we (Papists) apostatized, and how can it be proved?" William, instead of entering into a controversy which might have proved worse than useless, gently reproved him for his wrath, saying, "Friend, it becometh not a spiritual man to be so furious, but meek, peaceable and gentle;" at which the countenance of the priest fell, and he had little more to say. The Inquisitor then demanded of William what his opinion was of what they called the sacrament, to which he wisely answered, that "Christ said the flesh profiteth little. It is the spirit that quickeneth." So ignorant of the holy Scriptures was this Inquisitor, that he seemed quite surprised and at a loss about the words, and turning to the priest, asked "How is that?" The priest, but little more knowing than his superior, studied awhile and then said he remembered there was such a saying. Much more passed, of which no account has been preserved; and then the Inquisitor plainly asked William if he would turn Catholic? To which he made this sensible reply" If I should do so for fear or favor of you, the Lord not requiring it of me, I should not have peace in my conscience, and the displeasure of the Lord would be more intolerable than yours. Compelling people does but make them hypocrites, and can not truly change the heart." Thus were they sifted and tempted from day to day, for a week, when their persecutors being unable to find any thing on which to ground their accusation, determined to resort to the cruel expedient of the rack, in the hope of making them accuse themselves. Of this, William Moore, who appears to have been chiefly under examination, and the principal sufferer, gives the following narrative, viz. : "Notwithstanding our innocence, the governor would have us racked, which from the relation I had heard of it seemed a cruel torture; and in those days I often poured forth my supplications to the Lord with tears. On the eighth day they made ready benches to sit on, lighted the candle and put John out of his room, and sent for me, the Inquisitor sitting there with two other officers, and the marshal and hang man. 6 I "The Inquisitor began by saying, William, that you may not.think we deal with you as tyrants, we will now lay the matter before you, that you may tell what you know in time, for if you be racked you will be but a miserable man, and must have your head cut off besides.' told him, I had done no evil that I knew of, nor had I any such thing in my heart against them.' Then he read a few lines, which were to this import, We, Leopold, Emperor, &c., &c., having been informed that two impeached persons, John Phillly and William Moore, have been found by our frontier garrisons, our desire is that they should be racked, to know their intent.'"' It is more than probable that this pretended order of the Emperor for the torture of these harmless Friends, was a mere forgery, got up by the Inquisitor and his abettors to answer their evil designs. The narrative proceeds: "The hangman, according to order, put an iron screw upon my thumbs and screwed them hard, and bade me tell out. Then he slacked it a little, and again screwed them harder than before; but this not answering their purpose, he was commanded to proceed further. Accordingly he tied a small cord about my wrists behind my back, and another cord around my ancles with a block of wood between my feet. Then he drew me up on the ladder and tied my hands to it, and then forced my body quite from the ladder. At the first pull my left arm was put out of joint with a loud crack, being tied up shorter than the other; and the executioner was ordered to put it in again. He accordingly slacked the cords, and then they proceeded to question me, having three things especially to ask. First, Why I asked the student if one should come and say he intended to buy something of them, would they kill him? Second: Why we had desired to be set over the water at the town, and who was the author of it? Third: Why I had written down some of the names of the garrisons and other places, notwithstanding I had them in the maps. "The Inquisitor would also force me to tell whether John Philly was an engineer, a gunner or a minister. The suspicion of his being a minister was put into their heads by an Irishman who acted as interpreter between me and them, and who had an implacable hatred to Englishmen, and especially to ministers, as I afterwards plainly understood from his own mouth. I answered, and kept to it, that he was a husbandman and a maltman, and that I knew him not until he came to Amsterdam. The Inquisitor then asked me if I had a mind to go to the Turks and become one of them? I said I had rather die than be one. "In the mean time my body was so racked, that my chin was close to my breast, and my mouth so closed that I was almost choked and could not well speak, and I should not wish any one to experience the painful torture I endured; and when the cords were slacked my sufferings were almost as great as when they pulled them. Yet still they would be questioning me so that I asked them where was their Christian love, and whether they were doing to me, as they would wish to be done unto. The doors being shut and guarded, I spoke and cried aloud in order that the people might hear, and bear witness what they were doing to me. They seemed determined to force something out of me, and I told them that by such means they might compel persons to say more than they