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de land ob Beulah, where it always am light.
But, my brederen, all comparison be two dispas-
sionate, and an angel's words am too cold to de-
scribe de raptures ob salvation! It am unspeak-
able and full ob glory. De life ob innocence and
prayer; de sweet, child-like smile and de swim-
min' eye; de countenance so glorious in death,
dat but for decay, de body ob de gone home
saint might be kept as a breathin' statue of peace
and patience, smiling in victory ober all de sor-
rows ob life and de terrors ob death, are de nat-
ural language ob dis holy passion. O, Glory to
God! I feels it to-day like fire in my bones!
Like a chained eagle, my soul rises toward her
native heben, but she can only fly just so high.
But de fetters ob flesh shall fall off soon, and den
"I shall bathe my weary soul

In seas ob hebenly rest,.
And not a wabe of trouble roll
Across my peaceful breast. ""

FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER

the Meeting for Sufferings printed this testimony, it would use its discretion in omitting these portions. Many Friends thought, on the other hand, that a great part of the value of these testimonies would be lost, if there was any suppression of traits of character that must be regretted by others, especially when accompanied, as in this instance, by an acknowledgment of great willingness to take counsel of others, and that great profit is to be derived from a careful and impartial narrative of the lives of those whom we look up to as advanced and sincere Christians."

From the answers to the queries it would appear that the "distraints for ecclesiastical demands" amounted to £6,100, being a small diminution compared with last year. Upwards of one third of the whole amount was from the County of Essex. "Several Friends expressed their satisfaction at the very great decrease in the distraints for this impost having almost disapamount taken from Friends for church rates, the Friends addressed the meeting in valuable and peared in some parts of England." "Many highly interesting communications." Lucas felt it his duty to express his earnest conviction of the unsoundness of the spirit of innosug-vation now so much abroad in our Society, and that if we only went back to first principles, and depended on these alone, we should have no more of this desire for change."

PHILADELPHIA, SEVENTH MONTH 18, 1857.

We acknowledge the reception of a copy of the "British Friend," with a communication from our friend S. M. J., and notice his gestion to lay before our readers the proceedings of the late Yearly Meeting held in London. We have read the accounts published in the "British Friend," and also in the "London Friend," of what transpired in this meeting, and find a similarity in them, although the latter is

more concise than the former. Its deliberations were marked by a diversity of sentiment, equal we would suppose to anything we have ever known in our body. The practice of giving publicity to its proceedings in the pages of the periodicals accustomed to publishing them, was objected to. It was ultimately agreed to refer the subject to the Meeting for Sufferings, with liberty for that meeting to print such selections or extracts as it thought suitable for transmission to the subordinate meetings.

"Alfred

"Joseph Sturge said that he had felt the great necessity of carefulness on the part of those Friends who were in the possession of wealth, and urged the responsibility that devolves on such in the mode of using their property."

"Joseph Thorp was greatly encouraged in a belief that there is in the Society at the present time a more sound appreciation, especially among our younger members, of true Christian doctrine, In his own monthly meeting, consisting of nearly than at any time during the past hundred years. one thousand members, there was not now a single case of delinquency on the books. He thought the elder Friends present must have been struck with the greater gravity of deportment and interest in the business of the meeting displayed by the younger members than in years gone by; and he believed that in many of those whom one would not recognise, from their outward appearance, to belong to our Society, there was an earnest attachment to its religious principles."

Among the testimonies read was one on behalf of Martha Thornhill: "A long and very instructive document, it alluded to various snares into which the deceased had been led in her youth, especially an inordinate addiction to the reading. "A minute prepared by the Meeting for Sufof novels, to the neglect of her daily duties, and ferings, by direction of the last Yearly Meeting, also to an infirmity, after her acknowledgment advising young Friends against commencing as a minister, in occasionally exceeding her gift. life when they enter the married state, on a William Ball had not a clear judgment as to the scale of living and expenditure similar to that desirability of calling such prominent attention, of their parents, was submitted to the meeting." after the decease of a minister, to failings of this Not fully expressing the sense of the meeting it character, especially in so important a subject as was referred to a small committee-the revision the exercise of the ministry; and hoped that if, of it was approved at a future meeting. Another

minute of last Yearly Meeting, was read relative to the oversight of the younger members of the Society. Reports from nearly all the Quarterly Meetings were received expressive of some further steps since last year in holding meetings of a combined social and religious nature for the young people in large towns, appointing committees to visit them at their houses, and other similar means. The report from York Quarterly Meetings partook of the character of an essay on our distinguishing principles and peculiarities."

