World Trade Center Building Performance Study: Data Collection, Preliminary Observations, and RecommendationsGovernment Printing Office, 2002 |
Содержание
Chapter | 1-2 |
Chapter | 1-7 |
WTC 4 5 and | 1-8 |
H Acronyms and Abbreviations | 1-21 |
Figure 21 Representative floor plan based on floor plan for 94th and 95th floors | 2-1 |
WTC 1 and WTC 2 | 2-2 |
Figure 524 Areas of potential transfer truss failure | 2-5 |
Figure 24 Base of exterior wall frame | 2-7 |
Observations Findings and Recommendations | 8-1 |
Appendix C | 8-2 |
Chapter 6 | 8-6 |
Appendix | 8-7 |
A Overview of Fire Protection in Buildings | 1 |
Figure | 2 |
Table A 1 Peak Heat Release Rates of Various Materials NFPA | 3 |
Figure | 6 |
Figure 212 Floor plan of 94th and 95th floors of WTC 1 showing egress stairways 214 | 2-14 |
Figure 219 Redistribution of load after aircraft impact 220 | 2-20 |
1 Estimated Openings in Exterior Walls of WTC 1 223 | 2-23 |
Figure 221 Buckling of columns initiated by failure of floor joist connections 226 | 2-26 |
Figure 228 Conflagration and debris exiting the north wall of WTC 2 behind WTC 1 231 | 2-31 |
Figure 224 Southeast corner of WTC 2 shortly after aircraft impact 228 | 3-2 |
Figure 520 | 3-5 |
Figure 38 Remains of WTC 3 after collapse of WTC 1 and WTC 2 | 4-2 |
WTC 3 | 4-3 |
WTC 7 | 4-7 |
Figure 48 Damage to WTC 6 | 4-8 |
Figure 413 WTC 5 on fire 413 | 4-13 |
Figure 422 Connection samples 419 | 4-19 |
1 WTC 7 Tenants | 5-2 |
Figure 51 Foundation plan WTC 7 | 5-3 |
Figure 58 Truss 2 detail | 5-9 |
2 WTC 7 Fuel Distribution Systems 514 | 5-14 |
Figure 512 Sequence of debris generated by collapses of WTC 2 1 and 7 517 | 5-17 |
Bankers Trust Building | 6-1 |
1 DOBSEAONY Cooperative Building Damage Assessment | 7-3 |
712 | 7-12 |
November 7 2001 | 7-20 |
Table A 2 Fire Duration in Previous Fire Incidents in Steelframe | 10 |
Figure | 11 |
Figure A7 Modulus of elasticity at elevated temperatures for structural | 13 |
Table A 4 Test Methods for Sprayapplied Fireproofing Materials A18 | 18 |
Life Safety A23 | 23 |
Figure 612 Office at north side of the 8th floor | 24 |
Figure A15 Estimated evacuation times for highrise buildings A26 | 26 |
B Structural Steel and Steel Connections | 1 |
Chapter 1 | 2 |
Examples of WTC 1 and WTC 2 Connection Capacity | 7 |
Figure B9 A Viscoelastic damper angles bolted to angle welded to spandrel plate | 11 |
A12 | 12 |
References B14 | 14 |
Figure 11 WTC site map | 1 |
Figure C11 Microstructure of a typical region showing the surface and grain boundary | 7 |
WTC Steel Data Collection | 15 |
Appendix D | 2 |
Peripheral Buildings | 7 |
Figure D10 Measured dimensions of the steel pieces | 8 |
Figure D12 Coupon cut from WTC 5 showing web tearout at bolts | 9 |
E Aircraft Information | |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
7th floor 90 West Street A36 steel additional aircraft impact approximately ASTM Bankers Trust Bankers Trust building behavior bolts buckling building codes building occupants building performance cantilever Collapse Due collapse of WTC column lines column splices core columns design and construction developed east egress elevators emergency evacuation exterior columns exterior wall façade face of WTC failure FDNY feet fire damage fire exposure Fire Protection Engineering fire test fireballs fireproofing flange floor framing floor slabs heat impact damage inches initiated jet fuel Liberty Plaza located material modeling partial collapse perimeter columns plate portion pump resulting roof SEAONY sections September 11 shear connections shown in Figure spandrel sprinkler stairways steel framing strength structural damage structural engineers structural members structural system tanks temperature tensile transfer girders typical Verizon welded WEST ST West Street World Trade Center WTC towers Yellow Moderate Damage yield strength