knew, as I be. lieved many had done, in order to be out of their pain. I had rather they had beheaded me at or interrupt any people in their worship; or pre9. Let none run, in their own wills, to disturb sume to prophesy, in their own spirits, against any nation, town, city, people, or person. once, as they threatened to do, than to torture | nothing be offered with a view to popularity, but "They then brought in John Philly, who not seeing me and having heard me cry out a little before, supposed I had been hanged on the private gallows and put out of the way. was resigned and steadfast, being confident in But he the Lord, who had sealed it upon his mind, before he came forth, that he should have his life for a prey. They put four questions to him to answer, and his thumbs were screwed and he was twice drawn upon the ladder, when he cried out, Innocent. They asked the interpreter what that was; and when he told them, they were smitten in their consciences and left off. Probably they gave over tormenting John the sooner, because if there had been any evil design in us they would have been more likely to get it out of me, whom they appeared to take more pleasure in torturing, as they could understand me and I them. [To be continued.] From the Discipline of London Yearly Meeting, 1792. 1. Let all be cautious of using unnecessary preambles, and of laying too great stress on their testimony, by too positively asserting a divine motion; the baptizing power of truth accompanying the words, being the true evidence. 2. Let all be careful not to misquote or misapply the Holy Scriptures; and be frequent in reading them. 3. Let Ministers be careful how they enter upon disputed points in their testimony; or make such objections as they do not clearly answer; or give repeated expectations of coming to a conclusion. 4. Let all be cautious of hurting meetings by unnecessary additions towards the conclusion, when the meeting was left well before. service of truth, be careful not to make their 10. Let Ministers, when they travel in the visits burthensome, or the gospel chargeable. 11. Let Ministers and Elders be careful to examples of meekness, temperance, patience and keep their whole conversation unspotted, being charity. 12. And lastly, as prayer and thanksgiving performed in spirit and in truth, with a right are an especial part of worship, they must be understanding seasoned with grace. Therefore let Ministers be careful how and what they offer in prayer, avoiding many words and repetitions ; and let all be cautious of too often repeating the high and holy name of God, or his attributes, by a long conclusion: neither let prayer be in a formal and customary way to conclude a meeting, nor without an awful sense of divine influence. For Friends' Intelligencer. from the message of Governor Adams, to the In No. 38 of your paper, I find an extract Legislature of South Carolina, relative to slavery and the slave trade, in which he says, "If the trade be piracy, the slave must be plunder, and no ingenuity can avoid the logical necessity of such a conclusion." Now if the Governor be right in his conclusion, by the same logic it is equally slave is plunder. conclusive that the produce of the labor of the labor, and emancipation follows inevitably." Again he says, "destroy the value of slave Here are the conclusions of a ruler in the South, indissolubly associated with this form (the slave of a man who "says my hopes and fortunes are form) of society." If the Governor had not told connected with slavery, we might see by the drift us that his hopes and fortunes were so intimately of his message, that he desired to continue it to almost an indefinite period of time, asserting that it is a divine institution. him in profession, for we believe slavery to be Now, my friends, we are a people differing from 5. Let all avoid unbecoming tones, sounds, and a sin in the sight of the divine Creator. one of the greatest outrages committed on man, gestures, and all affectation; which are not agree-Therefore it behooves us to consider whether the able to Christian gravity. 6. Men and women are advised against travel-be true or false; for if true, we are like unto him premises and conclusions of our Southern brother ling as companions in the work of the Ministry, to avoid all occasions of offence. 7. Let all beware of too much familiarity, which, biassing the judgment, and producing an undue attachment, tends to hurt. 8. Let Ministering Friends be careful not to hurt each other's service in meetings; but let every one have a tender regard for others. Let in perpetuating the evil of slavery, though unlike lieve it to be wrong. Therefore it behooves us, him as regards the rightfulness of it, for we beagain, to adopt some means by which we as a slavery. And before I give you my plan, I will society may be washed clean from the sin of make a few remarks on the possibility of carrying it out--the possibility of obtaining the raw material, FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER. It appears from the message above named that the British dominions produce more cotton now than was grown in the United States in 1820, or 35 years ago, and that in 1855, 202 millions of pounds were shipped to Great Britain of free cotton. This annual produce of the East will find its way to the highest market. Again, it is known that there is a considerable amount produced by small planters in Texas and