degree." The earlier surveys of this country are said to have originated in conquest, or in the severe awards of military justice. This has, as we have stated, been the result of a just desire to mitigate, by equalizing the burthens of the nation. A contrast in favour of our present state, is still more apparent in the means pursued in attaining these great objects. The survey of Ireland, viewing it in all its branches, offers to our view the last and most perfect result of the united science of the most enlightened age yet known. manual labour, aided by implements of grounds stiffer, but never to an injurious husbandry, or in the more compound state in which it is developed in manufactures, is still a form of the same thing. And further, that the term manufactory implies not a work distinct from primary productions, but one either auxiliary or supplemental to it; so that the manufacture of woollen goods is still a part of the agricultural system, being supplementary to the breeding of sheep; the manufacture of linen to the culture of flax; the manufacture of cotton goods to that of cotton, in the same manner as the operations of the corn mill are supplementary to the growth of oats, barley, and wheat a principle sound in itself, and calculated to remove those obscurities and prejudices which at present perplex the inquirer in his estimate of the relative importance of agriculture and manufactures, which he has been accustomed to consider two distinct things, and not, as they really are, parts of the same. "The simplicity which results from the application of the principle here laid down does not terminate with manufactures; it may be pursued even into trades, which are thus allocated to their respective heads of productions. The baker follows the miller, as the miller succeeds the farmer; the shoemaker, the tanner; the tanner in like manner the farmer; and if the system be pursued to its full extent, the ordinary shopkeeper becomes auxiliary also to production, and may be classed among some one or other of the trades of distribution. This is the system adopted in the accompanying tables of productive economy. In the first, a condensed view is given of the mode of distribution of the land, its aspects, qualities, and general advantages, as exhibited in each townland; and it may be here added that the soils, resulting from the decomposition of one class of rocks only, possess much uniformity both of appearance and quality. In the higher grounds, they contain most silex, and are in a few districts stony, sandy, and meagre; but they generally consist of light, productive clays, or loams, becoming in the very low From the just views which dictated this great national work, no less than from the practical ability by which it is so well carrying into effect, we should be happy if we could, with justifiable confidence, augur more prosperous times for Ireland. But, however we may fear for the progress of a state of things which seems to be more the result of infatuation, than of any application of sober reasoning; the cry of complaint without grievance, and the pretence of redress without justice; yet a reflection arises from the very fact that the revolutionary policy of the time has its origin in illusion-to call up a more gratifying and cordial sense of thankfulness when we contemplate the probable future effects of a measure, which has thus, as it were, brought forth the antidote. In concluding this notice, we must express our regret, that the very brief time between receiving it, and the completion of our arrangements, has essentially interfered with our desire to do it every justice. But we felt the impropriety of withholding from the public for another month such particulars as we could give, of a great work, which does honor to its time and country, and from which we trust to be hereafter enabled to trace the beginning of better days. THE BLACK MONDAY OF THE GLENS, THE brightness of a fair Easter Monday was never shed from a clearer heaven than smiled on that vernal festival, five years ago, in the Glens of Antrim. But, alas! it arose on sad hearts and tearful eyes in all the cottages of Glenariff and Glendun; for the swift ship lay off Cushendall that was to bear away three families of much-loved neighbours from their quiet recesses, to seek better fortunes in the western wilds of America. Sorrowfully and slowly that evening the little cavalcade descended from the bosom of the hills, many a tear and sob testifying how dear was each green slope they passed, each bushy bank and hazel-sheltered pool of the clear stream that they were never to revisit; each broom hedge with its yellow blossoms, nay, the very white thorns by the road-side, where, when children, they had pulled the haw, objects simple or common in themselves, but not to be effaced by the novelty or grandeur of all the seas and mountains of the new world. When they came to the beach there was a pause for the parting words of advice and farewell. Two interesting looking young women stood a little apart; the elder one had, a few weeks