this article to the Roman Catholics was meant, with the wrecked corporations are the immediate no doubt, to be respectful; but the term “Rom- results of these crimes. For five years Chace ish” has been so long used as a term of reproach, had been freely using the money of his company that it always has something of the force of a in his own private speculations; and Hathaway sneer or a hiss. It is the simple dictate of Chris- had been practicing, with very indifferent success, tian courtesy to apply to the members of any the methods of the Credit Mobilier. More than religious body the name by which they wish to a million dollars has been embezzled by these be known.

two men. Yet these men were only the TreasThe doctors have been experimenting with

urers of their companies. Over them were music upon the maniacs of Blackwell's Island. Boards of Directors whose business it was to Mr. J. N. Pattison, the pianist, furnished the know all the financial affairs of the corporations. music; and the effect of it was to excite some of

If they had done their duty this crime could not the patients, and to soothe others. The Tribune have been committed. Of course the directors tells of one woman who had been in a raving con

being stockholders are punished for their neglect, dition for months, and who was brought into the

but there are stockbilders who were not directors, room in great excitement:

and these have a right to feel that the directors “For several minutes she sat rigid and motion- are, to an important degree, participes criminis. less, gazing at the instrument. "Gradually the The undertaking of the Communists “to break wild look melted out of her eyes, and an ex- up all corporations” is likely to be superfluous. pression of intelligence stole over her features. The corporations will destroy themselves and The Irish jig, which affected her companion unfavorably, moved her to smiles, and a few negro

that speedily, unless there is more vigilance and melodies caused the moisture to gather in her fidelity in their boards of trust. eyes. Dr. Strew spoke to her, and much to his surprise she answered him sweetly. She asked The attempt of some good people in Pennsylfor ‘Home, Sweet Home,' which was played for vania to make cremation an indictable offence is her. She answered several questions with apparent sanity, although for months before she had

not judicious. Without doubt it is inspired by a not given an intelligent answer to any question. religious sentiment. The doctrine of the resurThe music, which had so powerful an effect in rection of the body, as it is understood by many, rousing her mental faculties, seemed, however, is set at naught by the process of cremation. to weaken her body. She was seized with nervous tremors and went out weak and trembling They cannot understand how a body that has from excitement."

been burned can be " raised” again. But it WHEN ten thousand Socialists in Berlin 'follow should be remembered that Providence has perone of their leaders to his grave; when news

mitted the burning of many good Christians in comes that in several of the cities of our land

one kind of conflagration or another, and if there the Communists, by thousands, are organizing and is a resurrection for these, there surely may be drilling in the manual of arms; when we learn for those whose bodies are barned after death. thit the head-quarters of the International is in A very little knowledge of chemical laws would New York, and that a deliberate attempt is mak- also make it plain that the physical difficulties in ing to overthrow our political system, it may well the way of the resurrection are no greater in the be asked whither we are tending. The pro

case of the bodies that are burned than in the case gramme of the Socialists is not a very definite

of those that are buried. There is, however, a one, but it is sufficiently extensive.

sentimental objection to burning the dead tbat going to organize a social and political revolu- will not easily be overcome. For most people tion,” says their leader in San Francisco. “We there is a sad pleasure in connecting the memory have the power in our hands. ...

of their dead with some definite locality. In keep ing to break up all corporations. We will insisting the grave they keep the remembrance green. on equal taxation, and if we get our governor we

Their affection finds expression in beautifying will arm all the citizens. We will assess the the places where they have placed the bodies of State of California a couple million dollars.” those whom they have lost. Love as well as rev. About five thousand persons, all enthusiastic in