elsewhere in the States, which if proper agencies were employed could be collected. As regards groceries, little need be said, for it is well known that the West Indies are generally free, and if there was a demand, those goods would flow to us. Thus we see that the raw material can be had. Now for the plan. I would desire it to be a Yearly Meeting concern, that every member might be enlisted in the good work. Then let the Yearly Meeting appoint a judicious committee to ascertain the amount likely to be necessary to establish a factory to manufacture cotton goods, and a store or stores to vend them and other free articles, and to report; then another committee to solicit donations, to raise the desired amount. When this is done let a committee be appointed out of the manufacturing and mercantile class of society (for they are most suitable, as their labor would not be much changed) to establish and carry on the work, subject to the advice and control of the representative committee, who should hold the funds, contract with, and pay the former committee (or I might say agents) for their labor, and report the state of the concern to the Yearly Meeting. This is a synopsis of my plan for washing our hands clean of the blood of the slave, and finally the abolition of the system; for we having put the candle in the candle-stick, the people seeing the light would come and join us in the good work, so that slave labor would be unprofitable, and in the language of the Governor, "emancipation follows inevitably." I urge this on your consideration. I urge it on the serious consideration of every Friend, it being a peaceful and lawful means, for we see the government is in the slaveholding power. 350,000 slaveholders shaping the destinies of the nation, and desiring to extend the area of slavery and fill the vacancy by reopening the foreign slave trade, and shall we continue to assist them by our support? or shall we withdraw that support by adopting the proper plan, or some other on the same principles? I respectfully ask that the above may have a place in your paper. A FRIEND. "The rose of Florida, the most beautiful of flowers, emits no fragrance; the bird of Paradise, the most beautiful of birds, gives no song; the cypress of Greece, the finest of trees, yields no fruit." THE PROPHET ISAIAH. By faithfulness to the revealings of the spirit of prophecy were the perceptions of this servant of the Lord enlarged and made exceedingly clear. In the effulgence of heavenly vision he exclaimed, "I saw the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple; above it stood the seraphim with outstretched wings, and one cried and said, Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts, the whole earth is full of his glory; and the posts of the door moved at the voice of him that spake." Then he saw his wretchedness as a man, and said, "Woe is me, I am undone; I am a man of unclean lips, I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips, for nine eyes have seen the King, the Lord of hosts. Then flew one of the seraphim unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken from off the altar, and he laid it upon my mouth and said, Lo, this "" After the ordeal of hath touched thy lips, thy iniquity is taken away, thy sin purged. purification had passed by, the query was preNow he was sented, "whom shall we send, and who will go for us?" "Here am I, send me." prepared and willing to convey messages from the Almighty, to admonish and encourage his brethren, to warn them against the spoiler, and to caution them to beware of the treacherous dealer, to guard them against delusions through whatever channel they might come, and he said to them in the name of the Lord, "the leaders He saw the of the people cause them to err, and they that are led of them are destroyed." mighty torrent of evils that abounded amongst them, and the avenues by which they entered; and proffered a remedy that should be equal and efficient for all, in the child promised, the son given, whose name should be called Wonderful, Counsellor, Mighty God, the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace. He should teach the whole counsel of God, and lead in the way everlasting. Of the increase of his government and peace there should be no end; upon him should the spirit of the Almighty rest, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, and knowledge in the fear of the Lord. To him should the gathering of the people be, and every man should sit under his vine, and his fig tree, and none could make them afraid; under the shadow of his wing he would gather the Gentiles, and his rest should be glorious. Then anthems of praise would ascend from the altar of purified hearts, "Sing unto the Lord, for he hath done excellent things, this is known in all the earth;" he hath caused the arrogancy of the haughty to cease, he hath laid low the terrible, saying in his majesty, "I will make a man more precious than fine gold, yea, than the golden wedge of Ophir." Such was the state of this holy Seer; his heart being illuminated by grace and enlarged in love, clothed with the wisdom of the Highest, moved by his power, and enlightened by his spirit, he looked far down the vista of future ages, and beheld the blessings of that glorious era, when shadows should flee before substance, and truth take the place of ceremonies, when there would be no necessity of saying to a neighbor or a brother, how