Poetic Rhythm: An IntroductionCambridge University Press, 28 сент. 1995 г. - Всего страниц: 274 This is the first introduction to rhythm and meter that begins where students are: as speakers of English familiar with the rhythms of ordinary spoken language, and of popular verse such as nursery rhymes, songs, and rap. Poetic rhythm builds on this knowledge and experience, taking the reader from the most basic questions about the rhythms of spoken English to the elaborate achievements of past and present poets. Terminology is straightforward, the simple system of scansion that is introduced is suitable for both handwriting and computer use, and there are frequent practical exercises. Chapters deal with the elements of verse, English speech rhythms, the major types of metrical poetry, free verse, and the role of sense and syntax. Poetic rhythm will help readers of poetry experience and enjoy its rhythms in all their power, subtlety, and diversity, and will serve as an invaluable tool for those who wish to write or discuss poetry in English at a basic as well as a more advanced level. |
Содержание
The rhythms of poetry a first approach | 1 |
Some basic terms | 3 |
2 Verse | 5 |
4 Meter and metrical verse | 6 |
5 Beat | 9 |
Types of meter | 11 |
1 The poem in general | 12 |
2 Within the poem | 15 |
Summary | 95 |
Syllablestress verse versatility and variation | 97 |
Duple syllablestress meter | 100 |
2 Rising and falling rhythms | 106 |
3 Beats and offbeats demotion and promotion | 108 |
4 Inversion | 115 |
5 Free double offbeats | 125 |
6 Elision | 126 |
Summary | 19 |
The rhythms of spoken English | 21 |
Syllables | 24 |
Stress | 26 |
1 Wordstress | 27 |
2 Phrasal stress | 32 |
Speech rhythms | 35 |
2 Stress groups | 38 |
3 Alternation | 39 |
Summary | 41 |
Dancing language | 43 |
How does language become metrical? | 48 |
The fourbeat rhythm | 53 |
2 Actual and virtual beats | 58 |
Summary | 62 |
Stress verse and strongstress verse counting the beats | 63 |
1 Beats and the scansion of stress verse | 64 |
2 Offbeats | 66 |
3 Demotion | 70 |
4 Promotion | 74 |
5 Quadruple verse | 77 |
6 Duple and triple meters | 80 |
7 Demotion and promotion in triple verse | 82 |
8 Rising and falling rhythms | 85 |
Strongstress meter | 87 |
2 Rap | 90 |
7 Emphatic stress | 131 |
8 Heading and scanning duple syllablestress verse | 134 |
Triple syllablestress meter | 138 |
Footscansion | 140 |
Summary | 144 |
Major types of syllablestress verse | 147 |
Resisting the fourbyfour formation | 153 |
Iambic pentameter | 159 |
2 The movement of fivebeat verse | 162 |
Summary | 165 |
Free verse metrical and rhythmic analysis | 167 |
Metrical analysis | 172 |
Rhythmic analysis | 177 |
Summary | 181 |
Phrasal movement | 182 |
Analyzing phrasal movement in a poem | 190 |
Some basic principles | 200 |
Phrasing in free verse | 202 |
Summary | 209 |
Scansion | 210 |
Singleline scansion | 213 |
Glossary | 216 |
Sources of examples | 226 |
Suggested responses to the exercises | 232 |
Index | 266 |
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
4x4 formation Alexander Pope alternating beats and offbeats beginning chapter demoted stress double-line scansion elision emphatic stress English poetry example falling inversion falling rhythm five-beat verse foot-prosody four four-beat line four-beat verse free double offbeats free verse full stress function function words iambic pentameter iambic verse initial inversion language levels line-ends Lizzie Borden mark means metrical pattern metrical verse monosyllabic occur pause phrasal movement phrasal scansion phrasing poem poet poetic produce pronunciation prose reader rhyme rhythmic figure rising inversion run-on Scan secondary stress sentence sequence single offbeat speech stanza stress groups stress meter stress verse stressed and unstressed stressed beats successive stresses syllable-stress meter syllable-stress verse syntactic break syntax tetrameter tradition triple verse trochaic underlining unstressed syllables usually variations virtual beats virtual offbeat vowel W. B. Yeats W. H. Auden William Shakespeare words X X L X x x x