with incongruous metaphors, with vehemence tending to the bombastic, and with an excessive use of epigram and antithesis. But, admitting that Grattan's speeches contain faults which are interwoven with their beauties, enough of excellence will remain to win the admirers of intellect and genius.

3. "His eloquence," said a distinguished living poet, "was a combination of cloud, whirlwind, and flame," a striking description of the partial obscurity, but startling energy and splendor of his style. "No orator of his age," says Lord Brougham, "is his equal in the easy and copious flow of most profound, sagacious, and liberal principles, enunciated in terse and impressive, but most appropriate language."

4. The speeches of Pitt and Sheridan seem to us in the reading as so much rhetoric. Fox's orations were made to be spoken, and not to be read. Burke had two distinct styles, one grave and didactic, as in his American speeches (which are spoken essays), when he wearied his hearers, though he delighted his readers; -in the other style he was diffuse, and essentially rhetorical.

5. But Grattan blended two styles into one, and dazzled those who listened to him, while he spoke so as to instruct and delight posterity. He was never surpassed for the union of philosophical pith and oratorical energy. The thinking power to be found in his speeches, combined with his vivid imagery, the richness of his language, and the impassioned spirit pervading it, form their distinctive characteristics.

6. But oratory is valuable only as an instrument. There was a MIND in Grattan, a moral power far more valuable than the vaunted art of the public speaker. In addition to a wonderful imagination, nature had given him a strong and clear understanding, which he vigorously exercised on most of the great questions in ethics and politics.

7. He read the best and deepest authors on political science, and pondered much on their principles. This habit he carried too far for a man of action; for he became somewhat too professional and didactic in his public life; and he occasionally fell short of the wants of the age, by refusing to be an energetic leader, and assuming the part of an impassioned essayist.

8. He was the first powerful assertor, as he is certainly the most splendid illus'trator, of Irish genius. He was the first Irishman who treated of Irish politics on a grand scale, with breadth of view and liberal judgment. In an age of Protestant prejudice, he bravely unfurled the standard of religious liberty.

9. When he pleaded for the Catholic there was no popularity to be gained by such a course. On the contrary, he injured his influence by his adoption of the Catholic cause. He was not, like certain statesmen, content to have his views in favor of the Catholics made known merely he labored also, by his pen,- his tongue

by personal exertion, and by political sacrifices of power and popularity, to have those views prevail over the public mind.

10. There may have been those who loved the Protestant nation of Ireland, and who served it more zealously than Grattan. So also there may have been pātriots who loved the Catholics more enthusiastically; but never surely did any Irishman, before or since, love both nations with so much affection. Never did any Irishman toil with such ardor for the best and most enduring interests of both.

11. For though he boldly defended the interests of property against revolution and anarchy, he vindicated also the liberties of the Catholic against the sordid pride and selfishness of an ungenerous oligarchy. His pātriotism made no unhappy distinctions between religious creeds or hereditary races. He wished for the happiness of all Irishmen. He was free from the Protes

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