"A proposition was read from Gloucester and Wilts Quarterly Meeting, that the rules of the Society which preclude Monthly Meetings from passing first cousins in order to marriage should be removed, so as to allow of such marriages at our meetings." The subject was referred to next Yearly Meeting, after much discussion, in which there was an attempt to prove by the record of the Old Testament, that such connections were formed with divine sanction among the Israelites.

The subject from York Quarterly Meeting laid over from last year, was again referred "to the favorable consideration of the Yearly Meeting another year." The object of it being to obtain permission for the solemnization of marriages after the manner of Friends in meetings, in cases where only one of the parties is a member-as also in cases where neither of the contracting parties is in membership, provided such make profession with the Society, and on whom the being married is not to confer any rights of membership.

The subject of education claimed due attention-reports of several schools under the care of the Society were presented.

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On account of the manufacture, sale, and use of alcoholic liquors as beverages," much concern prevailed, but the meeting was not prepared to legislate upon the subject so far as to make the practice thereof a disownable offence. We should judge from what appears in the report, that English Friends are considerably behind their American brethren in this respect.

that the minute might be read in their Yearly Meeting."

Of the "Salutation to all who bear the name of Friends," our correspondent S. M. J. has taken particular notice.

"One or two individuals were afraid of its being supposed that London Yearly Meeting, by this procedure, would be supposed to be desirous of embracing in religious fellowship many who had gone great lengths in deism, even to the denying of the Lord who bought them." "Another Friend observed that he set a high value upon the production, as the testimony of such a body as the Yearly Meeting of London to the great Truths of the Gospel as professed by Friends; and for its affording a satisfactory test whereby all who bear the name of Friends could judge of their claim to that distinctive appellation." Another quoted the 2 Cor. 6: 14"Be ye not unequally yoked with unbelievers," &c. While some considering the varied and discordant character of those addressed were unwilling to style them "Dear Friends." "After all, we believe the prevailing sense of the meeting was in favor of the retention of the above epithet, but the meeting gave way to the two or three, considering the Salutation' itself bore throughout sufficient internal evidence of its breathing the spirit of love."

"Dr. Thomas, (of Baltimore, Md,) liked the document, and had no doubt it would be largely read by all to whom it was addressed, and spoke of the great attraction felt among many of those who had departed from us and their descendants, for this Yearly Meeting, referring especially to the eagerness with which they had attended meetings held by travelling ministering Friends from this country; a statement which was confirmed by Daniel Williams, (from Indiana.)" "James Clark expressed his conviction that many of those who had joined the seceding bodies in America, had done so rather from party reasons and other motives than an abandonmentof any of our great Christian principles." "Thomas Pumphrey thought the document should be sent to all without distinction, who bear or assume the name of Friends, and that we should not thereby become identified with any party."

It was stated that "the number of Friends at Pyrmont has become very small, while those in Norway are on the increase, and in a living, healthy" William Bennett thought it ought to be clearly condition. The number of meetings for worship now held by them was stated to be thirteen, and those attending them amount to between three and four hundred.

Other interesting information was given in relation to those professing with Friends on the Continent of Europe.

understood to whom it was addressed; and suggested that two or three able and impartial Friends should be appointed to convey it to those for whom it is intended, to convince them that it is issued in no sectarian spirit." With the omission of the words "dear friends," the address was signed by the clerk on behalf of the meeting.

"No epistle was issued to the Yearly Meeting of Philadelphia, but a minute had been prepared We know not how conciliatory the tone of this by the sub committee, expressive of continued Christian love and interest in Friends of that epistle may be, nor are we disposed to call in Yearly Meeting, and forwarded with the general question the sincere desire for the restoration of epistle and other documents, with the request love and harmony in those who prepared it; but

when we call to mind that the convulsions through which the Society in this country passed more

For Friends' Intelligencer.
THE WEATHER, &c.