“ We are

We are go

with men as students in this university; they are and independent use of its power.” But all this, represented on the Board of Trustees, and in the of course, he must say. The significant thing is faculties of three of the Schools. But the School that he only gives three or four lines to a topic on of Liberal Arts does not enjoy the services of any which Pius would have expended a solid column. woman as instructor, and the Trustees are ready It is evident that he means to keep out of politics, to engage that if the requisite fund for a profes- and devote himself to the spiritual concerns of sorship in this department shall be raised, they his Church. will apply the income of it from year to year to DISRAELI seems bound to fight. He cannot the support of a suitable woman, who shall have hold his office if he does not, and he is too ambithe same official rights and privileges as other tious to retire humiliated from the Government. members of the faculty. What this professor is So he has managed to stir up an intense war feelto teach we do not learn-womanhood, possibly; ing in England; the preparations for fighting are as that is a branch of education somewhat neg. going on with great vigor, and it is doubtful, lected. But there are plenty of women who now, whether a conflict can be averted. But it are abundantly competent to teach the highest will be a wicked and needless war, and ought to branches that are taught in the Boston Univer bring everlasting disgrace upon those for sity; and while the proposition of Mrs. Claflin, seltish reasons, have pushed England into it. Miss Phelps, and their associates on the com

The authorship of “ Philochristus," mentioned mittee is creditable to their philanthropy, the

in another place, was a secret that would not acceptance of it on the part of the Trustees indicates at once their liberality and their shrewd keep. Another book of the same author, “Through

Nature to Christ,"—is so much like this in its

point of view that the critics were quickly put on The Pope's first allocution is a temperate and the right scent. The author is the Rev. Edwin sensible document. True, he laments the condi- A. Abbott, head master of the City of London tion of civil society, and especially of the Apos- School,-a clergyman of the English Church and tolic See, "which," he says, “despoiled by vio- a late Hulsean lecturer. The other book to which lence of its temporal power, has been reduced to we have referred was written to prove that Christ such a state that it cannot enjoy the full, free is a proper object of worship.

ness.

LITERATURE.

THERE is yet no sign of an end to the making relation to Professor Seeley is likely to be a of books about Jesus of Nazareth. After all that thinker and a scholar; and that his treatment of has been written on this theme, a new biography, Christianity and of its Founder will exhibit an or even a fresh critical essay, if fairly done, has open mind and a devout feeling. about as clear a guaranty of sale as a new novel. Philochristus is the name assumed by one of With much less of heralding than has been vouch- the seventy disciples of Christ; and the book pur safed it, “Philochristus "l would, therefore, have ports to be a memorial of the life of this disciple, had a fair promise of a wide reading: the popu- committed to writing by himself about fifty years larity that is pretty sure to overtake it will be after the death of Christ. In the prefatory episdue, however, not wholly to its theme nor to the tle Philochristus tells “the saints of the Church way in which it has been brought before the pub- in Londinium," for whom his memoirs were prelic, but to its own merits. Of all the lives of pared, that he had long been minded to make Christ that have been written it is really one of some record of the life of Christ; but that when the most notable.

