after the date of such election (or on the following day if such day fall on Sunday) proceed to canvass the votes for all state and district officers and members of the legislature, in the manner provided by the laws of the Territory for canvassing the vote for delegate to Congress, and they shall issue certificates of election to the persons found to be elected to said offices severally, and shall make and file with the secretary of the territory, an abstract certified by them, of the number of votes cast for each person for each of said officers, and of the total number of votes cast in each county.

SEC. 11. The canvassing boards of the several counties shall issue certificates of election to the several persons found by them to have been elected to the several county and precinct offices.

SEC. 12. All officers elected at such election, shall within thirty days after they have been declared elected, take the oath required by this Constitution, and give the same bond required by the law of the Territory to be given in case of like officers of the Territory, district or county, and shall thereupon enter upon the duties of their respective offices; but the legislature may require by law all such officers to give other or further bonds as a condition of their continuance in office.

SEC. 13. All officers elected at such election shall hold their offices until the legislature shall provide by law, in accordance with this Constitution, for the election of their successors, and until such successors shall be elected and qualified.

SEC. 14. The governor-elect of the state, immediately upon his qualifying and entering upon the duties of his office, shall issue his proclamation convening the legislature of the State at the seat of Government, on a day to be named in said proclamation, and which shall not be less than thirty nor more than sixty days after the date of such proclamation. Within ten days after the organization of the legislature, both houses of the legislature shall then and there proceed to elect, as provided by law, two senators of the United States for the State of Idaho. At said election the two persons who shall receive the majority of all votes cast by said senators and representatives, shall be elected as such United States senators, and shall be so declared by the presiding officers of said joint session. The presiding officers of the Senate and House shall issue a certificate to each of said senators, certifying his election, which certificates shall also be signed by the governor and attested by the secretary of state.

SEC. 15. The legislature shall pass all necessary laws to carry into effect the provisions of this Constitution.

SEC. 16. Whenever any two of the judges of the supreme court of the State, elected under the provisions of this Constitution, shall have qualified in their offices, the causes then pending in the supreme court of the Territory, and the papers, records, and proceedings of said court, and the seal and other property pertaining thereto, shall pass into the jurisdiction and possession of the supreme court of the State; and until so superseded, the supreme court of the Territory and the judges thereof shall continue, with like powers and jurisdiction, as if this Constitution had not been adopted. Whenever the judge of the district court of any district elected under the provisions of this Constitution shall have qualified in office, the several causes then pending in the district court of the Territory within any county in such district, and the records, papers, and proceedings of said district court, and the seal and other property pertaining thereto, shall pass into the jurisdiction and possession of the district court of the State for such county; and until the district courts of this Territory shall be superseded in the manner aforesaid, the said district courts and the judges thereof shall continue with the same jurisdiction and power to be exercised in the same judicial districts respectively as heretofore constituted under the laws of the Territory.

SEC. 17. Until otherwise provided by law the seals now in use in the supreme and district courts of this Territory are hereby declared to be the seals of the supreme and district courts, respectively, of the State.

SEC. 18. Whenever this Constitution shall go into effect, the books, records,

and papers, and proceedings of the probate court in each county, and all causes and matters of administration and other matters pending therein, shall pass into the jurisdiction and possession of the probate court of the same county of the State, and the said probate court shall proceed to final decree or judgment, order or other determination in the said several matters and causes as the said probate court might have done as if this Constitution had not been adopted.

SEC. 19. It is ordained by the State of Idaho that perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured, and no inhabitant of said State shall ever be molested in person or property on account of his or her mode of religious worship. And the people of the State of Idaho do agree and declare that we forever disclaim all right and title to the unappropriated public lands lying within the boundaries thereof, and to all lands lying within said limits owned or held by any Indians or Indian tribes; and until the title thereto shall have been extinguished by the United States, the same shall be subject to the disposition of the United States, and said Indian lands shall remain under the absolute jurisdiction and control of the Congress of the United States; that the lands belonging to citizens of the United States, residing without the said State of Idaho, shall never be taxed at a higher rate than the lands belonging to the residents thereof. That no taxes shall be imposed by the state on the lands or property therein, belonging to, or which may hereafter be purchased by the United States, or reserved for its use. And the debts and liabilities of this Territory shall be assumed and paid by the State of Idaho.

That this ordinance shall be irrevocable, without the consent of the United States and the people of the State of Idaho.

SEC. 20. That in behalf of the people of Idaho we, in convention assembled, do adopt the Constitution of the United States.

Done in open convention at Boise City, in the Territory of Idaho, this sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine.

WM. H. CLAGETT, President.

CONSTITUTION OF ILLINOIS-1870.*

PREAMBLE.

We, the People of the State of Illinois-grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political and religious liberty which He hath so long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing upon our endeavors to secure and transmit the same unimpaired to succeeding generations-in order to form a more perfect government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessing of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the State of Illinois.

ARTICLE I.
BOUNDARIES.

The boundaries and jurisdictions of the State shall be as follows, to-wit: Beginning at the mouth of the Wabash river, thence up the same, and with the line of Indiana to the northwest corner of said State; thence east with the line of the same state to the middle of Lake Michigan; thence north along the middle of said lake to north latitude forty-two degrees and thirty minutes, thence west to the middle of the Mississippi river, and thence down along the middle of that river to its confluence with the Ohio river, and thence up the latter river along its northwestern shore to the place of beginhing: Provided, that this State shall exercise such jurisdiction upon the Ohio river as she is now entitled to, or such as may hereafter be agreed upon by this State and the State of Kentucky.

ARTICLE II.

BILL OF RIGHTS.

