once two powerful enemies upon their hands, as
n as they saw themselves freed from the war with
Macedonians, began to open their minds more
ely to him, and let him know, that he must quit
cities of Asia, which had [f] belonged to Philip
Ptolemy: that he must suffer the Grecian towns
enjoy their liberty; and that he must no longer at-
pt to enter Europe, or bring an army thither.
g] This prince, of his own disposition sufficiently
lined to war, was farther induced to it by the earnest
icitations of the Etolians, [h] and the advice of
annibal, who had retired into his dominions, ever
ce the Romans, who were informed of his carrying
private intrigues and intelligence with the king of
ia, had, against the opinion of Scipio, required the
rthaginians to deliver up that implacable enemy of
me, who could not suffer peace, and would infalli-
cause the ruin of his country. [i] Antiochus pub-
y declared himself at last, marched his troops into

eece and took several cities.

[k] The Romans then, who had long been in ex-
ctaion of this event, declared war against him in
m, having first consulted the gods upon the success
the enterprise, and implored their assistance by
blic prayers and sacrifices.

Hannibal advised, in a general council held upon
is occasion, that Antiochus should immediately fit
t his fleet, and land a body of troops in Italy, which
offered to command in person, whilst the king
ould remain in Greece with his army, always mak-
47
a shew of intending to pass thither, and being con-
antly in actual readiness to do so, when it should be

[e] Liv. lib. 33. n. 44, 45..

[f] Lib. 34. n. 58. g] Ib. n. 6o. &c.

[b] Lib. 35. n. 19.

[i] Ib. n. 42.

[k] Lib. 36. n, 1, &c.

firs

two

aga fere

ente

win with

ener

T

His t not a

upon

city
brisk
Asia.
[m]
Læliu

to ser would provin sal wa persua

greate than t reques

consen

ed und

The prepare first

ne

through

Liv

have been of more use to him than all his armies.

Besides, this prince, prematurely puffed up by the first success of his arms, and forgetting at once the two great projects he had formed, of making war against the Romans, and delivering Greece, [] suffered himself to be carried away by a passion he had entertained for a young woman at Chalcis, passed the winter quarter in that city, in celebrating his nuptials with great feasts and rejoicings, and by that means enervated the strength and courage of his troops.

The following campaign shewed the effects of it. His troops, emasculated by luxury and pleasure, were not able to stand before the Romans, but were beaten upon several occasions. The king himself flying from city to city, and country to country, and always briskly pursued, was at last obliged to return into Asia. And his fleet had no better success by sea.

[m] The next year Lucius Cornelius Scipio, and C. Lælius were chosen consuls. Scipio Africanus offered o serve as lieutenant under his brother, in case they would assign Greece to him, without disposing of the provinces by lot, according to custom. This propo al was joyfully received by the people, who were fully ersuaded that the victorious Scipio would be of greater service to the consul and the Roman army, han the conquered Hannibal to Antiochus. His equest was therefore granted by an almost universal onsent, and five thousand old soldiers who had servd under him, followed him as volunteers.

The effect answered their expectation. The consul repared to carry the war into Asia. [n] But it was rst necessary to be assured of Philip's dispositions, rough whose country the army was to pass. They [/] Liv. lib. xxxvi. n. 11. [n] Ib. n. 7.

found him in a very good disposition. He supplied the troops with all necessary refreshments, and took particular care to treat the generals and officers with a royal magnificence. He accompanied them not only into Macedonia, but into Thrace, and as far as the Hellespont.

[o] Antiochus took a great deal of pains to draw over Prusias king of Bithynia to his interest, by making him apprehensive that Scipio's conquests might hereafter be dangerous to himself; [p] and represented to him that the design of the Romans was to destroy all the kingdoms of the earth, and establish an universal empire. The letters of the two Scipios, which were given into his hand at the same time, and the arrival of the Roman embassador, who came very opportunely, whilst he was in suspence, made a greater impression upon him than the reasons and promises of Antiochus. He saw plainly, that an alliance with the Romans was the most secure and useful step he could take, and concluded it immediately.

