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SEC. 11. The election for the adoption or rejection of this Constitution, 1 for State Officers herein provided for, shall be held on the Tuesday next er the first Monday in November, 1895, and shall be conducted according the laws of the Territory, and the provisions of the Enabling Act; the es cast at said election shall be canvassed, and returns made, in the same nner as was provided for in the election for delegates to the Constitual Convention.

Provided. That all male citizens of the United States, over the age of nty-one years, who have resided in this Territory, for one year next prior such election. are hereby authorized to vote for or against the adoption this Constitution, and for the State Officers herein provided for. The urns of said election shall be made to the Utah Commission, who shall se the same to be canvassed, and shall certify the result of the vote for against the Constitution, to the President of the United States, in the ner required by the Enabling Act; and said Commission shall issue cerates of election to the persons elected to said offices severally, and shall e and file with the Secretary of the Territory, an abstract, certified to them, of the number of votes cast for each person for each of said offices, of the total number of votes cast in each county,

SEC. 12. The State Officers to be voted for at the time of the adoption his Constitution, shall be a Governor, Secretary of State, State Auditor, e Treasurer, Attorney-General. Superintendent of Public Instruction, menof the Senate and House of Representatives, three Supreme Judges, nine rict Judges and a Representative to Congress.

SEC. 13. In case of a contest of election between candidates, at the first ral election under this Constitution, for Judges of the District Courts, evidence shall be taken in the manner prescribed by the Territorial laws, the testimony, so taken shall be certified to the Secretary of State, and officer. together with the Governor and the Treasurer of the State, shall ew the evidence, and determine who is entitled to the certificate of election. SEC. 14. This Constitution shall be submitted for adoption or rejection, vote of the qualified electors of the proposed State, at the general election e held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, A. D. . At the said election the ballot shall be in the following form: For the Constitution. Yes. No.

As a heading to each of said ballots there shall be printed on each ballot following Instructions to Voters:

All persons desiring to vote for the Constitution must erase the word

All persons desiring to vote against this Constitution must erase the word

SEC. 15. The Legislature, at its first session, shall provide for the election officers, whose election is not provided for elsewhere in this Constituand fix the time for the commencement and duration of their terms. SEC. 16. The provisions of this Constitution shall be in force from the on which the President of the United States shall issue his proclamation. ring the State of Utah admitted into the Union; and the terms of all rs elected at the first election under the provisions of this Constitution, commence on the first Monday, next succeeding the issue of said proclamaTheir terms of office shall expire when their successors are elected qualified under this Constitution.

Done in Convention at Salt Lake City, in the Territory of Utah, this h day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and y-five, and of the Independence of the United States the one hundred nineteenth.

Attest:

EY P. CHRISTENSEN, Secretary.

JOHN HENRY SMITH, President.

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CONSTITUTION OF VERMONT -1793 AND 1913.*

CHAPTER I.

A DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE STATE OF VERMON

ARTICLE 1. That all men are born equally free and independent, and have certain natural, inherent, and unalienable rights, amongst which are the e joying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting prop erty, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety: therefore no miki person born in this country, or brought from over sea, ought to be holden h law, to serve any person as a servant, slave, or apprentice, after he arrives to the age of twenty-one years, nor female in like manner, after she arrive to the age of eighteen years, unless they are bound by their own consent after they arrive to such age, or bound by law for the payment of d damages, fines, costs, or the like.

ART. 2. That private property ought to be subservient to public uses whe necessity requires it, nevertheless, whenever any person's property is taki for the use of the public, the owner ought to receive an equivalent in motetora e ART. 3. That all men have a natural and unalienable right to wor Almighty God, according to the dictates of their own consciences and und standings, as in their opinion shall be regulated by the word of God; and that no man ought to, or of right can be compelled to attend any religious worse or erect or support any place of worship, or maintain any minister, contr to the dictates of his conscience, nor can any man be justly deprived abridged of any civil right as a citizen, on account of his religious sentine or peculia[r] mode of religious worship; and that no authority can ought to be vested in, or assumed by, any power whatever, that shall in as case interfere with, or in any manner control the rights of conscience, the free exercise of religious worship. Nevertheless, every sect or den

*The convention' which framed the first constitution of Vermont assemb Windsor on July 2 and adjourned on July 8, 1777, after having composed and an mously agreed upon a constitution. This constitution was not submitted to the el for ratification, but was affirmed by the legislature at its sessions of 1779 and The constitution of 1777 provided that a council of censors, consisting of th persons, should be chosen in 1785 and every seven years thereafter to inquire wi the constitution had been preserved inviolate in every part, to see whether the va agencies of government had performed their duties with due vigilance, to pe amendments to the constitution and to call a constitutional convention. In 197 ance with this provision, the first council of censors met in 1785, proposed amendments to the constitution, and called a convention, which assembled at a chester on June 29, and adjourned on July 4, 1786, after having promulgated : stitution which was affirmed by the legislature of March, 1787. By an act appr March 2, 1791, Vermont was admitted to the Union. The second council of Seas met in 1792 and convoked a convention, which assembled at Windsor on July 1 adjourned on July 9, 1793, after having promulgated a constitution. This const:73 as established on July 9, 1793, and amended in 1828, 1836, 1850, 1870, 1883 and is still in force. Chapter I, known as the Bill of Rights, has never been atz since its adoption on July 9, 1793; Chapter II, known as the Plan or Frame ernment, has been amended repeatedly on the dates designated above, The thr fourth council of censors, which met in 1799 and 1806, respectively, declined to mend any alterations in the constitution or to summon a convention. The fifth of censors, which assembled in 1813, proposed 28 amendments, all of whic rejected by the convention which met on July 7, 1814. The sixth council of met in 1820 and recommended five amendments, all of which were rejected t convention which they convoked. The seventh council of censors met in 197 proposed three articles of amendment, two of which were rejected and one asp the convention which met on June 26, 1828. The eighth council of censors ass in 1834 and proposed 20 articles of amendment, of which 12 were ratified in rejected on January 14, 1836, by a convention called by the council. The d council of censors met in 1841 and proposed 10 amendments, all of which were M by the convention which met to consider them on, January 4, 1843. The tenth STA of censors met in 1848 and proposed 15 amendments and a convention assembled January 2, 1850, to consider them; of the 15, 10 were adopted and 5 were The eleventh council of censors met in 1855 and proposed 19 amendments.

nation of christians ought to observe the sabbath or Lord's day, and keep up some sort of religious worship, which to them shall seem most agreeable o the revealed will of God.

ART. 4. Every person within this state ought to find a certain remedy, y having recourse to the laws, for all injuries or wrongs which he may receive in his person, property or character; he ought to obtain right and ustice, freely, and without being obliged to purchase it; compleatly and vithout any denial; promptly and without delay; conformably to the laws. ART. 5. That the people of this state by their legal representatives, have he sole, inherent, and exclusive right of governing and regulating the internal olice of the same.

ABT. 6. That all power being originally inherent in and co[n]sequently erived from the people, therefore, all officers of government, whether legisative or executive, are their trustees and servants; and at all times, in a egal way, accountable to them.

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ART. 7. That government is, or ought to be, instituted for the common enefit, protection, and security of the people, nation, or community, and not or the particular emolument or advantage of any single man, family, or et of men, who are a part only of that community; and that the community ath an indubitable, unalienable, and indefeasible right, to reform or alter overnment, in such manner as shall be, by that community, judged most onducive to the public weal.

ART. 8. That all elections ought to be free and without corruption, and hat all freemen, having a sufficient, evident, common interest with, attachent to the community, have a right to elect officers, and be elected into ffice, agreeably to the regulations made in this constitution.