previous, become the bride of one of the emigrants; and the poor girl's pale face and reddened eyes bore evidence that, though she was going with her husband, she left many she loved, and much that was still dear to her. Unwilling to part with her sister until the latest moment, she urged her to accompany her on board. "Surely, Letty," said she, "surely it's not here you'll leave me? you'll come on board with me, dear, wont you? I have many things to say to you; and now, mind what I said last, and what I will say last beware of Phelim! as you value your own peace, as you value here and hereafter, have nothing to do with him! young as he is, he's a deceiving, idle fellow! Mind Kitty Harvey's fate;but, to be sure, she was bold, and I do not mean to even the like to you yet, when a man's ill-given and deceitful, who may trust him? Phelim may : make you like him; he has gaining ways, and is all the worse for them, You know your brother Charlie well enough to know that he never will, if he can help it, let you marry a Roman. But, putting all that aside, what com. fort could you have, or look to have, with him till you'd go to mass? nor may be then neither. He never was reared with industry, and has no support but from his smuggling, scheming ways, and never will content himself with quietness. And Letty, now, you should not overlook Sandy the way you do: he's a clean, well-skinned boy as you'd see in a fair, and he loves you, Letty-take my word for it, he loves you in a steadier and a better way than that Phelim Gruniagh could find in his heart to love any woman." "Well, indeed, Mary, but that my heart is heavy parting with you, I could laugh to see the trouble you're in about Phelim Grumagh, as you call him. But you should not abuse him; he does not mind me more than other girls; I don't think he cares for me; and you may call him a scheming smuggler if you like; but many a decent man in this place has followed the same trade, and made well by it. And as for your White Sandy, and his slated house, I like him better for your sake, Mary dear, than for his own; though, indeed, he is a decent boy; and if I wanted a friend, its Sandy Wilson I'd put my trust in. But it will be time enough for me to marry when I am as old as you, Mary; and you must not forget that there are five good years between us! When Charlie's married he will be glad to get rid of me, and I'm sure will ship me off to you willingly. But, in the mean time, Mary dear, write to me often, and do not be advising me against Phelim; for I'm not thinking of the boy, nor him of me, I'm sure." Well, Letty, lay what I'm saying to your heart: try to love Sandy; and if he makes you as good a husband as his brother Jemmy does me, depend upon it you need never rue." * Well, well,” said Letty, "I'll not marry in haste any way; so be easy, dear." The young man so earnestly recommended by the elder sister, was a rustic beau of a good order, who, although he was Sandy Bawn, which did not seem exactly to suit Letty's taste, was, nevertheless, a good looking, gallant, respectable young farmer, who prided himself on his father's well-managed, well-stocked farm, as much as he did in his own good bay horse, or his bay horse's good-looking, well-dressed master, top boots and all; and matchmaking neighbours, as well as interested friends, seemed to think Letty and him made for each other. She, poor thing, had been left an orphan; the Typhus fever had carried off both father and mother, leaving her with an elder sister, the same from whom she was now parting, and one step-brother by the father's side. A lady, in her benevolence, had taken charge of our infant orphan, and reared her: but she reared her somewhat over the rank which she was destined to fill; for, alas for Letty! her benefactress died, leaving but half her kind intentions fulfilled towards her, and the poor girl, at fifteen or sixteen, became once more a member of her step-brother's, Charles Hamill's, household. She had sufficient education, and such useful knowledge of the refinements of life as rendered her very attractive in the eyes of an aspiring man like Sandy, even though she had not been pretty, and fair, and gentle, as she was. Near the two sisters stood old Neal Wilson, the father of Sandy, and some of his neighbours, who with kindly zeal were endeavouring to argue him out of his excessive grief at parting with his eldest son, and trying to turn his hopes to the comfort he might still have in his younger one. Amongst them stood old John O'Herlie, the village schoolmaster, lending his aid in the work of consolation. "Oh, well then, Mr. O'Herlie, sure it's yourself says the truth; for Sandy is a good boy, and you know him well." Well, there was Sandy, and that yallow tanner from Cloney, and Nancy Kirkée, as I used to call her when she'd have her lessons well. They were the royal family. Troth it was seldom any one of the three missed a word or wrote a painted or a blotted stroke. Well, according to their deserving I followed this plan; and I had my field-marshals, and generals, and colonels, down to