-Rush Elmore takes the oath of office as Associate Justice, before Gov. Reeder, at Fort Leavenworth.

OCTOBER 18.-Gov. Reeder, Judges Johnston and Elmore, and Marshal Donalson, go into the Territory, "to examine the same."

OCTOBER 19.-Robert L. Ream appointed Chief Clerk of Surveyor General. Miss Vinnie Ream is his daughter.

OCTOBER 21.-This is the date of the first number of the Kansas Herald of Freedom, published at Wakarusa, by G. W. Brown & Co. It was printed at Conneautville, Crawford county, Pa., where Mr. Brown had been publishing the Courier. No. 2 was printed in Kansas, and is dated Jan. 6, 1855, Lawrence City. No. 1 is a handsomely-printed and well-edited eightcolumn paper. During a part of 1855 and 1856 the paper was reduced to seven columns. A wood engraving in the centre of the head of the paper has been closely followed in our State seal. This number records the arrival in Kansas, on the 6th of September, of "the second Kansas party." It left Boston August 29th, was conducted by Chas. H. Branscomb, and contained between one and two hundred persons. They were publicly received at Albany and Rochester, New York. At Rochester, a Bible was presented to the emigrants, inscribed "To establish civil and religious liberty in Kansas," and an address delivered by Hon. Wm. C. Bloss. Bryant's poem, "The Prairies," is copied in the Herald, and the following poem written by Whittier:

A letter written from Kansas by Samuel N. Wood is copied from the National Era. Two files of the Herald of Freedom, neither complete, have been examined in preparing this book. One was bought by Chief Justice Kingman of Judge George W. Smith, of Lawrence, and one by Hon. David Dickinson, State Librarian, of James Christian, of Lawrence. Both files are now in the State House, and accessible to the public.

OCTOBER 26.-Birth of Lawrence Carter, the first child born in Lawrence. In June, 1875, the Atchison Champion published the following:

"A BRAVE LAWRENCE BOY.-Yesterday morning an accident happened down the

river, that but for the presence of mind and prompt action of Lawrence Carter, fireman on the yard-engine of the A. & N. road, would have proved fatal. A little son of D. G. Lett, about twelve years of age, was playing in the river and accidentally fell off the log on which he stood. The swift current immediately carried him out in the river, and he sank twice under water, when Lawrence Carter jumped from his engine and plunged into the river to save him."

The Lawrence Standard of July 1st, 1875, copies the above, and adds: "Rev. D. G. Lett until recently was a citizen of Lawrence, and the young man who saved his son's life was the first child born in Lawrence, and was therefore christened Lawrence Carter. A lot was then deeded to the boy by the Town Company. The lot is now in the centre of the city."

OCTOBER 31.-Sterling G. Cato takes the oath of office as Associate Justice.

- Pawnee was a town made by the officers at Fort Riley, viz., Col. Montgomery, Capt. Nathaniel Lyon, Dr. Hammond, Dr. Simmons, Lieut. Long, Robert Wilson, the Sutler, and others, most of them Free-State men, in the fall of 1854. By order of Jeff. Davis, Secretary of War, the boundaries of Fort Riley were so enlarged as to absorb the Free-State town of Pawnee. This was done in the summer of 1855. The order of Davis was not executed until fall, when Col. Cooke arrived from Texas. The settlers were then driven from Pawnee, and the buildings nearly destroyed.

NOVEMBER 6.-David R. Atchison made a speech in Platte county, Mo., of which the Platte Argus, of Nov. 6, gives the following report:

"Gen. Atchison said his mission here to-day was, if possible, to awaken the people of this county to the danger ahead, and to suggest the means to avoid it.

"The people of Kansas, in their first elections, would decide the question whether or not the slaveholder was to be excluded, and it depended upon a majority of the votes cast at the polls. Now if a set of fanatics and demagogues a thousand miles off could afford to advance their money and exert every nerve to abolitionize the Territory and exclude the slaveholder, when they have not the least personal interest, what is your duty? When you reside in one day's journey of the Territory, and when your peace, your quiet, and your property depend upon your action, you can, without an exertion, send five hundred of your young men who will vote in favor of your institutions. Should each county in the State of Missouri only do its duty, the question will be decided quietly and peaceably at the ballot-box. If we are defeated, then Missouri and the other Southern States will have shown themselves recreant to their interests, and will deserve their fate."