In the review of the weather for last week,

This should have been for 1855, and not 1856,

than thirty years ago, were occasioned by the at-published in the last week's Intelligencer, it was tempt to engraft upon the simple stock of Qua-stated upon the authority of the record kept at kerism the mysterious doctrines of theology, and the Pennsylvania Hospital, that 7.95 inches of to insist upon their adoption as a test of church rain fell during the Sixth month of last year. fellowship, we are not sanguine as to the result. The charges then and since so industriously cireulated against the large body of Friends who at that eventful period resisted these encroachments, have never been officially contradicted, and if believed, must still constitute a ground of disunion in the minds of those who hold these doctrines to be of paramount importance to the fundamental principle of our profession.

The body of Friends with which we are connected, now constitute six Yearly Meetings on this continent, and we believe there is among them an increasing feeling of love and unity, and this will continue to increase so long as we maintain the fundamental principle of our profession, allowing each to follow the dictates of his own judgment on speculative points.

Our primitive Friends were gathered out of a variety of sects, and no doubt retained many of their educational views, yet uniting in the testimony, that "Christ had come to teach his people himself," they regarded all else as of minor import, knowing that obedience to this "anointing" constituted their salvation.

We are fully convinced that this doctrine is the same for which they suffered imprisonment and death, the same alluded to by the apostle when he declared, "By grace ye are saved, through faith, and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God;" and in conclusion we are reminded of the language of the blessed Jesus. "A tree shall be known by the fruits," and again, "By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one unto another."

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and the latter date should be substituted for
tion was furnished the writer correctly, and the
"last year" wherever it occurs. The informa-
blunder was his own exclusively.
Phila. 7th mo. 18, 1857.

For Friends' Intelligencer.
WILLIAM PENN.

J. M. E.

We are

"William Penn is best known to us, perhaps,
as the peaceful founder of Pennsylvania, who
had the enviable distinction of having treated
the Indians as they deserve to be treated, and
of affection and fidelity. We follow in imagina-
having received from them the liveliest proofs
tion the triumphant marches of Napoleon, and
are surprised at what he overcame.
dazzled by the splendor of his victories, and
But when we call to mind that he was actuated,
amazed at the strength of his indomitable will.
for the most part, by nothing higher than sways
the actions of ambitious school boys, our amaze-
ment is turned into shame, that man who is
placed at the head of creation on earth, and en-
nature, should be a slave to himself. It was
dowed with the higher prerogative of a moral
Penn's distinction, on the contrary, to obey his
moral nature, to give conscience her rightful
supremacy; to gain the greatest of all victories,
the victory over himself.

the enthusiasm of a chevalier, when excited by
It is comparatively easy to go forth with all
a glow of passion, or followed by the world's ap-
plause; but it is only one in a thousand who,
like him, has successfully battled with the temp-
the evidences of a true heroism.
tations which 'do so easily beset us.' Here are
which enabled him to do this was derived from
The power
his Christian faith.

The efficacy of prayer was to him from early youth a soul-sustaining reality. He felt assured that his spirit could be acted upon by the Infinite Spirit. He knew that man could receive divine assistance, and his whole life was a demonstration of the fact. He knew that Christian faith and Christian love would sustain him in every event of his life, however dark and unusual, as on the occasion of his memorable treaty with the Indians.

hand, sitting down with his followers in the "See him," says another, "with weaponless midst of savage nations, disarming them by his justice, and teaching them for the first time to view a stranger without distrust; see him, with his companions establishing his commonwealth

on the sole basis of religion, morality and universal love." While many have sacrificed their noblest energies to a mistaken theory of life, he has taught mankind by his precept and example that no part of nature should be despised or neglected.

He was as active in his benevolence, as he was silent in his meditations; and although he knew by experience, that "the life of God in the soul of man is as far above the life of the body as heaven is above the earth, it was his wisdom to know, too, that the path to heaven leads through this world; and he was accordingly as faithful in the manifold relations of daily life as in his private devotions.

