13. Suppose a property owner refuses to pay his tax, what is the result? 14. Define sinking fund. What institutions maintain such a fund? Should an endowed college attempt it? 15. Give an example of the legislative power of a city. Specify the method of enacting ordinances. 16. Who is eligible as a member of a city council? 17. As a citizen of a town what should be your attitude toward serving on the council? 18. What constitutes the executive department of a municipality? Give an example of executive power. 19. Has the executive any legislative function? Explain your answer. 20. Why is the mayor of a city held morally responsible in case of a lynching? 21. If a mayor declines to perform his sworn duty, what recourse can be had against him? 22. Indicate a possible conflict of authority between a mayor and the governor. 23. What is the rule of succession in case the mayor is incapacitated? 24. Name the various officers of a municipality and specify the duties of each. 25. Distinguish the department of public service from the department of public safety. 26. In a municipality, who makes the estimates of the amount of revenue needed for current expenses? 27. What constitutes the judicial department of a city? Give examples of this function. 28. How would you proceed to incorporate a village? 29. Name the legislative, executive, and judicial departments of a village government. 30. Distinguish between municipal initiative and municipal referendum and explain the application of each. 31. What is municipal home rule and when and how was it created? 32. Give the three forms of local self-government. 33. What must a city do in order to adopt one of these plans of government? 34. Explain the Commission Plan. Explain the City Manager Plan. Explain the Federal Plan. 35. When may a city abandon the plan under which it is operating? 36. Is a municipality required to adopt any one of the forms of local self-government ? 37. How may an elective officer of a municipality be removed from office? 38. Can such officer be removed at any time? CHAPTER VI THE STATE GOVERNMENT 103. State Benevolent Institutions. The altruistic activities of the state find an outlet in the administration of the various benevolent institutions. Ohio supports the following institutions for the unfortunate: Deaf and Dumb Institution, Columbus Ohio Tuberculosis Sanitarium, Mt. Vernon Girls' Industrial School, Delaware Homes for the Friendless, in many counties of the state 1. Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, Xenia 2. Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Sandusky 3. Home of Ohio Soldiers, Madison Hospitals for the Insane 1. Cleveland State Hospital, Cleveland 5. Athens State Hospital, Athens 8. Lima State Hospital, Lima 104. Control of Institutions. These various institutions are under the general supervision of a board known as the board of administration, composed of four persons who are appointed by the governor for a term of four years, in such a manner as to require the appointment of one member each year. The board must be nonpartisan, and is presided over by the governor as an ex officio member. The large expenditure in this state for the care of the unfortunate indicates the great sympathetic heart of the Ohio people. Besides the state institutions of a charitable character, there are numerous institutions supported by counties, others by cities, and still others by the townships. 105. Penal Institutions. The penal institutions are not established primarily for the same purpose as are the charitable institutions. They carry with them the idea of punishment as well as that of prevention and reform. These are the State Penitentiary at Columbus and the State Reformatory at Mansfield. In addition, each county maintains a jail, and most municipalities have a place of detention. Since the organization of the penitentiary in 1815, 39,374 prisoners have been received. From October 15, 1908, to October 15, 1909, 788 prisoners were received. The number confined in the institution at the last-named date was 1615, and of these 222 were life prisoners. Since the expenditure for the support of the penal institutions of the state and counties is very large, it should be the duty of every citizen of the state to do all within his power to lessen this burden. 106. Paternalism in Supervision of Industries. Paternalism in state and nation has a much firmer footing than the average citizen realizes. It characterizes the laws which regulate hotels in the interest of safety, the height of buildings, the coupling of railroad cars, and those which fix a minimum rate of fare to be charged by railroads and limit the employees of railroads to persons capable of reaching a high degree of efficiency. Of a paternalistic nature also are the laws limiting the entrance to professions to such persons as can pass a stated examination, and those requiring licenses for operating engines, running automobiles, or engaging in the plumbing business. Laws regulating trade — forbidding combinations in restraint of trade and those which offer to sell options fall in this category. The pure-food agitation and the powers intrusted to the food and dairy commissioner are evidences of this influence. 107. Protective Office of State. In Ohio much attention has been given to the agencies of protection. The state has limited the conveyance of certain lands by fixing a minimum price. While the principle of private ownership is recognized everywhere, the state exercises a superior right in the collection of taxes and the enforcement of the principle of eminent domain. By the latter right the state is enabled to provide for public parks and reservoirs, and to protect forest reserves through a bureau created for the purpose. Authority is exercised to compel owners of lands to destroy noxious weeds and, through a system of inspection, to protect trees and orchards from pests, either native or imported. The same authority provides against danger from diseased live stock shipped into the state or kept within its bounds. Cattle, sheep, and other live stock found diseased by certain maladies are ordered slaughtered. The state exercises a kind of control of the farming industry by the establishment of an experimental school at Wooster, and by recommending branch schools in various parts of the state. It also conducts institutes in the interest of the farmer, and furnishes, through the State University's aid, every facility for emphasizing the importance of agriculture. |