the very privates of the corps. Ogh, many a kind friend I've lost since then, and not one among them kinder than Sandy's mother, God rest her; it was mostly with her I took my Sunday dinner! and the hearty, clever woman she was! and the kindly welcome was ever wid her. But Sandy, as I was saying, was a smart boy always." "Oh, Mr. O'Herlie," said Sandy, who now joined them, "that was seldom the story with you of a Saturday, when you used to say, 'Get up here you three, Nanny Kirkee, an' you, you Yallow Tanner, and you Sandy Bawn: bad luck to yer Protestant snoutsthere's more trouble wid yez than wid the whole school! rise an' say yer catechism!' "Oh, Sandy, I never said 'bad luck, it was only bad look to yez; and ye confused me wid the little bit of a class of yez, when I could hear the others all at wanst, my own way, ye know." "Well, Mr. O'Herlie, we had few complaints to make of you any way; but they're getting the boat out; and I must go to Jemmy." "Troth," said his father, "he's a good boy that, God be praised; and Jemmy is as good a boy as needs to be; but he has got travelling notions since he was in the waterguards, and he thinks the farm at Tubber-Greena isn't big enough for us all, and that he may do better in a strange country. God send they may ! Sorry would I be to put between them and their good luck. It's a sore grief to part them; yet Sandy will do what he can for me, and an industrious, brave boy he is, to be sure! and it's himself has the taste for decency. Will you believe me, neighbours, it's truth I'm tellin' ye, myself never had a smoothin' iron in the house, (troth we just made the beetle do for us,) till Sandy behoved to get one for his shirts of sixteen hundred linen? Ay, an' he has a cupboard full of every identical thing a gentleman would want to put on his table. Troth it's myself does not know the use of the half of them; but I've no objection in life to see him have a better taste than his poor ould father." There was now a movement among the crowd, and mournfully enough they took their way to the beach, where the emigrants and their nearer friends pulled off in two boats to the vessel, which lay with flapping sails and anchor apeak, ready to take advantage of the favorable and steady breeze. One boat was soon seen returning, and after landing three or four persons, was pulled up on the beach. Poor old Neal was easily distinguished amongst those who had returned, by his long grey coat and dejected step, as he waded through the deep sand; and then, mounting his pony, put it to its speed, as if he thought the quickness of the motion would overcome grief, or as if he were impatient to be at home for the quiet indulgence of his sorrow. Little did he think that deeper suffering awaited him lonely, lonely, was his fireside to be from that Black Easter Monday! : and sea. The second boat was now making for the shore. The vessel had got under weigh, and with crowded sails and bending masts rushed through the frothing waters. The emigrants gathered to the stern, and leaning over the taffrail, gazed alternately at the friends they were leaving on the land The day was fresh and fine; but a heavy groundswell from the channel kept heaving into sight, and then hiding the crowded fishing-boat that now looked less and less as it was left by the receding ship midway on the lonely waters. Away went the stately vessel, hats and handkerchiefs waving over her side, as a faint cheer from her deck reached the ears of the crowd on the beach. Loud and long was the reply they sent back across the waters of the bay, and heartily it was taken up by the boat's crew between. Alas! too heartily, as the sequel proved; for when that cheer was over, some one called for a second- Boys alive, let us give them another for old Ireland!" exclaimed 66 Randal Mac Alan, a wild glensman from the foot of Trostan, sitting near the stern of the boat, and starting up in the enthusiasm of the moment, forgetful of where he was, he waved his hat round his head: the impulse was contagious; two or three other young men were observed to leap up on the thwarts. "Sit down, sit down!" shouted old Hugh Mac Henry from the beach; "is it bouncing in a tent ye think ye are ?" But before the words were well spoken the boat had upset, and the pride of the six glens were shrieking and struggling in the water. To haul down the second boat from the beach and pull out to the spot needed but a few moments; but, alas! during these, the objects of that aid were almost all placed beyond its reach. Four only of those who had left the ship were rescued. Of these, Letty Hamill was one; but she was not saved by the same hands as her companions. On the instant of the accident, a sailor-like young man who had been standing on the top of one of the highest rocks with his eyes fixed intently on the returning boat, cast off his shoes and jacket, and plunging into the waves, struck out for the spot where Letty, half-supported by her dress, and half by the instinc tive movement of her arms, had floated for a moment after the rest, but was now fast