Savannah, exports of cotton from, 461;
exports of rice and lumber of, 461;
stocks of cotton, 462.

Sea, physical geography of, 72; de-
scription of Gulf stream, 73; influence
of steam, 74; effects of magnetism on
the circulation of atmosphere, 75;
existence of northwest passage, 75;
why is the sea salt? 76; depths of the
ocean, 77.

Shipping, amount in the world, 79;
number of seamen in, 80.
South, what she is thinking and saying
about the course of the north, 139;
the temper of, 140.

South and the Union, increase of agra-
rian societies in the north, 38; free
States like France in their organiza-
tion, 39; characteristics of free States,
39; northern and southern states-
men, 40; sectionality of the north,
41; importance of the great staple of
cotton, 43; distinctions in society, 44;
proportion of idiotcy and insanity
north and south, 45; disposition in
the north to make anew the "Work
of Creation," 46.

South Alabama, can indigo be culti-
vated with advantage in, 485.
South Carolina, agriculture of, &c., 423;
defects of the schedules of the Census,

the cane in Louisiana, Florida, &c.,
352; shipments of, from Havana, 354;
crops in Barbadoes and Jamaica, 355;
exports from Mauritius, 357; average
labor, free and slave, 356; annual
crops of, in Mauritius, 359; Java, 358. |
Sugar Cane, cultivation of, in the east,
98.

Sugar Cane, new varieties of, 369.
Southwest, the, 613.

Shipping of the world, 705.
Slave labor at the South, 728.
South, improvements at the, 724.
South Carolina State Agricultural So-
ciety, 731.

T.

Texas, resources of, 22; description of
Brazos, 23; local advantages of Ve-
lasco, 24; price of provision in, 25;
position of Texas in the event of a
war, 26; probability of war, 27; ne-
cessity of a southern naval depot, 28.
Texas, agencies to be depended on in
the internal improvements of, 578;
7 mismanagement in, 599; examples of,
780; false economy, 581; State bonds,
582; State bonds and railroad bonds,
583; cost of transportation, 584;
English railways, 585; State system
in, 586; resources of, 587.
The Cork Tree, description of, 228.
Tobacco, the cultivation of, 241.
Tallow Tree, mode of extracting tallow
from, 474.

5

Texas, western, 559; climate of, 557;
scenery of, 558; game and pastoral
advantages of, 558; tide of emigra-
tion to, 559.

Turpentine, suggestions on manufac-
ture, 486-489.

Texas, her public debt, 157; statement
of, 158.

The aims and objects of statistical in-
vestigations, 648.

Trees, how to plant, 730.
U.
United States Executive Departments,
62; Department of State, 62; vari
ous branches enumerated, 62-63; At-
torney General's office-classification
of its ordinary business, 63; Interior
Department, 64; enumeration of its
branches, 64; Treasury Department,
65; indication of the duties of the
various offices, 65-68; Navy Depart-
ment, 68; enumeration of offices and
force employed, 68, 69; Post Office
Department, 69; distribution of

offices therein, 69-71; War Depart-
ment, 71; bureaus attached, 71-77.
United States, chronicles of the govern-
ment and people of, 286; Elliott's
debates, 286; the Constitution of,
287; North Carolina, 287; death of
Governor Spaight, 289; of Alexander
Hamilton, 289; Robert Morris and
his sacrifices, 290: appointment of
representatives in Congress, 290; pop-
ulation and density of, from 1790, 291;
colonial population of, 292; pay and
mileage of members of Congress, 293;
General Cass, 296; Congressional de-
bates, 298, 299; amount of printing
matter, 300; intelligence of the peo-
ple, 301.

United States, religious history and
statistics of, 161; Congregational
churches, 162; Baptist churches, 162;
Presbyterian churches, 163; Method-
ist, 165; German, 166; the Friends,
168; summary, 168; Swedenborgians,
Unitarians, Christians, Universalists,
and Roman Catholics, 170.
United States, the counties of, 171.
United States, ships and shipping, 347.
University of Virginia, 218.
United States, 95; geological remarks
relating to the west and southwest,
95, 96.

United States, nativities of leading cities
in, 262, 263.

V.

Virginia, military defences of, 445; her
position as a slave State, 446; organ-
ization of citizen soldiery, 447; volun-
teer force, 448; importance of her
military roads, 449.

W.
Wisconsin, 48; increase in population
of, 48; the rapid strides of, in pros-
perity and greatness, 49; geographi-
cal position of, 50; climate of, 50;
geological features of, 51; face of the
country, scenery, etc., of, 52. educa-
tion in, 53; mining in, 54; agricul-
ture in, 55; location of lands in, 56;
manufactures in, 57; trade in, 58;
internal improvements in, 59; popu-
lation of, 61.
Wife's rights, 130.

Y.

Yellow fever, facts upon, 443; its pro-
gress northward, 443; its origin, 443;
type of the disease, 444; contagious-
ness of, 444; treatment of, 445.

DE BOW'S REVIEW.

JULY, 1855.

LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS JOURNAL.

DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTHERN INDUSTRY.