NOVEMBER 7.-The Governor returns from his journey into the Territory. NOVEMBER 8.—The Territory is divided into sixteen election districts, by Gov. Reeder.

NOVEMBER 10.-Proclamation from the Governor for the election of a Delegate to Congress, on the 29th inst.

-The office of Surveyor General opened for business at Fort Leavenworth.

-Marshal Donalson takes the oath of office before Judge Elmore.

—John A. Halderman, Private Secretary of Governor Reeder from November, 1854, to July 1st, 1855.

NOVEMBER 17.-The Leavenworth Herald of this date notes the appearance of the Kansas Pioneer, published at Kickapoo.

NOVEMBER 24.-Executive office removed to the house of Thos. Johnson, at the Shawnee Mission.

NOVEMBER 25.- Proclamation for the formation of the seventeenth election district.

NOVEMBER 29.-Attorney Isacks takes the oath of office before Governor Reeder.

NOVEMBER 29.- First election of Delegate to Congress. Whitfield is the Pro-Slavery candidate; Wakefield and Flenneken are Free-State men. ELECTION AND CENSUS OF NOVEMBER 29, 1854.

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DECEMBER 1.-A daily mail is established between Weston and Leavenworth, and the Herald hopes that Leavenworth may yet have a post office.

DECEMBER 3.-J. M. Burrell takes the oath of office as Associate Justice. DECEMBER 4.-Judges of election make returns of election held November 29.

DECEMBER 5.-Topeka founded by C. K. Holliday, M. C. Dickey, F. W. Giles, and others.

-J. W. Whitfield declared by the Governor duly elected Delegate to Congress, and certificate of election issued. Whitfield took his seat. The Thirty-third Congress ended March 3, 1855. The brevity of the session prevented Republicans from making a contest.

-Samuel D. Lecompte takes the oath of office as Chief Justice, before Governor Reeder.

DECEMBER 23.-The first Free-State meeting, reported in the Herald of Freedom, was held at Lawrence. Rev. S. S. Snyder was Chairman, and Charles Robinson Secretary. Resolutions were reported by John Speer and Samuel N. Wood. John A. Wakefield, C. K. Holliday, S. Y. Lum and James S. Emery took part in the meeting.

DECEMBER 25.-At a meeting held in Lafayette county, Missouri, the following resolution was adopted:

"Resolved, That we, the shippers, merchants, planters, and citizens generally, of Lafayette county, deem it an act of injustice that steamboats on the Missouri river

should give their aid or countenance to the base attempt to abolitionize the Territory of Kansas by aiding or forwarding any persons who may be sent by Abolition societies thereto, or in giving aid or assistance to any such object; and that in our trading, shipping and travelling we will give preference to such boats as will refuse their aid and comfort to such emigration as may be forwarded by any Abolition society for such purposes."

- A book published, with the following title: "A Journey Through Kansas; with Sketches of Nebraska: Describing the Country, Climate, Soil, Mineral, Manufacturing and other Resources. The Results of a Tour made in the Autumn of 1854. By Rev. Chas. B. Boynton and T. B. Mason, Committee from the 'Kansas League,' of Cincinnati. With a new and authentic Map, from Official Sources. Cincinnati: Moore, Wilstach, Keys & Co., 1855." pp. 216. The map is about eight inches by six in size, and shows the region between the Missouri river and the Rocky Mountains. It is "Redrawn from official sources, with emendations, by H. V. Boynton." It is not a book of events or politics, but a pleasant description of a delightful journey. The writers ardently desired that Kansas might be free. Leavenworth, visited in September, 1854, is thus described:

"A squatter city has little resemblance to any other city; it belongs to a distinct genus of cities. This is a large and important one, the capital, as many hope, of Kansas, and is therefore worthy of description. There was one steam-engine, 'naked as when it was born,' but at work, sawing out its clothes. There were four tents, all on one street, a barrel of water or whiskey under a tree, and a pot, on a pole over a fire. Under a tree, a type-sticker had his case before him, and was at work on the first number of the new paper; and within a frame, without a board on side or roof, was the editor's desk and sanctum. When we returned from the Territory to Weston, we saw the 'Notice,' stating that the editor had removed his office from under the elm tree to the corner of Broadway and the Levee.' This Broadway was, at that time, much broader than the streets of old Babylon; for, with the exception of the Fort, there was, probably, not a house on either side for thirty miles."

