205. (Fig. 197.) VERATRUM VIRIDE. Veratrum. U. S. Fl. ex. 60. Tinct. 60. American or green veratrum, American hellebore, Indian poke, E. The rhizomes and rootlets of Veratrum viride Aiton, Liliaceæ. Odorless; somewhat disagreeable when moist. Very pungent, bitter. Epidermal cells brownish, rather thick-walled. Parenchyma cells medium in size, filled with compound starch granules; some raphides. Sclerenchyma cells with unequally thickened walls of endoderm sheath. of rhizome. Tracheids; reticulate and spiral ducts. Ash 13 per cent. Compare with Veratrum album. 88 a b a 80 Fig. 197. VERATRUM VIRIDE. a. Parenchyma cells with starch. b. Raphides. c. Epidermal cells vertical view. d. Sclerenchyma cells of endoderm, transverse view. e. Ducts and tracheids. f. Spiral duct. 206. (Fig. 198.) VIBURNUM OPULUS. Cramp Bark. Cranberry tree, E. Wasserholder, G. Obier, Fr. The bark of Viburnum opulus L., Caprifoliaceæ. Odorless. Bitter, astringent. Outer bark of small-celled, thick-walled cork; middle bark of small cells bearing reddish brown coloring matter. Numerous bast fibers and crystal bearing fibers. Some isolated larger, irregular, bent, twisted and branching bast cells. Numerous inner bark parenchyma cells with prismatic crystals. Some larger parenchyma cells with larger crystals. Ash 5 per cent. May contain an excess of adhering wood fiber. Sweet viburnum, E. Amerikanische Schneeballenbaumrinde, G. Aromatic, valerian-like odor. Bitter, somewhat astringent. Outer rather large-celled cork. Outer portion of middle bark of tangentially flattened cells bearing some starch. Inner parenchyma bearing numerous aggregate and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate. Numerous yellowish, thick-walled, porous sclerenchyma cells, some of which are branching. No bast, but some wood fibers from the wood are to be found. Ash 7.5 per cent. Bark may be gathered out of season and may contain admixtures of other barks. |