S. HRG. 101-555, PT. 4 ADMINISTRATION OF NATIVE JOINT HEARINGS BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE AND THE COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS 34-353 ONE HUNDRED FIRST CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON OVERSIGHT HEARING ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF NATIVE AUGUST 10, 1989 ᏢᎪᎡᎢ 4 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1990 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office ՈՐ/ՕՐ SELECT COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii, Chairman DENNIS DECONCINI, Arizona ALAN R. PARKER, Staff Director ERIC EBERHARD, Minority Staff Director/Counsel FRANK H. MURKOWSKI, Alaska THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi SLADE GORTON, Washington COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MORRIS K. UDALL, Arizona, Chairman GEORGE MILLER, California JAMES MCCLURE CLARKE, North Carolina WAYNE OWENS, Utah LEWIS, Georgia BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American JAMES A. MCDERMOTT, Washington Ranking Republican Member DENNY SMITH, Oregon BARBARA F. VUCANOVICH, Nevada JOHN J. RHODES III, Arizona STANLEY SCOVILLE, Staff Director and Counsel RICHARD A. AGNEW, Chief Minority Counsel CHRISTINE A. KENNEDY, Minority Clerk (II) CONTENTS Aikala, George, Waiehu Kou Homestead, Island of Maui, Hawaii Akaka, Hon. Daniel K., U.S. Representative from Hawaii. Akuna, Meiling Kaui'okalani Elizabeth, chairperson, Interim Govern- Andrade, Dr. Naleen, Native Hawaiian Health Organization Clubb, Genevieve, president, Waiehu Kou Homestead Association Ichikawa, Dennis, Maui Tax Office Ing, Mahealani, executive director, Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation Inouye, Hon. Daniel K., U.S. Senator from Hawaii, chairman, Select Kaleaipuu, Benjamin, Pokukalo Hawaiian Homes Community Associa- Kanahele, Kamaki, chairman, State Council of Hawaiian Homestead As- McKinzie, Edith Kawelohea Kapule....... Naone, Jeremiah, president, Waiohuli-Keokea Oshiro, Masaru, executive director, Alu Like, Honolulu, HI.. Paty, William, chairman, Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Price, Warren, attorney general, Hawaii Pi'ianaia, Ilima, chairman, Department of Hawaiian Home Lands Takamura, Jeanette, director, Executive Office on Aging, Hawaii. 23, 81, 87 10, 46 Cachola, Julie (with attachments). Clubb, Genevieve (with letters).. Kanaka'ole, Parley (with attachments). Kelley, Angeline (with attachments).... Lewin, John, director, Department of Health, Hawaii McGregor, Davianna (with attachments)... McKinzie, Edith Kawelohea Kapule (with attachments) Oshiro, Masaru Pi'ianaia, Ilima (with attachments). Additional material submitted for the record: de la Vega, Joseph, letters........ Ichikawa, Dennis, memorandum.......................... Note.-Other material submitted for the record will be retained in committee files. 556 512 519, 554 277 150, 294 PREFACE TESTIMONY FOR SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS To Senator Inouye, to the members of this committee, to ka Lahui Hawai'i, and all others present today, aloha ia kakou a pau! My name is Pualani Kanaka'ole Kanahele. I am a full blooded Hawaiian born and raised in Hilo. I am a product of the Keaukaha Hawaiian Homesteads. I now live on the Hawaiian Homes farmlots of Waiakea/Pana'ewa. As we were growing up in Keaukaha, the natural environment was an important factor in developing our character, likes and dislikes. The ocean was close at hand and we gather limu, pipipi, 'opihi and catch reef fish for our meals. The ocean was a major recreational element for us. Because of the lack of soil, gardening was not practical, instead raising pigs, chickens and ducks for food products or exchange products was more suitable. The streams were easy to drive to, therefore gathering ho'io, 'opae and 'o'opu added to our activities and diet. Hala was plentiful and we collected the leaves of the hala for making mats, hats, fans and slippers. The forest, which was cut away when the new airport runway_was put in, provided lehua, maile and medicinal herbs. Hawaiian Language was still spoken in the home, in churches and certainly among friends. These activities were not unique for any one family but was a common practice among most of the families of Keaukaha. These activities was a lifestyle or way of life for us. Another factor which insured and maintained this lifestyle is being comforted in the knowledge that we had a piece of land to live on, have your children, raise a family and recognize as an "one hanau" (birth place) by many generations. Family identification gives one a feeling of pride and acceptance, however, place identification, such as ahupua's, 'apana or mokupuni, elevates ones self-esteem, he/she is then regarded as an 'onipa'a" (steadfast, dependable), "maka'ainana" (friend of the land), kua'aina (backbone of the land), or "keiki o ka ‘aina" (product of the land). Land identity is self identity To connect one's self to the "Ancestral Land" is to acquire extreme pride and self-esteem, this is another level of land identification. When land becomes the home for the living and the bones of our kupuna (ancestors), as well, it is indeed "ancestral land". The archipelago is our (Hawaiian) "ancestral land". We have lived here for many generations, raised our children here, prayed to our gods, lived in harmony with our environment and we buried our love ones here. Their essence still remain in this ground we can no longer call our "ancestral land". |