total population of the United Kingdom was, by the census of 1851, 27,675,145 persons. Now,

2,662,695 : 147,711 :: 100 : 5.547 and 27,675,145 : 1,340,812 :: 100 : 4.845.

So that the per centage of emigrants from the British provinces was rather larger than it was from the parent country itself.

This similarity of per centage may be accounted for upon the supposition that the masses in the two countries are influenced by a similar sentiment; but, if we reject that, the physical circumstances of the two widely differ, and there is no other means of comparison.

The migration is very large. The number of foreigners in Great Britain was, by the last census, under 60,000, from all parts of the world.

APPENDIX.
TABLE A.

Showing the total amount of population of each description, native white, free colored, and foreign, in several of the United States, from the census of 1850; also the number of prisoners of each description confined in the respective State prisons, and the proportion of prisoners of each class to 100,000 inhabitants.

States.

Total population.

Number of prisoners confined in State prisons.

Number of prisoners of each class to 100,000 inhabitants.

Native Free Foreign. Native Free col- Foreign. Native Free For'gn

white. colored.

white. ored.

white.colored.

NOTE. Those of unknown nativity have not been included among the native white population, but they have among the colored. In these latter, however, they only amount to a small fraction

1. Vermont. The numbers were taken from the American Almanac (1853) The total number of white prisoners there given is divided according to the ratiwhich obtains in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. 2. Massachusetts.-Numbers taken from American Almanac. 3. Rhode Island.-Official report for year ending December 31, 1852. 4. Connecticut.-Year ending March 31, 1851. 5. New York. Official reports of the three State prisons-Auburn, Sing-Sing and Clinton-for the year 1850. 6. New Jersey.-The numbers were taken from the American Almanac (1854) Total confined December 31, 1852. 7. Pennsylvania.-Average from official reports for 3 years-1851, 1850 and 1849. In the eastern prisons the nativities were only given of those admitted during each year, and the difference in color of those remaining at the end of the year. The total of whites then in confinement, at the end of each year, is divided according to the ratio obtained from the admissions. 8. Michigan.-The numbers were taken from the American Almanac (1854.) Total confined November 30, 1850. 9.

Ohio. The difference of color is not stated in the official report of the Columbus State prison, which I obtained, but the nativities are given of those in confinement at the end of the year, (30th November, 1851,) the total number being 469. At the time of my visit to the prison, December 9, 1853, the total number of prisoners, as stated to me by the warden, then was 531, of which the colored were 60. Now 531 : 60 :: 469: 53, total calculated number on November 30th, 1851. 10.-Indiana-Total number in confinement November 30, 1850, from the official report for the year of the State prison, Jeffersonville. 11. Maryland.-Total number in confinement November 30, 1851, from official report of State prison, Baltimore, for the year. 12. Virginia.-Total number remaining 30th September, 1851, from official report of State prison, Richmond. 13. Kentucky.-Total number in prison 20th October, 1851, from official report of State prison, Frankfort, Kentucky. 14. Mississippi.-Total number in prison 30th November, 1852, from the official report of the State prison, Jackson. I was informed by the keeper that no colored people were sent here. 15. Louisiana. From a manuscript which the warden allowed me to copy of the number in confinement at the time of my visit to the State prison, Baton Rouge, January 2, 1854. 16. Alabama. From report of State prison, Wetumpka. Total number confined October 1, 1852.

TABLE B.

Showing the number of prisoners of each class, native white, free colored, and foreign, in the jails and houses of correction of the different States; also the same for the inmates of almshouses or paupers, and the inmates of houses of refuge. In the latter case the children of foreign parents are substituted for the "foreign.'

NOTE.-1. Numbers taken from American Almanac. 2. Report for year ending March 31, 1853. 3. Official Report, 1852. 4. Average of 1852, 51, 50. These city prisons are police prisons. 5. Verbally given at my visit. 6. Report. 7. Verbally given at my visit. 8. Reports. 9 and 10. Do. 11. Do. 12. Do. 13. Do. 14. Verbally given. 15, 16, 17. Reports. 18. Verbally given. 19. Do. 20. Do. 21. Do.

List of the total populations of States, counties, &c., used in calculating the ratios of the above.