SECTION 1. All men are by nature free and independent, and have certain inherent and inalienable rights-among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights and the protection of property, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

SEC. 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

SEC. 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination, shall forever be guaranteed; and no person shall be denied any civil or political right, privilege or capacity on account of his religious opinions; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be construed to dispense with oaths or affirmations, excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the State. No person shall be required to attend or support any ministry or place of worship against his consent, nor shall any preference be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of worship.

*The constitution of Illinois was framed by a convention which assembled at Springfield on December 13, 1869, and adjourned on May 13, 1870. The election at which the constitution was submitted to the voters was held on July 2, 1870. The electors were permitted to vote on the adoption or rejection of the constitution as a whole; on sections 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, relating to railroads, in Article XI on corporations; on Article X, concerning counties; on Article XIII, concerning warehouses; on Section 4 of Article X, concerning the removal of county seats by a three-fifths vote of the electors interested; on the section relating to the Illinois Central Railroad; on Sections 7 and 8 of Article IV, concerning minority representation on the section relating to municipal subscriptions to railroads or private corporations: and on the section relating to the Illinois and Michigan Canal. The sections separately submitted became effective on July 2, 1870; the remainder of the constitution became effective on August 8, 1870.

SEC. 4. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all subjects. being responsible for the abuse of that liberty; and in all trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth when published with good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be a sufficient defense.

SEC. 5. The right of trial by jury, as heretofore enjoyed, shall remain inviolate; but the trial of civil cases before justices of the peace, by a jury of less than twelve men, may be authorized by law.

SEC. 6. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue without probable cause, supported by affidavit, particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized.

SEC. 7. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses where the proof is evident or the presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

SEC. 8. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense unless on indictment of a grand jury, except in cases in which the punishment is by fine, or imprisonment otherwise than in the penitentiary, in cases of impeachment, and in cases arising in the army and navy, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger: Provided, that the grand jury may be abolished by law in all cases.

SEC. 9. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to appear and defend in person and by counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have a copy thereof; to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed.

SEC. 10. No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to give evidence against himself, or to be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense.

SEC. 11. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the offense; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate; nor shall any person be transported out of the State for any offense committed within the same.

SEC. 12. No person shall be imprisoned for debt, unless upon refusal to deliver up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law; or in cases where there is strong presumption of fraud.

SEC. 13. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation. Such compensation, when not made by the State, shall be ascertained by a jury, as shall be prescribed by law. The fee of land taken for railroad tracks, without consent of the owners thereof, shall remain in such owners, subject to the use for which it is taken.

SEC. 14. No ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special privilege or immunities. shall be passed.

SEC. 15. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power. SEC. 16. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war except in the manner prescribed by law.

SEC. 17. The people have the right to assemble in a peaceable manner to consult for the common good, to make known their opinions to their representatives, and to apply for redress of grievances.

SEC. 18. All elections shall be free and equal.

SEC. 19. Every person ought to find a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries and wrongs which he may receive in his person, property or reputation; he ought to obtain by law, right and justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it, completely and without denial, promptly and without delay.

SEC. 20. A frequent recurrence to the fundamental principles of civil government is absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty.

ARTICLE III.

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS.

The powers of the government of this State are divided into three dis-' tinct departments-the Legislative, Executive and Judicial; and no person, or collection of persons, being one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others, except as hereinafter expressly directed or permitted.

ARTICLE IV.
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

SECTION 1. The legislative power shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall conist of a Senate and House of Representatives, both to be elected by the people.

ELECTION.

SEC. 2. An election for members of the General Assembly shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, and every two years thereafter. in each county, at such places therein as may be provided by law. When vacancies occur in either house, the Governor, or person exercising the powers of Governor, shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

ELIGIBILITY AND OATH.

SEC. 3. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained the age of 25 years, or a representative who shall not have attained the age of 21 years. No person shall be a senator or representative who shall not be a citizen of the United States and who shall not have been for five years a resident of this State, and for two years next preceding his election a resident within the territory forming the district from which he is elected. Νο judge or clerk of any court, Secretary of State, Attorney General, State's Attorney, Recorder, Sheriff or Collector of Public Revenue, members of either house of Congress, or persons holding any lucrative office under the United States or this State, or any foreign government, shall have a seat in the General Assembly: Provided, that appointments in the militia, and the offices of notary public and justice of the peace shall not be considered lucrative. Nor shall any person holding any office of honor or profit under any foreign government, or under the government of the United States (except postmasters whose annual compensation does not exceed the sum of $300.00) hold any office of honor or profit under the authority of this State.

SEC. 4. No person who has been, or hereafter shall be convicted of bribery, perjury or other infamous crime, nor any person who has been or may be a collector or holder of public moneys, who shall not have accounted for and paid over, according to law, all such moneys due from him, shall be eligible to the General Assembly, or to any office of profit or trust in this State.

SEC. 5. Members of the General Assembly, before they enter upon their official duties, shall take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation:

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the constitution of the United States and the constitution of the State of Illinois, and will faithfully discharge the duties of Senator (or Representative) according to the best of my ability; and that I have not knowingly or intentionally paid or contributed anything, or made any promise in the nature of a bribe to directly or indirectly influence any vote at the election at which I was chosen to fill the said office, and have not accepted. nor will I accept or receive, directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing from any corporation, company or person for any vote or influence I may give or withhold on any bill, resolution or appropriation or for any other official act."

This oath shall be administered by a judge of the Supreme or Circuit court in the hall of the house to which the member is elected, and the Secretary of State shall record and file the oath subscribed by each member. Any member who shall refuse to take the oath herein prescribed shall forfeit his office, and every member who shall be convicted of having sworn falsely to.