sinking; for the waves dashing over her and lifting her long hair, which they flung back over her eyes as they receded, had stupified and bewildered her, and, already insensible, she was going down with the slow, swinging motion of one who can no longer struggle, many feet under the clear water, when Phelim McKeever's saving hand reached and rescued her. It was long before Letty shewed signs of returning animation. When she opened her eyes and saw Phelim's pale, anxious face bending over her, she closed them again, nor raised her eyelids for many minutes after. Weak and low were her first faint words in fervent thanksgiving to God, while the tears streamed down her pale cheeks ; and in recollection of all the terrors of an early grave from which her deliverer had snatched her, she held out her hand to him and said * You saved me, Phelim; at the risk of your life you saved me; next to my God I owe you my thanks and gratitude! I never can forget it! But where, where is Sandy? Had they been but guided by him, and kept steady in the boat-Oh, that they had! But where is he? he is surely safe, for he could swim!" They had been so occupied in restoring those who had been brought in, that Sandy Wilson had not been missed till now; but missing he was, and gone with the rest. On searching for his body, the drag caught on the handkerchief which he still held in his hand, poor fellow, just as he had been waving his last farewell; and he was drawn up perfectly lifeless. It was supposed his head had come in contact with the boat, and that he had been stunned by the blow; for he was sober, and a tolerable swimmer, and should have had a better chance of escape than most of them. He left no mother to mourn him, and none but his poor old bereaved father to sigh over the desolation and misery of bis solitary hearth, no longer brightened by his cheerful smile or goodhumoured jest; but, above all, Neale thenceforth missed the prudent, active assistant in his affairs, and the dutiful, affectionate tenderness of a son who had always added to his pleasures and softened his troubles. But many other grey heads were bowed in the dust by the loss of that Black Easter Monday; nor should Neal Wilson have been singled from among them, had he not been the father of a rival thus unexpectedly removed from the path of Phelim M'Keever. Letty's constitution had received such a shock that her return to health and strength was slow, and her remaining delicacy exempted her from the importunate severity of her brother, who had, until now, insisted on her taking her portion of the labour of the farm in the spring time, and, what was harder still, her rig at the harvest. Gladly, cheerfully did she acquiesce in his wish at the hay-making or flaxpulling season, or in any of the lighter tasks better suited to her strength; but the delicacy of her make, the want of practice in such vocations, the domestic and feminine habits which she had acquired while under the care of her benefactress; all conspired to make the more laborious part of the task not only repugnant, but injurious. Often did her step-brother, who was a harsh, coarse boor, sneer at “the uselessness of weemen that had been brought up with the quality and their notions; fit for nothing in life but to sit up and be admired like silks in a window. What bargains of wives they'll make, and what useful sisters they are when a body's in need of a hand at the harvest or potato setting! The devil a thing myself sees to hinder the best of them to scale the soil or lay the praties to four spades. Sure there's the Mac Henry's, and every one of them can take her side of a rig with the best spade in the parish." "Well, Charlie," Letty would say, "I'm sure I am willing to do all you wish; but when some body must stay at home to make the meat ready, I may, as well as another." To spin, to milk, to cook, to pet, and tenderly to tend every living creature about the establishment, gave her delight and ample occupation, and Charlie's cottage, under her superintendence, soon wore a new aspect. His constant anxiety about his labour and his crops, and his want of taste for neatness or improvement had made him, year after year, look upon the pool before the door as a fixture. He would as soon have thought of levelling a mountain or draining a lake, as of clearing away the pool, or gravelling the causeway, or of making a by-road for the cattle, though they passed hourly between the door and the green, stagnant gutter where the ducks dabbled, the pigs luxuriated, frogs spawned, and animalculæ thickened the mud, while in its pestilent vapour hovered blight and sickness. But now, by Letty's entreaty, the pool was drained, the hollow filled, and formed into a pretty oval, bordered by bright sea-pink, and filled with all healing, odoriferous herbs: thyme, yarrow, sweet-william, and pinks plenished and beautified the little knot; while twining ivy, jessamine, perriwinkle, and honeysuckle were taught to give their green garlands in contrast to the white, rough-cast walls. The summer came, and Letty watched the buds and |