Fort Riley and Council Grove are visited, and Stinson's, "where the town of Tecumseh has been laid out." Lawrence is spoken of as follows: "Just before sunset we reached the 'Yankee settlement.' A few tents were pitched on the high ground overlooking the Kansas and Waukereusa valleys, others were scattered over the level bottoms below, but not a dwelling beside was to be seen. It was a city of tents alone. We were cordially received by the intelligent and active agent, Dr. Robinson, from whom we learned, with much satisfaction, the plans and expectations of the Company. We had a comfortable night's rest in Dr. Robinson's tent, and in the morning were introduced to the only 'boarding house on the hill.' Two very intelligent ladies, from Massachusetts, had united their forces and interests, and had taken boarders.' In the open air, on some logs of wood, two rough boards were laid across for a table, and on wash-tubs, and kegs, and blocks, they and their boarders were seated round it. This was the first boarding-house in the new city of Lawrence. All were cheerful, hopeful and full of energy, and the scene reminded me of Plymouth Rock."

-During the years 1854 and 1855, by treaties with the Chippewa tribe, nearly all of the lands owned by them were ceded to the United States. A number of reservations, limited in extent, were set apart for the different bands. One of these was in Kansas.

-The Chippewas, or Ojibways, are a tribe of American Indians, the type of the Algonquin stock, and were occupants from our earliest historical period of the basin of Lake Superior.

1855.

JANUARY.-The Easton (Pa.) Argus says:

"We have just seen the seal of the Territory of Kansas, engraved by Robert Lovett, of Philadelphia, according to the design of Gov. Reeder. It consists of a shield with two supporters, surmounted by a scroll motto, and is emblematic of the life of the pioneer and the agriculturist. The lower compartment of the shield contains the buffalo and the hunter; the upper contains the implements of agriculture. The left-hand supporter is a pioneer with his smock frock, leggins, rifle, and tomahawk; whilst on the right is the goddess Ceres with her sheaf; at their feet, and between them, lie a fallen tree and an axe. The motto is a beautiful allusion to the principle on which the Territory was organized, and consists of 'Populi voce,' thus translated-Born of the popular will."

JANUARY.-Major Dorn, U. S. Indian Agent, concludes treaties with the Seneca, Shawnee and Quapaw Indians.

JANUARY 19.-A tri-weekly mail between Leavenworth and the Fort is paid for by private subscription. Lewis N. Rees, "without fee or reward," acts as postmaster.

JANUARY 22.-Gov. A. H. Reeder issues a precept to certain persons to take a census.

JANUARY 31.-The Wyandottes cede to the United States the country purchased by them of the Delawares, December 14, 1843, with a few special exceptions.

-Teesdale, Elkins & Co., Akron, Ohio, print a "History of Kansas and Emigrant's Guide," by "J. Butler Chapman, Esq., a Resident since its Settlement." Mr. Eugene M. Cole, of Indianola, Shawnee county, a very intelligent printer, owns a well-worn copy of this peculiar book. Has any other new State called out so many books and newspapers? This book contains 116 pages. The writer was known in Kansas, where he spent a few months, as John B. Chapman. He was a candidate for Delegate to Congress, and the projector of "Whitfield City." Of Lawrence, Mr. Chapman says:

"A printing press was established at this town in October, (1854,) by the enterprise of John and Joseph Speer, of Medina, Ohio; and another has followed since, from Pennsylvania; but we know the Speers are the pioneer editors to Lawrence City."

FEBRUARY 1.-The Kansas Free-State Society formed at Lawrence: R. G. Elliott President, E. D. Ladd and John Speer Secretaries.-- C. W. Babcock appointed Postmaster at Lawrence.

FEBRUARY 3.-Robert S. Kelley and John H. Stringfellow start the Squatter Sovereign, at Atchison. In 1857, it became a Free-State paper, and was edited by Robert McBratney and Frank G. Adams. John A. Martin bought the office, and changed the name of the paper to the Champion, February 28, 1858. The Daily Champion came out March 22, 1865. This is the oldest newspaper office in the State.

FEBRUARY 9.-There are three Free-Soil newspapers in Lawrence: The Herald of Freedom, Kansas Tribune, and the Kansas Free State. The Tribune is published by John and Joseph L. Speer; the Free State by Robert G. Elliott and Josiah Miller.