[q] The several shocks that Antiochus had received both by sea and land, made him seriously incline to peace. [r] The magnanimity of Scipio Africanus, his moderation after his victories in Spain and Africa the high degree of glory to which he had attained and with which he had reason to be satisfied, mad him hope that by his means the negotiation might be carried on with the greater facility. Besides, he ha this general's son in his hands, who probably had bee taken prisoner in some engagement, and offered to giv him back to his father without a ransom, if the peac were concluded. The Romans, who never abate any thing in the conditions they had once proposed kept close to those they had offered the king at th

[0] Liv. lib. xxxvii. n. 2.5. [] Venire eos ad omnia regna tollenda, ut nullum usquam orbis terrarum nisi Romanum imperium

esset. Ib.

[9] Ib. n. 34-36.

[7] In Scipione Africano maxi

mam spem habebat ; præterqua quòd & magnitudo animi, & sati tas gloriæ placabilem eum maxin faciebat: notumque erat gentib qui victor ille in Hispaniâ, qui d inde in Africâ fuisset, 1b. n. 3.

commanding officer, he must expect nothing from him; and lastly, the sole counsel he could give him as a friend, was to renounce the war, and refuse none of the conditions of peace that were offered him.

[s] The Romans marched several days. The king was encamped at Thyatira, and learning that Scipio Africanus was left sick at Elea, he sent back his son to him. [t] The joy of once more seeing a son whom he tenderly loved, made no less impression on the body than the mind of the father. After he had long held him in his embraces, and satisfied his affection: 'Go, says he, to the deputies, assure the king of my gratitude, and tell him, that for his present I can 'give him no other mark of it, than by advising him 'not to fight till my return to the camp."

[u] In the mean time, the consul was daily adancing, and at last came up with the army of An iochus. The king kept several days in his camp, not aring to hazard a battle. The winter was approachng, and the consul apprehensive lest the victory should scape out of his hands. Seeing therefore his troops ull of ardour, he led them against the enemy. The attle was long and obstinate, but the victory at last urned entirely on the side of the Romans. The king ost that day fifty thousand foot, and four thousand orse, without reckoning the prisoners; he retreated n disorder with the few troops which were left him, rst to Sardis, and then to Apamea. This victory as followed by the surrender of the strongest cities. f Asia.

[x] Deputies soon after arrived from Antiochus, ith orders to accept of such conditions of peace, as

[s] Liv. lib. xxxvii. n. 37.
[Non solum animo patrio gra-

m munus, sed corpori quoque

lubre gaudium fuit. Ib. n. 37,

[u] Lib. xxxviii. n. 38,-44.

the Romans should please to lay upon him. These were the same as had been offered from the beginning, that the king should give up all that he possessed in Europe, with all the cities he had in Asia on this side mount Taurus which should henceforward be the 'boundary of his kingdom; that he should pay the Roman people fifteen thousand Euboic talents, for the expences of the war, and four thousand to king Eumenes; but first of all, that he should give up Hanhibal, without which the Romans would hearken to no proposals. This treaty was confirmed at Rome. [y] The honour of a triumph was granted to Lucius Scipio, and he took the surname of Asiaticus.

THE END AND DEATH OF SCIPIO.

[*] Though Scipio had shewed so much integrity and disinterestedness in the war with Antiochus, he was notwithstanding accused of having held intelligence with that prince. Some time after his return to Rome, the two Petillii, tribunes of the people, brought an accusation against him upon this score: They said that Antiochus had sent him back his son without a ransom, and made court to him as to one who decided every thing at Rome in respect to peace and war; that in the province he rather behaved with the authority of a dictator, than the submission of a lieutenant: that his motive in going to the war, was to persuade Greece, Asia, and all the people of the east, that one man alone was the prop and support o the empire, which he had before made known to Spain, Gaul, Sicily, and Africa. [a] That Rome the mistress of the world, owed its glory and securit to Scipio: that a single word of his mouth had mor authority than the degrees of the senate or the order of the people and lastly, finding no particular of hi

[y] Liv. lib. xxxxiii. n. 58. [z] Ib. n. 50,-53.

[a] Unum hominem caput coJumenque Romani Imperii esse; sub

umbrà Scipionis civitatem dominan

orbis terrarum latere; nutus ej pro decretis patrum, pro populi ju sis esse. Infamiâ intactum, invidi qua possunt, urgent, Ib. n. 51.