Such is the simple machinery of this book; and “My son, thou knowest the sayings of the Elders, its adaptation to the writer's purpose soon be the first of the sayings of the Wise: Be deliberate comes manifest. The story of the life of Philo- in judgment, and raise up many disciples, and christus first sets before us in a series of vivid make a fence to the Law. But thou, my son, pictures something of the social and religious con- wouldst fain pull down fences. But if we begin dition of the Jewish people at the time of Christ's to destroy a part of the Law who shall stay the coming. Just as Mrs. Charles has shown us in the hand of the destroyer ? And in the end we shall “Schonberg-Cotta Family” what the people of be as the Gentiles which have no law. Is it not Germany were thinking of and hoping for before better to be too careful rather than to be too carethe Reformation, so the author of “Philochris- less? Is it not better to have too many fences tus" has set before us the inner life of devout rather than to have too few?” This is not an Jews at the time of the advent. The false Christs imaginary argument, for all the sayings of the that were constantly arising to the hope of the Scribes quoted in this book are taken from their enslaved people; the strenuous faith with which, own writings. And there is a melancholy inter in spite of one failure after another, they still est in finding that à plea so familiar was urged clung to the expectation of a Redeemer; the bur- so long ago in behalf of such a cause, and in densomeness of the Law with the refinements and knowing that in all the ages of the world ideas traditions of the Scribes, and the growing feeling and institutions that have become a burden and that a righteousness better than this tedious ob- a curse have been protected behind just this line servance must be revealed, -all this in the sim- of defense by sincere and devout men. ple narrative of this little book is made distinct The coming of John the Baptist, and the conand real. The manner in which the law was nection of his work both with the patriotic and made of none effect by the traditions of the elders with the religious expectations of his countrymen is clearly shown. The law limiting a Sabbath are set before us in a strong light by the narraday's journey to two thousand paces was evaded tive of Philochristus, who soon becomes one of by the Scribes after this manner: “On the even- John's disciples. The teaching of John makes ing before the Sabbath they would place small the way of life plainer him, but while he pieces of meat distant two thousand paces from is pondering the words of the Forerunner he is each other, on the road whereon they desired to summoned to Alexandria, where he hears a great journey. Where a man's meat is, said they, there debate between the Epicurean and the Stoic phiis his home. So when they were come in their losophers that greatly unsettles his faith, and journeying to the first piece of meat they would where, for the resolving of his doubts, he seeks say, 'Now I am at my home, and may walk yet the instruction of Philo. All this part of the naranother two thousand paces.' And so walking rative is only dramatized history; for the disfrom this home to other homes if need were, they courses of the Epicureans and the Stoics as well walked as far as they listed. This mixing of dis- as the conversations of Philo are carefully gathtances they called erubh or 'mixture,' and the ered from the ancient writings. But it serves to device remaineth unto this day." Not only the show us what preparation was made in the minds insincerity but the inhumanity of the Scribes bad of many devout and scholarly Jews for the doc begun to be felt as a grievous burden by many of

trine of Christ-to indicate the way in which the the people. Philochristus was sitting one Sab- soil was made ready for the planting of the good bath day upon a house-roof at Capernaum when seed of the kingdom. a Greek merchant begged to be allowed to cross In the perplexity and despair that have sprung the water to Bethsaida where his boy was dying. from baffled hopes and contradictory teachings But the devout inhabitants threatened to stone and unsatisfied yearnings, Philochristus at length the sailors if they launched a boat before the sun

betakes himself to Jesus of Nazareth whose fame went down, and the poor man, distracted by his as a teacher and prophet is rapidly growing, and grief,was not allowed to go to the death-bed of his whose power in the healing of a demoniac he has