He has taught us that a life of patient meditations is not incompatible with a life of unremitted exertion; and he especially calls upon those who think that business must come first and religion afterwards, to renounce their error and seek a closer communion with the unseen and eternal. A FRIEND.

Morgan Co., Ohio, 6th mo. 1857.

BUCKWHEAT.

of the Northern States, because we are convinced that the salvation of the country from a great commercial revulsion now wholly depends upon the crop of 1857. If the aggregate production is a full average one, we may look for another year of great prosperity before the comet finally upsets all our calculations. But if there should be such a failure of crops as to induce any considerable increase of price of food, we shall be almost sure to see such a stoppage of business by those who employ the great mass of laborers in cities, villages, manufactories, and public works, on account of the high price of provisions and labor, that a reaction will take place, and all kinds of farm produce will in the end be so reduced in value as to seriously affect the farmer's prosperi ty for many years. It is, therefore, doubly important that he should put forth his energies now to prevent such a calamity.

Not only is the grain of buckwheat valuable, but so is the straw; and, if well cured, it will be eaten greedily by horses, sheep and horned cat

tle.

The green stalks of Buckwheat, as analyzed by Crome, exhibit the following result:

Water
Starch
Woody fibre
Albumen

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Extractive matter and gum

Total

lbs.

32-5

4-7

10-0

0-2

2.6

100 lbs.

Now, this very day, the twenty-third day of June, or the very day, Messrs. Readers of the Tribune, that you read this article, provided. that day is before the 10th of July, in the latitude of New-York City, will be the day for you to sow buckwheat. It is a duty to yourselves and your country that we conjure you not to neglect. It is, in a favorable season, a very profitable crop. That this is and will be a favorable The grain is excellent food for man and all his season we have every reason to believe. First, domestic animals, and therefore we hope that the ground is saturated with the late copious man will seize upon the present moment to inrains, so that it is in admirable condition for seed- crease its production. It may be sown upon aling, and in all probability will be, from the heat most any kind of soil, but most profitably upon of July and August, in the very best possible land of moderate fertility, infested with weeds, condition for the growth of the plant and pro- which buckwheat more than any other crop helps duction of a more than average yield of grain. to eradicate. The best land for buckwheat is an We have never seen a more favorable season for old meadow or pasture sod, deeply plowed and a buckwheat crop; and that it is likely to be a thoroughly harrowed, which may be advantageousprofitable one this year is proved by the factly dressed with ashes or plaster. From half a that all coarse grain was exhausted last Spring during the terrible scarcity of food for cattle, and that such grain this Summer bears an unusually high price, and that the cold, wet Spring has prevented the sowing of the usual quantity of oats and barley, and the corn now growing is small in quantity and size, and the frequent rains have prevented its proper cultivation, so that a full corn crop is now by no means certain; and should it fail, it will make buckwheat still more necessary and more profitable, so that we feel impelled to advise every person who can possibly do it to "plant one acre more" of buckwheat, if he has failed to make that desirable addition to his crops in anything else.

We urge this last chance of increasing the production of grain this year upon all the farmers

bushel to one bushel of seed per acre is sown by different persons. The best crop we ever grew was from twelve quarts of seed per acre. There is no need, as some suppose, of thrashing buckwheat immediately. It may be stacked as well as any other grain, and it may and should always be thrashed by a machine. It should be harvested before the top branches are ripe, because it continues to bloom till stopped by frost, and when that occurs it should be cut at once by a cradle.

It is cured by raking the swaths into bunches about the size of bundles of oats, and squeezing the heads together with binding, and setting upon the butts till dry enough to thrash or stack. It is a good plan to harrow the ground as soon as the crop is off, by which most of the scattered

grain will be covered so as to vegetate, and be killed by frost, and then the succeeding Spring crop will not be injured. Indian corn should never be planted upon a buckwheat stubble. It is not injurious to other crops, and, when plowed in green, the buckwheat plant serves an excellent purpose as manure.

Farmers in conclusion, we conjure you to plant a large buckwheat crop for this year.