ABT. 9. That every member of society hath a right to be protected in he enjoyment of life, liberty, and property, and therefore is bound to conibute his proportion towards the expence of that protection, and yield his ersonal service, when necessary, or an equivalent thereto, but no part of y person's property can be justly taken from him, or applied, to public ses, without his own consent, or that of the Representative Body of the nvention which assembled to consider these proposed amendments met on January 1857, and rejected all of the proposals. The twelfth council of censors met in 62 and made no proposals and no convention was held. The thirteenth council of ensors met in 1869 and proposed six amendments and one contingent amendment. he convention met on June 8, 1870, and adopted three of these amendments, includg the contingent amendment, and rejected four. By virtue of one of the amendents adopted in 1870, the council of censors was abolished and the present method amending the constitution by legislative initiative and reference to the electors as adopted. In 1880, twenty-three amendments were proposed by the legislature nd two were adopted; in 1890, nine amendments were proposed and none was Hopted: in 1900, four amendments were proposed and none was adopted; in 1910, teen amendments were proposed and eight were adopted. By an amendment ratified the freemen on March 4, 1913 (Section 70, of Chapter II), the justices of the preme court were directed to revise Chapter II of the constitution by incorporating erein "all amendments that are now or may be then in force and excludg therefrom all sections, clauses and words not in force and rearranging and renumering the sections thereof under appropriate titles as in their judgment may be most gical and convenient." In accordance with these instructions, the justices certified e revision of Chapter II of the constitution to the secretary of state on September

.1913.

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Article of Amendment No. 1 was proposed, by the council of censors in 1827, and Hopted by the convention on June 27, 1828.

Articles of Amendment Nos. 2-13, inclusive, were proposed by the council of nsors in 1834 and adopted by the convention on June 14, 1836.

Articles of Amendment Nos. 14-23, inclusive, were proposed by the council of nsors in 1848, and adopted by the convention which met on January 2, 1850.

Articles of Amendment Nos. 24-26, inclusive, were proposed by the council of nsors in 1869, and adopted by the convention which met on June 8, 1870.

Articles of Amendment Nos. 27 and 28 were proposed by legislative process and tified on March 6, 1883.

Proposal No. 6 was made by the senate on December 7. 1910, concurred in by ehouse on January 11, 1911, concurred in by the senate on December 10, 1912, conarred in by the house on January 28, 1913, ratified on March 4, 1913, and proclaimed Hopted on April 8, 1913. =. 28, 42, 43, 44 and 50 as revised. The changes effected by this proposal are made in Sections

freeman, nor can any man who is conscientiously scrupulous of bearing arms, be justly compelled thereto, if he will pay such equivalent; nor are the people bound by any law but such as they have in like manner assented to, for their common good: and previous to any law being made to raise a tax, the purpose for which it is to be raised ought to appear evident to the Legislature to be of more service to community than the money would be if not collected.

ART. 10. That in all prosecutions for criminal offenses, a person hati a right to be heard by himself and his counsel; to demand the cause and nature of his accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses; to call for evidence in his favor, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the country; without the unanimous consent of which jury, he cannot be foun guilty nor can he be compelled to give evidence against himself; nor en any person be justly deprived of his liberty, except by the laws of the land, or the judgment of his peers.

ART. 11. That the people have a right to hold themselves, their houses. papers, and possessions, free from search or seizure; and therefore warrants without oath or affirmation first made, affording sufficient foundation for the and whereby any officer or messenger may be commanded or required to search suspected places, or to seize any person or persons, his, her or their property. not particularly described, are contrary to that right, and ough not to be granted.

ART. 12. That when any issue in fact, proper for the cognizance of jury is joined in a court of law, the parties have a right to trial by jury. which ought to be held sacred.

ART. 13. That the people have a right to freedom of speech, and of writh and publishing their sentiments, concerning the transactions of governmer and therefore the freedom of the press ought not to be restrained.

ART. 14. The freedom of deliberation, speech, and debate, in the Legish ture, is so essential to the rights of the people, that it cannot be the found tion of any accusation or prosecution, action or complaint, in any other cour or place whatsoever.

ART. 15. The power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, ong never to be exercised but by the Legislature, or by authority derived from i to be exercised in such particular cases, as this constitution, or the Les lature shall provide for.

ART. 16. That the people have a right to bear arms for the defence? themselves and the State--and as standing armies in time of peace are de gerous to liberty, they ought not to be kept up; and that the military shen! be kept under strict subordination to and governed by the civil power.