Such a subordination of humanity to a already witnessed. His first meeting with the cumbersome ritual, when coupled with the hypoc- Savior, the instant surrender of his thought and risy which ritualism always engenders, had life to Him who in this narrative everywhere apcaused many of the more ingenuous and upright pears as "the Wonderful, the Counselor," are Jews to question the authority of the Scribes and described with great delicacy and power. Jesus the obligation of the commandments laid down goes home with his new disciple and heals his by them. Such questionings were denounced, of mother of a grievous illness that very night. course, by the more bigoted of the teachers as From this hour the bond of fellowship is never little short of blasphemy, and were discouraged broken. by the holiest among them with that argument of The narrative of the Savior's life is of course conservatism which is so familiar in these days. largely a paraphrase of the synoptic Gospels; To some urgent inquiries of Philochristus, Jona- though is thrown from many sources upon than, the son of Ezra answered in a gentle voice: the New Testament story. The supernatural element in the Gospels is by no means eliminated; rather than John, who in the conversation of the in the healing of demoniacs, especially, is the disciples, shows the deepest spiritual insight. obvious meaning of the sacred record most clearly Quartus, the Alexandrian, presumably the one to endorsed. There are, however, portions of this whom Paul makes reference in his letter to the record in which a natural or a spiritual turn is Romans, is also a prominent character; and it is given to a miraculous story. For example; the in his mouth that most of the rationalizing argufeeding of the five thousand is described as the ments are put. ministering of the “Bread of Life” to the multi- The book will be regarded by many conservatude. The people were separated into fifties and tive theological teachers as a dangerous one, and bundreds anıl taught rather than fed by the dis- this not so much because it withholds from Jesus ciples. So, also, the drowning of the swine after Christ the honor which they think belongs to him, the healing of the Gadarene demoniac is repre- a3 because it implies a theory of inspiration that sented as part of the hallucination of the demo- does not consist with theirs. The person of our niac himself. He thought himself possessed of Lord it invests with the highest sacredness, but the devil in the form of a legion of swine; and the materials of the New Testament Scriptures it when the Savior spoke to him he said that “he treats with great freedom. It is, however, plain saw the three thousand swine go forth and run, that it is the work of a reverent and scholarly first upward, and then violently down from the writer, whose thorough familiarity with Jewish cliff, even to the abyss.” Such a treatment of literature and with the history of the time when the Gospel narratives indicates no lack of faith our Lord was on the earth, have enabled him to in the supernatural, but presupposes a view of throw much light upon the story of the Savior's inspiration quite unlike that usually entertained life and death. There is no trace of affectation by Orthodox Christians.

in the archaism of the narrative, and no note of The fond and eager expectations of his disciples pedantry in the scholarship that illuminates its that Jesus would redeem the Jewish people from pages; but the artless story will be read with dethe Roman bondage, and their impatience at his light even by those who do not assent to all its long delay, as well as the enmity of the Jewish implications. hierarchs and its causes are vividly brought before us. The scenes at the entrance of Jesus into

DR. WHITON takes the opportunity afforded Jerusalem, and the events of his trial, his death, him by the publication of a second edition of his and his resurrection, all gain now distinctness of

treatise on Eternal Punishment to add a preface meaning from the setting here given to them. in which some of the objections to his argument The picture of Jesus is one of great dignity and

are replied to. Chief among these is the statebeauty; those “lineaments of his countenance

ment that if the endless duration of punishment that Philochristus shows us can only bring him is not definitely announced in the Bible, then the nearer to our love.

endless duration of blessedness is not assured, The question will be asked by all “Evangeli- since the same word describes both heaven and cal” readers whether the Jesus of this book is

hell. To this criticism he makes the following divine, in their understanding of that word.

answer: “It is quite one thing to admit (as this Their first impression will be that He is not. For Essay most distinctly admits in Chapter III.), the we find him coming gradually, as it would ap tendency toward permanence that character, pear, to a consciousness of his own character and whether sinful or righteous, always exhibits; and mission; “learning obedience," as the motto on

another thing to assert, dogmatically, that a perthe title page has it, “ from the things which he fect parallel exists between the processes of spirsuffered.” Omniscience does not always seem to

itual life and those of spiritual death; or that the be ascribed to him in this story; though super

unnatural development of sin must be endless, natural power clearly does belong to him. The

because the development of righteousness will be theory of the Kenosis, held by many orthodox endless. If it be antecedently as probable that scholars, by which Christ is represented as hav- God will evermore uphold in being a soul irreing laid aside His omniscience when he came to

coverably involved in the processes of 'æonian earth, would, however, agree with the represen

destruction' (2 Thess. i. 9.) as it is that He will pertation of Him here given. And in the last chap- petuate, according to specific promise (John xiv. ter which describes “How Jesus now ruleth the 19), the immortality of a soul healthfully developworld, sitting on the right hand of the Father in ing the 'wonian life' through Christ; then and Heaven," language is applied to Christ which one

not otherwise the inference of an endless misery who did not believe in His deity could scarcely from an endless happiness may have some rahave used.