shall we know the Lord, for himself would be their teacher, and all should know him from the least to the greatest; he would put his law in the heart, and print it in the thoughts so plain they that run might read. Then the Lord would be their everlasting light, their God, their glory. Kings should come to it, and princes to the brightness of its arising; the nations of those that are saved must walk in it, and so brilliant should be its inshinings, "The light of the moon would be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun sevenfold, as the light of seven days." S. HUNT. FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER. PHILADELPHIA FIRST MONTH 3, 1857. In our paper last week a typographical error occurred in the date of the notice of the death of John Wickham, which should read 1856 instead of 1826. DIED, On the 30th of 11th mo. 1856, aged about forty-seven, SARAH W. EVANS, wife of Nathan Evans, of Evesham, New Jersey, and daughter of Joshua and Sarah Roberts of the same place. -, At his residence near Moorestown, N. J., on the 13th of 11th mo. 1856, BENJAMIN WARRINGTON, in the 83d year of his age. His patient waiting until the period of his departure should arrive, and his quiet and peaceful close, evince the truth of the declaration, "see in what peace a Christian can die." He was a constant attendant at all meetings of which he was a member, and an elder nearly all the latter half of his long and peaceful life. His house was, to an unusual extent, the home and resting place of Friends travelling in Truth's service, favor him with their company, for truly he seemed also the welcome retreat of all Friends who chose to to think it a favor. For Friends' Intelligencer. Friendship-sacred friendship-were it not for thy benign influence how many pleasant places would be rendered desolate, how many hearts lonely and miserable. The desert places of earth are brightened by thy smiles, and the weary sons and daughters of toil are rendered happy by thy presence. None but the purest and holiest feelings should be offered at thy shrine; and the unhallowed things of earth should come within thy reach only to be transformed into beauty and purity by the influence of thy power. Thou hast been called a golden chain, and truly, for what brighter link than thine can cheer the way-worn traveller over life's tempestuous sea? Thou lightest the path of the student with thy brilliant ray, thou sheddest a genial light over the chequered life of the seaman, and thou deignest even to enter the humble cottage of the peasant, scattering smiles along his toilsome way. This earth would indeed be a dreary place, a wilderness for the mind to dwell in, were it not for the sunny spots occasioned by thy presence. Then cherish friendship-true friendship-for a true friend is a priceless treasure, but alas! too seldom found. "A friend is worth all hazards we can run. THE LATEST PROMISE OF THE IRON AGE. It would require some little measure of consideration to determine what characteristic would best express the spirit of the present age. When the attention is fixed upon the doings in Australia and California, golden seems to be not altogether an inappropriate epithet. A few days since, we chanced to be present in a large meeting, in which a ci-devant lecturer, who assumed the nom de guerre of Parallax-Paradox, no doubt he meant-challenged the collective forces of science to a tourney, undertaking to prove against them all, that our good old jolly round world is flat: whereupon, for a little time, we were constrained to feel that the age was a very brazen one. Glancing from the brazen oracle to its hearers, the suspicion presently arose, that wooden might prove more apt than either brazen or golden. On the fast banks of the Cam, again, the idea always presents itself that mercurial is the proper designation. But then, in moments of quiet reflection, that huge tubular bridge, which carries railway-trains from Caernarvon to Anglessey, across an intervening arm of the sea, comes back to the mind; and that mighty leviathan, too, which is building at Millwall, and which promises, after a short interval of preparation, to rush round the world every three months, with a burden of 25,000 tons in its ferruginous shell. Yes, there is in the composition of this wondrous age an ingredient of higher importance than either wood or mercury, gold or brass, and which does very much more to confer upon it a predominant feature. The age is really an iron one. Iron, in the hands of science, is doing more for the benefit of humanity, and for the advance of civilization, than any other material agent that has been engaged in beneficent service since the civilized history of mankind began. The peculiarity which is chiefly operative in rendering iron of high value in the constructive arts, is the extraordinary tenacity with which the little molecules of the metal hold together. They grasp each other so tightly, that it requires a very powerful wrench to tear them asunder. An iron bar, of the same size as an oak beam, that would be crushed by a weight of 400 pounds, will bear 2000 pounds, and come out of the trial unscathed. A square piece of sound-wrought iron, one inch thick and one inch long, is capable of sustaining a weight of eleven tons concentred upon its middle. several impurities which cannot endure heat, and becomes somewhat light and spongy. Then it is placed in alternate layers, with coke or charcoal, and lime, and the whole is subjected to a refining fire of a blast-furnace. The corrosive oxygen of the ore, under this treatment, capriciously finds that it has a much stronger affection for one of the new-comers, the charcoal, than for its old associate, the sturdy metal; and so takes up with its fresh companion, and flies away with it in the state of vapor, vanishing through the air. The flint and clay, in the same way, make the discovery that they are near relatives of the lime, and forthwith strike up a sort of family union, forming among them an earthy scum or slag. The iron, fairly put upon its mettle by this base desertion, waxes furiously hot, and melts into a liquid. The superintendents of the process, catching it at this advantage, snatch away the earthy scum from an upper opening in the furnace, and draw off the molten mass through a lower one, into channels and moulds prepared for its reception. When it runs into these moulds it has lost the principal part of the impurities with which it was combined; it still, however,. retains enough to interfere with its constructional integrity. It has still mingled with its mass five per cent. of carbon, and smaller quantities of sulphur, phosphorus, and other similar ingredi ents, which have the effect of rendering its grain coarse, and its consistence brittle. When it has cooled in the moulds, in this semi-purified state, it constitutes the crude pig-iron, or cast-iron of the manufacturers. This cast iron has three times less tenacity, and once and a half less resiliency, or power of recovering its original condition, when slightly interfered with, than the metal possesses in its purest form. But there are other properties accompanying this fivefold oak-power of iron, which are of scarcely inferior importance in a practical point of view. By the instrumentality of the steamroller and steam-hammer, and by the power of heat, the metal can be fashioned into any shape that is required; and by the processes of weld ing and riveting, masses can be provided of any size. It seems literally that art is now able to oppose to the rude forces of nature iron structures capable of resisting any amount of destructive violence they can bring into play. The hollow beam which lies across the Menai Strait allows railway-trains, laden with hundreds of tons, to be shot through it almost without causing it to bend from the straight line. The Great Brifain steam-ship remained stranded for months on the rocky coast of Ireland, amidst the fury of the Atlantic breakers, almost without a strain. The Great Eastern steam-ship, when completed, if taken up by its extreme ends, an eighth of a mile asunder, with 25,000 tons hanging from its middle, would sustain the weight as if it were no more than twenty-five ounces. The utmost violence of winds and waves will no doubt be trifles when compared with its powers of endurance. Even the hurricane bursting broadside upon the marine giant, will scarcely disturb its equanimity as it floats upon the ocean. Such are the strength and the adaptability of iron! Then, too, iron is dug from the ground. It lies ready for use upon the earth in inexhaustible masses, which require only to be taken from their natural repositories, and to be prepared for the uses to which mechanics desire to apply them. There, however, is the rub: they must be prepared before they can be used. The strength and malleability of the metal are entirely dependent upon its purity; and the native ore contains various earthy minerals besides the metallic iron. It is composed of flint, clay, carbon, sulphur, and phosphorus, besides that subtile corrosive agent which holds its court un-mains tolerably pure iron, which is taken from seen in the transparent atmosphere, and which chemists call oxygen-that oxygen which is the lurking principle of rust. All these things are mingled together, in what seems to be inextricable confusion, in iron ore. The workers of the metal, however, know the confusion must not be inextricable, and accordingly, by the persevering effort of ingenuity and skill, they have devised a way to extricate the giant from its entanglement. First, they roast the ore; that is, they expose it to considerable heat, by making heaps of mixed coal and ore, and setting fire to the The roasted ore gets to be deprived of In order that cast iron may be brought into the purest condition the metal can assume, it is again melted in a fierce furnace, and then, when molten, it is splashed about with the end of an iron rod. Corrosive oxygen floating round in the air, thus invited, enters again upon its old pranks; seizes more of the carbon, sulphur, and phosphorus, and flies off with them as vapor. The remains of other less abundant impurities collect into a slight scum, and there then re the furnace as it consolidates in cooling, and trensferred to the anvil, to be there knocked and kneaded by the hammer, until it gets dense and close-grained, or rather close-fibred, under the repeated assaults. This process of preparing the cast iron for the operations of the forge, by agitating it when in a molten state, is expressively designated by the term puddling. When the cast iron has lost in the puddling four out of five per cent. of carbon, it has been changed into steel. Steel is a carburet of iron, containing one pound of carbon to every ninety-nine pounds of iron. When the remaining one per cent. of carbon has |