The South Carolina Institute for the Promotion of Agriculture, the Mechanic Arts, and Manufactures, has been in existence for several years. It has conferred advantages which have been felt not only in South Carolina, but in all the neighboring States. The Institute has lately constructed a most magnificent hall in Charleston, and opened it with a fair, rivalling in the extent and beauty of its fabrics any which has been previously held in the South. It is our intention to review in detail the list of contributions and awards of premiums, as we shall in regard to the fairs of other southern States. Space at this time will only admit of the opening address of the Hon. James L. Orr, which is marked with great ability, and will be read with interest by every class of our subscribers.

This is an occasion of lively interest to the city of Charleston, as well as to the State of South Carolina. The commodious building we occupy has been erected by their united liberality, and is now dedicated to developing the mechanic arts and the agricultural industry of South Carolina. Its giant timbers groan beneath the weight of their combined productions, brought and exhibited here as tangible proofs of superior skill in their varied departments, to contest the prizes offered by your liberality, and to stimulate still higher perfection in useful and ingenious labor. The mechanic is here, the artisan is here, the manufacturer is here, and here is the farmer and planter, and here, too, are the fair daughters of Carolina, the noble matron, and the blooming damsel, all are here to tender you their offerings of industry, of skill, of artistic taste. Their contributions not only charm the eye, but gladden the heart of all who feel a proper solicitude in the progress and permanent prosperity of our much cherished. commonwealth.

The founders of this Institute have achieved a triumph which concedes their sagacity and public spirit, and may

justly congratulate themselves on the eminent success of their praiseworthy experiment, when they see around, arranged in faultless order, the various works, fabrics, and inventions, for supplying man's wants, and ministering to his comforts.

A new era has dawned on the productive energies and capabilities of South Carolina, and, through the determined enterprise of her patriotic citizens, she will go hand in hand with the foremost in this progressive advance in national development. May the sun of her prosperity never set.

Agricultural fairs, for a long while, have been no novelties in this country or in Europe, and the quality and quantity of its productions have doubtless been sensibly augmented by the knowledge imparted and the spirit of rivalry awakened among agriculturists. Within the last thirty years, however, the initiative has been taken in the United States of encouraging the mechanic arts by the organization of mechanic institutes, and adding to the exhibition and comparison of mechanic labor, lectures on such practical and scientific subjects as educated the artisan and mechanic in his profession. Wherever the policy has been adopted, the results have been most gratifying in the social elevation and enlightenment of this numerous and useful class of society, and we may confidently assume that Charleston and the State will be most bounteously rewarded for their patronage of this Institute in the professional, social, and intellectual elevation of the mechanic and the citizen in general.

Great Britain, at the World's Fair in London, has not only eclipsed all former exhibitions, but through her patronage of that fair has accomplished more in stimulating mechanical skill-in giving greater impetus to the inventive genius of her subjects, and in imparting thought and knowledge in the arts and agriculture, than all the acts of her parliament for half a century.

Her example was followed by this country, but with results far less satisfactory. And yet the Crystal Palace at New York has accomplished good. The paintings, statuary, and machinery, were visited by thousands; they were observed, studied, criticised, and many useful ideas were impressed on the elastic minds of our countrymen, which may in future be fully developed to the permanent advantage of this great country.

An imposing exhibition, after the London model, is projected for this year at Paris, under the immediate patronage of the emperor. It is not merely the pageant that prompts him. He has the sagacity to avail himself of the occasion, to spread out before his subjects their own productions of ar

tistic and mechanical skill, and the finest specimens and models of ingenious workmanship in all countries of the civilized world. Will not the generous rivalry incited, and the information attained by his subjects, amply reimburse the small national outlay for its construction and inauguration?

Such facts prove the deep interest taken by these three principal nations in fostering and promoting every variety of mechanical industry, and nearly all the governments of society, as well as these, have manifested a like solicitude by conferring franchises on inventors, allowing them the exclusive use and monopoly of new inventions, by letters patent, for a series of years. Nor can their solicitude awaken surprise, when we consider the vast amount of labor employed, other than agricultural, in supplying the natural and acquired wants of the human family.

Dr. Ure, in his invaluable Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, defines operative industry to be "to produce, transform, and distribute all such material objects as are suited to satisfy the wants of mankind. The primary production of these objects is assigned to the husbandman, the fisherman, and the miner; their transformation to the manufacturer and artisan; and their distribution to the engineer, shipwright, and sailor." Mechanical labor enters into mining, and is eminently useful to the husbandman and fisherman in production; its transformation employs exclusively that species of labor; and its distribution, except the muscles and sinews of the sailor, and the winds of heaven, is likewise accomplished by the same labor. How important, then, is it to man that such an aggregation of necessary labor by one class should be directed by education, facilitated by science, stimulated by exciting generous emulation among its members, fostered by wise legislation, and patronized and encouraged by the sympathy and kind offices of the good citizen?

No service more acceptable to the State of South Carolina could have been rendered by her most sagacious and patriotic citizen than the organization of this Institute, the object of which is to develope a species of labor greatly needed throughout her limits. The meagre supply of mechanical industry is a serious impediment to our prosperity. We should possess it in such abundance as to have every want supplied in that department by mechanics residing among us, unless from some natural or adventitious cause it can be more cheaply produced elsewhere-and this distribution of labor is as necessary to advance agriculture as other branches of industry.