ART. 17. That no person in this state can in any case be subjected law martial, or to any penalties or pains by virtue of that law, except this employed in the army, and the militia in actual service.

ART. 18. That frequent recurrence to fundamental principles, and a fr. adherence to justice, moderation, temperance, industry, and frugality, ar absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty, and keep governme free: the people ought, therefore, to pay particular attention to these peins in the choice of officers and representatives, and have a right, in a legal wi to exact a due and constant regard to them, from their legislators and msgs trates, in making and executing such laws are are necessary for the 20 government of the State.

ART. 19. That all people have a natural and inherent right to emigr. from one state to another that will receive them,

ART. 20. That the people have a right to assemble together to ens for their common good-to instruct their Representatives-and to apply t the Legislature for redress of grievances, by address, petition or remonstrany ART. 21. That no person shall be liable to be transported out of th state for trial for any offense committed within the same.

PLAN OR FRAME OF GOVERNMENT DELEGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS. SECTION 1. The Commonwealth or State of Vermont shall be governed ya Governor (or Lieutenant-Governor), a Senate and a House of Reprentatives of the freemen of the same, in manner and form following.1

SEC. 2. The Supreme Legislative power shall be exercised by a Senate nd a House of Representatives.2

SEC. 3. The Supreme Executive power shall be exercised by a Governor, r. in his absence, a Lieutenant-Governor.3 °

SEC. 4. Courts of Justice shall be maintained in every county in this tate, and also in new counties when formed.

SEC. 5. The Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary departments, shall be eparate and distinct, so that neither exercise the powers properly belonging o the others.

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

SEC. 6. The Senate and the House of Representatives shall be styled, The General Assembly of the State of Vermont. Each shall have and exercise the ike powers in all acts of legislation; and no bill, resolution, or other thing, hich shall have been passed by the one, shall have the effect of, or be delared to be, a law, without the concurrence of the other. Provided, That all Revenue bills shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate ay propose or concur in amendments, as on other bills. Neither House during he session of the General Assembly, shall, without the consent of the other. djourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which he two Houses shall be sitting; and in case of disagreement between the wo Houses with respect to adjournment, the Governor may adjourn them to uch time as he shall think proper. They may prepare bills and enact them nto laws, redress gievances, grant charters of incorporation, subject to the rovisions of section 65, constitute towns, boroughs, cities and counties; and hey shall have all other powers necessary for the Legislature of a free and overeign State; but they shall have no power to add to, alter, abolish, or nfringe any part of this Constitution,4

SEC. 7. The General Assembly shall meet biennially on the first Wednesay next after the first Monday of January, beginning in A. D. 1915.5

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SEC. 8. The doors of the House in which the General Assembly of this ommonwealth shall sit, shall be open for the admission of all persons who ehave decently, except only when the welfare of the State may require hem to be shut. SEC. 9.

The votes and proceedings of the General Assembly shall be printed when one-third of the members of either House think it necessary) as soon convenient after the end of the session, with the yeas and nays of the House of Representatives on any question when required by five members, and f the Senate when required by one Senator (except where the votes shall be aken by ballot), in which case every member of either House shall have a ight to insert the reasons of his vote upon the minutes.6

SEC. 10. The style of the laws of this State shall be, "It is hereby enacted y the General Assembly of the State of Vermont."

SEC. 11. Every bill which shall have passed the Senate and House of tepresentatives shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor: f he approve, he shall sign it; if not, he shall return it, with his objections n writing to the House in which it shall have originated; which shall pro

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Amendments Nos. 2 and 3, 1836.

Amendment No. 24, Section 1, 1870; and Proposal No. 2 made by the senate n December 7, 1910, concurred in by the house on January 11, 1911, concurred in the senate on December 17. 1912, concurred in by the house on January 23, 1913, atified by the electors on March 4, 1913, and proclaimed adopted on April 8, 1913.

Proposal No. 3 made by the senate on December 7, 1910, concurred in by the use on January 11, 1911, concurred in by the senate on December 10, 1912, concurred by the house on January 28, 1913, ratified on March 4. 1913, and proclaimed dopted on April 8, 1913.

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