tional foundation." In other words: Let it be was one of the daughters of men. Her father granted that the endlessness of heaven is not was Aleemon, the brother of Noah. Seola was affirmed in the Bible. That is a truth that does woed by Hesperus, who stood next in rank to not need affirmation. In the nature of things Lucifer, the prince of the Devas. Lucifer bad virtue is immortal. “The glory of going on" is slain her father, and won her mother; but Seola part of her dower. Sin, on the other hand, is withstood the blandishments of Hesperus, and naturally self-destructive. The tendency of the kept her allegiance to the Almighty. There are soul that sins is toward extinction. Knowing great and marvelous doings in Sippara, the capiwhat we do about virtue and its natural tenden- tal of Lucifer, while he is preparing for the corocies and about God's relation to it, we could not nation of his new queen. Just outside the city, believe that a perfectly virtuous society would Noah is building his ark, and Seola, who has acever cease to exist. On the other hand, knowing companied her mother to Sippara, makes the what we do about sin and its natural results, and acquaintance of her cousin Japhet, yet unwedded. about the relation of God to sin, we could not be- The cup of the iniquity of Lucifer and his realm lieve, unless it was expressly revealed to us, that now being full, steeds of fire and various other a society of which sin was the organizing princi- terrible and eccentric forces are brought in and ple would not come to an end. In the absence of the Devas are exterminated. After them comes any definite statement in the Bible, therefore, the deluge to swallow up their progeny; not, there would be an overwhelming probability of however, before Seola has been rescued and carthe endlessness of heaven, and no probability ried off to the ark by her cousin Japhet, where whatever of the endlessness of hell. If the Bible she becomes his bride and makes one of the memdoes reveal the fact that hell is endless that of orable company that outride the flood. course, settles the matter with those who accept The author mentions in his notes the names of the Bible as authority; but the inference to many modern interpreters who accept his exegewhich Dr. Whiton replies is not valid, as he sis of the passage in Genesis about the sons of clearly shows. The question which Dr. Wbiton God and the daughters of men; among them, considers in this little book is, “What does the Tholuck, Twesten, Nitzsch, Delitsch, Chancellor Bible teach concerning the duration of punish- Crosby of New York and Professor Mead of Anment?” The ethical argument is fundamental, dover. Though the conceptions of the writer are as Dr. Porter has shown; but the Scriptural argu- somewhat crude, and his colors are laid on as ment is also important; and while many of our with a whitewash brush, yet the enthusiasm with readers will not agree with Dr. Whiton in his in- which the work is done will make an impression terpretation of the Bible, none of them can fail upon many minds. to admire the candor and moderation with which his argument is conducted.

The series of choice autobiographies which Mr.

Howells is editing is among the most valuable of “A FANTASY revealed to the writer while listen the current publications. The record made by a ing to the performance of an extraordinary musi- man of note of his own life and times is apt to be cal composition"-such, according to the author's instructive reading; and the republication of a own account, is “Seola."! We are ready to believe judicious selection from the autobiographies that that the performance which could have inspired have become classic was a happy thought. It such a production was extraordinary. The pre- would be hard to find any one whose judgment Jude to the “Creation," one of Strauss's waltzes, in such a selection it would be safer to trust than a scrap of a symphony of Saint Saens, and Wag- that of Mr. Howells. Each of these neat volner's Centennial March, all played simultaneously umes contains also a critical and biographical in a small room, might have given birth to this essay by the editor, in which the sequel of the “fantasy.” The book is not destitute of imagin- writer's history is given, together with much addiation, and the notes exhibit some curious learn- tional material illustrating his life, and many ing; but the imagination runs wild, and the pertinent and suggestive comments. None of the materials are thrown together in grotesque disor- personages who tell their own stories could have der. The theory on which the book is based is desired to fall into the hands of a more just or a derived from a familiar exegesis of Gen. vi., in more genial commentator. which the marriage of the “sons of God” with The first of these biographies, filling two volthe “ daughters of men” is narrated. These