A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF A PORTION OF THE = INHABITANTS OF OUR GREAT CITIES.-Could they be persuaded, instead of thus congregating, to emigrate to the country, and engage in more healthful labor, they might not only enjoy the pure air, but by industry secure to themselves homes which would be greatly preferable to those

dens of wretchedness.-ED.

"RAG AND BONE-PICKERS' PARADISE." In the rear of Nos. 88 and 90 Sheriff street, in the Eleventh Ward, is located " Rag-pickers' Paradise." It is so named from the fact that hundreds of rag and bone-pickers reside, assort and sell their stock in trade at that point. Formerly this place, and numerous others in this ward, were greater nuisances than they are at the present time. Parties doing business at these places have, during the past year, been under the supervision of Health Warden Green. By dint of persevering daily efforts, he has partially succeeded in educating them in the matter of cleanliness. Much yet remains to be done. The entrance to "Rag-pickers' Paradise" is from Sheriff street, when you at once approach a block of dilapidated cottage buildings with narrow balconies, in which are hung large quantities of cast-off garments, rags, &c., in the process of drying.

This block is occupied by pickers both male and female. As you pass you are saluted at once on entering by a regiment of dogs, and you may regard yourself fortunate if you escape a bite. At least fifty or sixty dogs are kennelled within the yards and houses. Some of them have evidently in their day done service, harnessed to the rag carts in the transportation of the sickening nuisances in the shape of decayed vegetables, damaged meat, bones, bread, cheese and numerous other obnoxious sundries, which are scattered promiscuously in the yard, and emit a stench almost unendurable by mortal man, who has never educated his nasal organs to relish such vile stinks for the sake of hoarding up a few hundred dol

lars.

It is mid-day. You enter the rooms occupied by the pickers. Their rags and bones are mainly assorted there. In barrels, boxes, baskets and pans, on the table, under the table, in chairs, and every corner of the room, may be seen the most disgusting collection of matter gathered and

garnered, awaiting the arrival of wholesale merchants with their two-horse wagons, to whom they are about to sell the sickening trash. You hasten to the street. The wagons are in waiting. The accumulated nastiness is moving from the yards. Progress is being made in transferring barrels, boxes and tubs from the yard. Municipal corruption corrupted! Whew! what a smell! At least a dozen carts are being loaded in the street, and this, too, at the business hour of the day, 1 o'clock p. m. Well would it be if this was but once in a lifetime. It is a regular families reside and do business in that neighbordaily transaction, yet, strange to say, respectable hood and vicinity. These carts frequently remain in the streets for three or four hours, waiting for their daily customers who may have strolled too far away from Paradise with their heavy burdens to return in due time.

Our reporter, with Health-Warden Green, visited several other kindred places in the Ward, and came to the conclusion that, notwithstanding the Warden had made a great improvement in the sanitary condition of the pickers, they are still a nuisance, detrimental to the health of the Ward and City; and the business should at once be discontinued and transplanted beyond the city limits. If that cannot be done, certainly the carts should be placed under the superintendence of the City Inspector's Department, and the day-scavengers compelled to submit to all the rules and regulations which govern night-scavengers.—Exchange paper.

PALM OIL.

The oil palm of Western Africa, besides contributing largely to the domestic wants of the natives, supplies, in the oil which is extracted from its nuts, an article of commerce most important in the European and American markets. of the present day. The value of palm oil annually imported into England from West Africa alone, at the present time, is very little short of a million sterling. The nuts, which are commonly shaped like, though something smaller than, a pullet's egg, grow in large clusters of five or six hundred and upwards. They are externally smooth, of a rich yellow and red color, and contain a thick oily fungous flesh, with a small stone in the centre. After exposure for some days in the sun, they are bruised, and the crushed paste is placed in boiling water, and afterwards passed through cloth, when a large quantity of a limpid orange-yellow oil separates, which has scarcely any taste, but exhales a powerful odor that has been compared to violets. This hardens when cool to the consistence of butter, and is used as such, as well as for other purposes, by the natives, and especially as an ingredient for a sort of gallymaufry, which bears the name of "palaver sauce." They also eat

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