THE principles of this work are so well known, and have received the approbation of so many learned members of our National Church, that it appears totally unnecessary to enter into any exhibition of them on completing the thirteenth volume of our labours. We cannot, however, remain silent, when the dangers which we have repeatedly noticed and described, are inCreasing in strength and number, and pressing on all sides upon the Ecclesiastical Establishments of the united kingdom.

There is a melancholy torpor within the walls which has proved more effectual to the enemies of our Faith, than all the weight of their own talents or the combined accession of new allies. This indifference has tamely left the interest of the Church to the care and wisdom of statesmén, and to the fostering protection of provisional statutes, many of which are scarcely understood by the framers themselves, and most of them are treated with contempt and evaded with impunity. In such an order of things the "Church is considered as the Creature of the State," and its spiritual Consitution, Independence, and Privileges, are qualified, conceded, and forgotten.

The liberality of churchmen, for under that term the spirit of indifference has been fatally disguised, has increased the general evil, and multiplied the dangers to which we are exposed. When the pernicious maxim arose that sincerity constitutes the whole of religion, it was eagerly embraced as a convenient.principle, uniting in one bond the

professors of truth and the broachers of errour, and making orthodoxy and heresy equally acceptable to GoD and useful to man.

Where so little regard has been had to PRINCIPLES in RELIGION and UNITY in the CHURCH, it would be folly to wonder at the prevalence of Infidelity and the increase of Sectaries. The cause has been explained; and it is obvious to the plainest understanding that there is no other way of effectually checking the evil but by maintaining the pure principles of our Protestant Establishment, and opposing Schism and Heresy, by adhering closely and defending boldly the "CHURCH of God, which is the pillar and ground of the Truth."

To stem, as much as possible, the torrent of errour and fanaticism pouring in upon us, was the original design of the Orthodox Churchman's Magazine, and amidst much obloquy and opposition, the conductors of it flatter themselves, they have had some success. Encouraged by this, and especially by the goodness of their cause, and the kindness of their friends and correspondents, they are resolved to persevere in supporting the genuine doctrines of the Gospel, and the constituent principles of the Church. The next volume will assume some alteration in the arrangement, which it is hoped will be approved of by our Subscribers. "A View of primitive Christianity," under the head of "Ecclesiastical Antiquities," will be a leading division; and instead of Extracts, it is intended to give, occasionally, analytical accounts with historical notices of scarce old works in theology.

December 31, 1807.

THE

ORTHODOX CHURCHMAN'S

MAGAZINE AND REVIEW,

FOR JULY, 1807.

Nee habebit Deum Patrem, qui Ecclesiam noluerit habere Matrem. He shall not have God for his Father, who will not have the Church for his Mother. ST. AUGUSTINE.

Biography.

Life of WILLIAM JUXON, LL.D. Archbishop of Canterbury.

AT

T the restoration of Church and State in 1660, there were but nine bishops furviving the perfecution which the order had undergone. Thefe were William Juxon, bifhop of London, William Pierce, hifhop of Bath and Wells, Matthew Wren bishop of Ely, Robert Skinner, bishop of Oxford, William Roberts, bishop of Bangor, John Warner, bishop of Rochester, Biran Duppa, bishop of Salifbury, Henry King, bishop of Chichester, and Accepted Frewen, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. From among thefe, the king ordered that the fee of Canterbury, which had lain vacant fixteen years fince the murder of archbifhop Laud fhould be supplied by tranflating thither the bishop of London.

His life has already been given, vol. vii. pp. 1, 81, and his character vol. xii. p. 279.

Vol. XIII. Churchm. Mag. for July 1807.

This worthy prelate was born at Chichester, of a good family, in 1582, and educated at Merchant Taylor's School, in London, from whence he removed to St. John's college, Oxford, of which he became fellow in 1598. In 1603 he took the degree of bachelor of civil law, being about that time a ftudent of Gray's Inn; but foon after he took orders, and in 1609 was prefented to the vicarage of St. Giles' in Oxford, where he was highly esteemed for his edifying way of preaching. He was alfo fome time rector of Somerton, in Oxfordshire. In 1621 he was elected president of his college, and in the fame year he took his doctor's degree. He ferved the office of vice chancellor in 1626, and the year following was made dean of Worcester. In 1632, he was, through the intereft of bishop Laud, fworn clerk of the clofet to the king, and next year was made bifhop of Hereford, but before his confecration he was removed to the bishoprick of London, on the tranflation of his patron to the metropolitan chair of Canterbury.

66

66

The friendship of the archbishop was manifested in a ftill more extraordinary manner, in procuring for the bishop of London the high office of lord treasurer, on the death of the earl of Portland, in 1635. On this appointment, the archbishop made the following reflection in his diary, "I pray God bless him to carry it fo, that the church may have honour, and the king and the state fervice and contentment by it. And now if the church will not "hold up themfelves under God, I can do no more. But this advancement of the bifhop to that high ftation inftead of proving beneficial to the church, had a contrary effect. As no ecclefiaftic had filled that office fince the reign of Henry the seventh, it naturally excited the jealoufy and refentment of the nobility, and as lord Clarendon fays, it "moft unjustly indifpofed many towards the church itself; which they looked upon as the gulph ready to fwallow all the great offices, there being others in view, of that robe, who were ambitious enough to expect the rest."

It is, however, admitted on all hands that the bishop conducted himself with the greatest prudence and integrity, not only giving fatisfaction to the king, but to the people, which in fuch a period as that, was a matter of the greatest difficulty.

On the breaking out of the great rebellion he fared with his brethren, in being deprived of his bishoprick, with the lands belonging to it, but it is a strong proof of the excel

lence

lence of his character, that he was permitted to keep his eftate of Little Compton in Gloucefterfhire. There he refided for the most part during that violent ftorm which overwhelmed the church and ftate, but he occafionally attended the king, and was prefent at all the treaties between him. and the parliament. Of the confidence which that unfortunate monarch had in his advice, we are told by sir Philip Warwick the following anecdote. "I remember" fays he, "that the kingbeing bufy in dispatching fome letters with his own pen, commanded me to wait on the bishop, and to bring him back his opinion in a certain affair: I humbly prayed his majesty, that I might rather bring him with me, left I fhould not exprefs his majesty's fenfe fully, nor bring back his fo fignificantly, as he meant it; and because there might be need for him farther to explain himself, and left he should not speak freely to me." To which the king replied, "Go, as I bid you, if he will speak freely to any body, he will speak freely to you: This (the king faid) I will fay of him, I never got his opinion freely in my life, but when I had it, I was ever the better for it."

On one occafion it would have been better if the king had followed the counfel of this good prelate, and that was in the cafe of the earl of Strafford. When the most abominable cafuiftry was made ufe of to prevail on the king to pass the bill of attainder against that great man, the bishop of London remained inviolable and inflexible in his integrity, and freely told his majefty that he ought to do nothing unless his confcience was perfectly fatisfied, upon any confideration in the world.

Bishop Juxon attended his royal master in his moft difconfolate condition, and after adminiftering the facrament to him, accompanied him to the fcaffold. The laft word of the king to the bifhop was Remember, and as fomething myfterious was fufpected, the council of regicides queftioned his lordship upon it, to whom he replied "that the king his master bade him carry this fupreme command of his dying father, to the prince his fon and heir, That if ever he was reftored to his crown, he fhould forgive the authors of his death."

At the restoration, bishop Juxon had the honour of placing the crown upon the king's head, and foon after was nominated archbishop of Canterbury, but being very aged and infirm, he was incapable of taking any active part in the affairs of the church.