Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and SolutionsA.V. Kaffka Springer Science & Business Media, 30 июн. 1996 г. - Всего страниц: 170 This volume summarises the materials presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sea-Dumped Chemical Munitions, held in Kaliningrad (Moscow Region), Russia, in January 1995. The conference was sponsored by the NATO Division of Scientific and Environmental Affairs in the framework of its outreach programme to develop co-operation between NATO member countries and the Cooperation Partner countries in the area of disarmament technologies. The problem of the ecological threat posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumped in the seas after the Second World War deserves considerable international attention: the amount of these weapons, many of them having been captured from the German Army, is assessed at more than three times as much as the total chemical arsenals reported by the United States and Russia. They were disposed of in the shallow depths of North European seas - areas of active fishing - in close proximity to densely populated coastlines, with no consideration of the long-term consequences. The highly toxic material have time and again showed up, for instance when retrieved occasionally in the fishing nets, attracting local media coverage only. Nevertheless, this issue has not yet been given adequate and comprehensive scientific analysis, the sea-disposed munitions are not covered by either the Chemical Weapons Convention or other arms control treaties. In fact, the problem has been neglected for a long time on the international level. Only recently were official data made available by the countries which admitted conducting dumping operations. |
Содержание
DR EUGENIUSZ ANDRULEWICZ War Gases and Ammunition in | 9 |
ACAD A V FOKIN DR K K BABIEVSKY Chemical Echo | 29 |
DR THOMAS STOCK SeaDumped Chemical Weapons and the Chemical | 49 |
GENERAL LEUTENANT ret B T SURIKOV How to Save the Baltics | 67 |
Chemical Weapons from the Standpoint of Defence Conversion Industries | 87 |
G PLOTNIKOV MR R A ZAMYSLOV GENERAL | 105 |
DR G V LISICHKIN Chemical Weapons on the Seabed | 121 |
DR GRAHAM F WHITE MR JASON R SNAPE MR S NICKLIN | 145 |
167 | |
Другие издания - Просмотреть все
Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and Solutions A.V. Kaffka Недоступно для просмотра - 2010 |
Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and Solutions A. V. Kaffka Недоступно для просмотра - 2014 |
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1996 Kluwer Academic A. V. Kaffka acid adamsite aircraft bombs ammunition analysis arsenic Baltic Sea Bornholm captured German Chapaevsk chemical warfare agents Chemical Weapons Convention chloroacetophenone compounds concentration containing Convention corrosion CW agents CW dumping dangerous Density g/cm³ destruction detection Diphenylchloroarsine Disarmament Dumped Chemical Munition dumping areas ecological environmental equipment flask gases Gdynia glycerol HELCOM CHEMU hydrogen hydrolysis investigation Kluwer Academic Publishers lewisite military monitoring Moscow mustard agent mustard gas nitrate esters North Sea nt nt nt Oblast operations Ostsee oxidation PETN phosgene plant pollution Problems and Solutions processes recovery regions Report Research result Russia Russian Academy samples sarin scuttled sea water Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons sea-dumped CW seabed sediment Severodvinsk shells ships SIPRI Skagerrak soil solubility soman Soviet ẞ-chlorovinylarsineoxide starfish Stockpile storage substances sunken tabun technologies temperature tonnes toxic transformation products Volatility mg/m³ White Sea wrecks yperite yperite and lewisite zone