pressed in its title; nor shall any law, be revived or amended with reference to its title, but the act revived or the section amended shall be re-enacted and published at length.

SEC. 53. No law, except a general appropriation law, shall take effecte until at least ninety days after the adjournment of the session of the Generale br Assembly at which it is enacted, unless in case of an emergency (which emergency shall be expressed in the body of the bill), the General Assembly shall otherwise direct by a vote of four-fifths of the members voting in each house, such vote to be taken by the yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for and against entered on the journal.

SEC. 54. The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney-General, judges members of the State Corporation Commission, and executive officers at the seat of government, and all officers appointed by the Governor or elected by the General Assembly, offending against the State by malfeasance in office, corruption, neglect of duty, or other high crime or misdemeanor, may be in peached by the House of Delegates, and prosecuted before the Senate, which shall have the sole power to try impeachment. When sitting for that purpose. the senators shall be on oath or affirmation, and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the senators present. Judgment in case of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the State; but the person convicted shall nevertheless be subject to indictment. trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. The Senate may sit during the recess of the General Assembly for the trial of impeachments.

SEC, 55. The General Assembly shall, by law, apportion the State into dis tricts, corresponding with the number of representatives to which it may be entitled in the House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States; which districts shall be composed of contiguous and compact territory con taining, as nearly as practicable, an equal number of inhabitants.

SEC. 56. The manner of conducting and making returns of elections, of determining contested elections, and of filling vacancies in office, in cases not specially provided for by this Constitution, shall be prescribed by law, and the General Assembly may declare the cases in which any office shall be deemed yacant where no provision is made for that purpose in this Constitution,

SEC, 37. The General Assembly shall have power, by a two-thirds vote. to remove disabilities incurred under section Twenty-three, of Article Two, of this Constitution. with reference to dueling,

SEC. 58. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless, when in cases of invasion or rebellion, the public safety may require The General Assembly shall not pass any bill of attainder, or any ex post face law, or any law impairing the obligation of contracts, or any law abridging the freedom of speech or of the press. It shall not enact any law whereby private property shall be taken or damaged for public uses, without just compensation. No man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship. place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief; but all men shall be free to profess, and by argu ment to maintain, their opinions in matters of religion, and the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities. And the General Assembly shall not prescribe any religious test whatever, or confer any peculiar privileges or advantages on any sect or denomination, or pass any law requiring or authorizing any religious society, or the people of any district within this State, to levy on themselves or others any tax for the erection or repair of any house of public worship, or for the support of any church or ministry; but it shall be left free to every person to select his religious instructor, and to make for his support such private contract as he shall please.

SEC. 59. The General Assembly shall not grant a charter of incorporati to any church or religious denomination, but may secure the title to church property to an extent to be limited by law.

SEC. 60. No lottery shall hereafter be anthorized by law; and the buying. selling or transferring of tickets or chances in any lottery shall be prohibited.

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SEC. 61. No new county shall be formed with an area of less than six dred square miles; nor shall the county or counties from which it is formed reduced below that area; nor shall any county be reduced in population w eight thousand. But any county, the length of which is three times its in breadth, or which exceeds fifty miles in length, may be divided at the retion of the General Assembly.

SEC. 62. The General Assembly shall have full power to enact local option lispensary laws, or any other laws controlling, regulating, or prohibiting the ufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors. i

SEC. 63. The General Assembly shall confer on the courts power to grant rces, change the names of persons, and direct the sale of estates belonging nfants and other persons under legal disabilities, and shall not, by special slation, grant relief in these or other cases of which the courts or other inals may have jurisdiction. The General Assembly may regulate the exerby courts of the right to punish for contempt. The General Assembly shall enact any local, special, or private law in the following cases:

1. For the punishment of crime.

2. Providing a change of venue in civil or criminal cases.

3. Regulating the practice in, or the jurisdiction of, or changing the rules vidence in any judicial proceedings or inquiry before the courts or other mals, or providing or changing the methods of collecting debts or enforcing ments, or prescribing the effect of judicial sales of real estate.

4. Changing or locating county seats.

5. For the assessment and collection of taxes, except as to animals which General Assembly may deem dangerous to the farming interests.

6. Extending the time for the assessment or collection of taxes.

7. Exempting property from taxation.

> Remitting, releasing, postponing, or diminishing any obligation or liaof any person, corporation, or association, to the State or to any political ivision thereof.

). Refunding money lawfully paid into the treasury of the State or the ury of any political subdivision thereof.

10. Granting from the treasury of the State, or granting or authorizing e granted from the treasury of any political subdivision thereof, any extra ensation to any public officer, servant, agent, or contractor.

11. For conducting elections or designating the places of voting,

12. Regulating labor, trade, mining or manufacturing, or the rate of int on money.

13. Granting any pension or pensions.

14. Creating, increasing, or decreasing, or authorizing to be created, ined, or decreased, the salaries, fees, percentages, or allowances of public offiduring the term for which they are elected or appointed.

5. Declaring streams navigable, or authorizing the construction of booms ims therein, or the removal of obstructions therefrom.

16. Affecting or regulating fencing or boundaries of land, or the run

at large of stock.

17. Creating private corporations, or amending, renewing, or extending

harters thereof.

8. Granting to any private corporation, association, or individual any al or exclusive right, privilege or immunity.

19. Naming or changing the name of any private corporation or asso

on.

20. Remitting the forfeiture of the charter of any private corporation exupon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter et to the provisions of this Constitution and the laws passed in pursuance of..

SEX. 64.

In all the cases enumerated in the last section, and in every other which, in its judgment, may be provided for by general laws, the General mbly shall enact general laws. Any general law shall be subject to amendor repeal, but the amendment or partial repeal thereof shall not operate

directly or indirectly to enact, and shall not have the effect of the enactment a special, private, or local law.

No general or special law shall surrender or suspend the right and p of the State, or any political subdivision thereof, to tax corporations and porate property, except as authorized by Article Thirteen. No private corper. tion, association, or individual shall be specially exempted from the operati of any general law, nor shall its operation be suspended for the benefit of med private corporation, association, or individual.

SEC. 65. The General Assembly may, by general laws, confer up boards of supervisors of counties, and the councils of cities and towns, powers of local and special legislation, as it may from time to time deem espert dient, nor inconsistent with the limitations contained in this Constitutio SEC. 66. The Clerk of the House of Delegates shall be Keeper of the of the State but shall receive no compensation from the State for his seri as such.

The General Assembly by general law shall prescribe the number of ployees of the Senate and House of Delegates, including the clerks thereof t fix their compensation at a per diem, for the time actually employed int discharge of their duties.

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SEC. 67. The General Assembly shall not make any appropriation of p funds, of personal property, or of any real estate, to any church, or sectie 1 society, association, or institution of any kind whatever, which is entire partly, directly or indirectly, controlled by any church or sectarian se nor shall the General Assembly make any like appropriation to any charter(+ institution, which is not owned or controlled by the State; except that it in its discretion, make appropriations to non-sectarian institutions for ta form of youthful criminals; but nothing herein contained shall prohil oc General Assembly from authorizing counties, cities, or towns to make appropriations to any charitable institution or association.

SEC. 68. The General Assembly shall, at each regular session, apate = standing committee, consisting of two members of the Senate and threebers of the House Delegates, which shall be known as the auditing com Such committee shall annually, or oftener in its discretion, examine the b and accounts of the First Auditor, the State Treasurer, the Secretary day Commonwealth, and other executive officers at the seat of government duties pertain to auditing or accounting for the State revenue, report the of its investigations to the Governor, and cause the same to be publiskal two newspapers of general circulation in the State. The Governor shil the beginning of each session, submit said reports to the General Assemb appropriate action. The committee may sit during the recess of the G Assembly, receive such compensation as may be prescribed by law, and es one or more accountants to assist in its investigations.

ARTICLE V.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

SEC. 69. The chief executive power of the State shall be vested in ernor. He shall hold office for a term of four years, to commence on the day of February next succeeding his election, and be ineligible to the si for the term next succeeding that for which he was elected, and to any office during his term of service.

SEC. 70. The Governor shall be elected by the qualified voters of the M at the time and place of choosing members of the General Assembly. Eer of the election shall be transmitted, under seal, by the proper officers, to Secretary of the Commonwealth, who shall deliver them to the Speaker House of Delegates on the first day of the next session of the General Asse The Speaker of the House of Delegates shall, within one week thereafter the presence of a majority of the Senate and of the House of Delegates, the returns, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the bi number of votes shall be declared elected; but if two or more shall be

test and an equal number of votes, one of them shall be chosen Governor the joint vote of the two houses of the General Assembly, Contested elec is for Governor shall be decided by a like vote, and the mode of proceeding such cases shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 71. No person except a citizen of the United States shall be eligible be office of Governor; and if such person be of foreign birth, he must have ì a citizen of the United States for ten years next preceding his election; shall any person be eligible to, that, office unless he shall have attained the of thirty years, and have been a resident of the State for five years next eding his election..

SEC. 72. The Governor shall reside at the seat of government; shall ree five thousand dollars for each year of his service, and while in office receive no other emolument from this or any other government, SEC. 73. The Governor shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; municate to the General Assembly, at every session, the condition of the *; recommend to its consideration such measures as he may deem expeit, and convene the General Assembly on application of two-thirds of the aters of both houses thereof, or when,, in his opinion, the interest of the e may require. He shall be commander-in-chief of the land and naval es of the State; have power to embody the militia to repel invasion, sup8 insurrection and enforce the execution of the laws; conduct, either in on or in such manner as shall be prescribed by law, all intercourse with r and foreign States; and, during the recess of the General Assembly, shall 1 power to suspend, from office for misbehavior, incapacity, neglect of official 1, or acts performed without due authority of law, all executive officers at seat of the government except the Lieutenant-Governor; but, in any case which this power is so exercised, the Governor shall report to the General mbly, at the beginning of the next session thereof, the fact of such sussion and the cause therefor, whereupon the General Assembly shall detere whether such officer shall be restored or finally removed; and the Govor shall have power, during the recess of the General Assembly, to appoint, tempore successors to all officers so suspended, and to fill, pro tempore, incies in all offices of the State, for the filling of which the Constitution laws make no other provision; but his appointments to such vacancies shall by commission, to expire at the end of thirty days after the commencement he next session of the General Assembly. He shall have power to remit and penalties in such cases, and under such rules and regulations as may prescribed by law, and, except when the prosecution has been carried on he House of Delegates, to grant reprieves and pardons after conviction; to ove political disabilities consequent upon conviction for offences committed r or subsequent to the adoption of this Constitution, and to commute cappunishment; but he shall communicate to the General Assembly, at each ion, particulars of every case of fine or penalty remitted, of reprieve or lon granted, and of punishment commuted, with his reasons for remitting, ating, or commuting the same.

SEC. 74. The Governor may require information in writing, under oath, the officers of the executive department and superintendents of State initions upon any subject relating to the duties of their, respective offices institutions; and he may inspect at any time their official books, accounts vouchers, and ascertain the condition of the public funds in their charge. in that connection may employ accountants, He may require the opinion vriting of the Attorney-General upon any question of law affecting the offiduties of the Governor.

SEC. 75. Commissions and grants shall run in the name of Commonwealth Virginia, and he attested by the Governor, with the seal of the Commonith annexed.

SEC. 76. Every bill, which shall have passed the Senate and House of Deles, shall, before it becomes a law. be presented to the Governor. If he rove, he shall sign it, but. if not, he may return it with his objections to house in which it originated, which shall enter the objections at large on journal and proceed to reconsider the same. If, after such consideration,

two-thirds of the members present, which two-thirds shall include a majority of the members elected to that house, shall agree to pass the bill, it shall sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it will like be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the members present, which two-thirds shall include a majority of the members elected to that horse it shall become a law, notwithstanding the objections. The Governor shall have the power to veto any particular item or items of an appropriation bill, but the veto shall not affect the item or items to which he does not object. The item or items objected to shall not take effect except in the manner heretof provided in this section as to bills returned to the General Assembly withon his approval. If he approves the general purpose of any bill, but disapproves any part or parts thereof, he may return it, with recommendations for amendment, to the house in which it originated, whereupon the same proced ings shall be had in both houses upon the bill and his recommendations in re tion to its amendment, as is above provided in relation to a bill which he sh have returned without his approval, and with his objections thereto; providal that if, after such reconsideration, both houses, by a vote of a majority of members present in each, shall agree to amend the bill in accordance with recommendation in relation thereto, or either house by such vote shall fal refuse to so amend it, then, and in either case, the bill shall be again s him, and he may act upon it as if it were then before him for the first th But in all the cases above set forth the votes of both houses shall be determine by ayes and noes, and the names of the members voting for and against the bill, or item or items of an appropriation bill, shall be entered on the jour of each house. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within f days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the s shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General Ass bly shall, by final adjournment, prevent such return; in which case it shall a law if approved by the Governor in the manner and to the extent above vided, within ten days after such adjournment, but not otherwise.

SEC. 77. A Lieutenant-Governor shall be elected at the same time and the sanie term as the Governor, and his qualifications and the manner ascertainment of his election, in all respects, shall be the same.

SEC. 78. In case of the removal of the Governor from office, or after death, failure to qualify, resignation, removal from the State, or inability discharge the powers and duties of the office, the said office, with its compet tion, shall devolve upon the Lieutenant-Governor; and the General Ass shall provide by law for the discharge of the executive functions in other eye sary cases.

SEC. 79. The Lieutenant-Governor shall be president of the Senate: shall have no vote except in case of an equal division; and while acting such, shall receive a compensation equal to that allowed to the Speaker of House of Delegates.

SEC. 80. A Secretary of the Commonwealth shall be elected by the quslife voters of the State at the same time and for the same term as the Govern and the fact of his election shall be ascertained as in the case of the Gover He shall keep a daily record of the official acts of the Governor, which stu be signed by the Governor and attested by the Secretary; and, when require he shall lay the same, and any papers, minutes and vouchers pertaining to office, before either house of the General Assembly. He shall discharge s other duties as may be prescribed by law. All fees received by the Secret of the Commonwealth shall be paid into the treasury monthly.

SEC. 81. A State Treasurer shall be elected by the qualified voters of State at the same time and for the same term as the Governor: and the f of his election shall be ascertained in the same manner. His powers and di shall be prescribed by law.

'SEC. 82. An Auditor of Public Accounts shall be elected by the joint T of the two houses of the General Assembly for the term of four years. Fr powers and duties shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 83. The salary of each officer of the Executive Department, exert 7