NOTE.-Nos. 1, 3, 6 and 11 were omitted in computing the ratio for the almshouses, and Nos. 8 and 9 (Ohio) were not used for the colored, as none were admitted there. Nos. 2, 8 and 11 were omitted in computing the ratio for the jails. In taking the ratio for the houses of refuge but four returns were used, viz: No. 2, that for the State of New York, and that for the State of Pennsylvania (which are given in table A,) and No. 11. The second and third of these were alone used for the colored, as in the houses of those alone the colored were admitted.

TABLE C.

Showing the proportion which the prisoners and paupers, from equal numbers of the respective populations, bear to each other in each class, the native white American being in each case considered as unity.

1. Massachusetts...

Jails, &c.

Houses of Refuge. Almshouses and
paupers.

State prisons.

Colored. Foreign. Colored. Foreign. Colored. Foreign. Colored. Foreign.

6.87

8.87

12.08

3.35

NOTE.-With the above paper the editor of the Review received the following letter: REFORM CLUB, PALL-MALL, LONDON, July 12, 1855.

66

MY DEAR SIR: I left yesterday with the United States consul (Mr. Campbell) a copy of my paper on the influence of social degradations, &c.," containing the results of my observations on the prisons, jails, and almshouses of the United States, to be forwarded to your address at Washington; and I shall be much gratified to hear that it had reached you safely. By it you will perceive that I have arrived at the conclusion that republicans are the best behaved people upon earth; not only those of the United States, but those of Europe among the emigrants, are distinguished by the small numbers in which they are found in the prisons and almshouses. As the subject is one in which I have long taken an interest, perhaps you will allow me to say a few words more upon t. I hope, after your next census, to undertake a second journey to the United States and go through your establishments once more. In the meanwhile I would take the liberty of suggesting that, as much as possible, one form of return should be used in all of them. In those I collected during my recent journey I think it probable that some errors have crept in. Thus, Swiss and Swedes are apt to be confounded, and more especially Dutch, or Hollanders, and Germans. When the German is asked what country he is of, he answers "Deutsch," which would be written by an Englishman who heard it " Dytsch;" and any one unacquainted with the German language would actually conclude he was a Dutchman, whereas the Dutch, or Dutchman, calls himself "Hollander," and as such should be set down in the returns. It is also to be regretted that in many of the returns, such as those of the jails, houses of refuge, and almshouses, the inmates who are natives of British North America are not separated from the natives of the United Kingdom. When we talk here of the superior character of republicans, we are always reminded that America is a new country with plenty of land on which to spread her surplus population; but the difference between the British colonist and the American citizen clearly shows that there is some other cause in operation. It would be desirable that this difference should be incontestibly established. And the subject would be further elucidated if the parentage of the criminals and paupers were given in the returns. I mean by this the nativities of both their fathers and mothers, and also, in the census, the nativities of the parents of the whole population. If the corrupt element of foreign parentage could be deducted, I believe the real American portion would be very small indeed. Pray excuse my having troubled you with so long a letter. I shall be most happy to see you if ever you are in London. Meanwhile believe me, my dear sir, yours very sincerely, ROBERT EVEREST.

CHRONICLES OF THE GOVERNMENT AND PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.

The experiment of a people governing themselves wisely had never been crowned with permanent success in any age of the world up to the time the American colonies dissolved their connexion with Great Britain. We should like to bestow on the individual actors in our revolutionary struggle, both in the council and in the field, the meed of praise so justly due; but the limits of an article like the present forbid. We have taken some pains to condense a variety of matter which will explain itself, without any extended comment or observation from us.

Our purpose is to show by tables the number of delegates in general convention at three noted periods in our history, viz: when the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776; when the articles of confederation were entered into, 1778, and when the federal Constitution was formed in 1787:

Ten deputies did not attend the convention in 1787, among whom was PATRICK HENRY. Sixteen others who attended did not sign the Constitution; most if not all of them having returned home in despair, or from some cause which they explained to their constituents. Hence, several very interesting letters, throwing light on the proceedings of the convention, collected by Mr. ELLIOTT.

As belonging to the times we also subjoin a table showing the number of delegates in each of the State conventions called to ratify the Constitution, and the length of time they were in session, from which it may be inferred that the subject was maturely examined, even if no record had been preserved like that in Elliott's Debates: