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DARE AND DO.

Dare to think, though bigots frown; Dare in words your thoughts express; Dare to rise, though oft cast down;

Dare the wronged and scorned to bless.

Dare from custom to depart;

Dare the priceless pearl possess ;
Dare to wear it next your heart;

Dare, when sinners curse, to bless.
Dare forsake what you deem wrong;
Dare to walk in wisdom's way;
Dare to give where gifts belong;
Dare God's precepts to obey.

Do what conscience says is right;
Do what reason says is best,
Do with willing mind and heart;
Do your duty and be blest.

WONDERS AND MURMURS.

BY S. C. HALL.

Strange, that the wind should be left so free,
To play with a flower or tear a tree ;
To range or to ramble where'er it will,
And as it lists, to be fierce or still;
Above and around, to breathe of life,
Or to mingle the earth and sky in strife;
Gently to whisper with morning light,
Yet to growl like a fettered fiend ere night?
Or to love, and cherish, and bless, to-day!
What to-morrow it ruthlessly rends away!
Strange, that the sun should call into birth
All the fairest flowers and fruits of earth,
Then bid them perish, and see them die,
While they cheer the soul and gladden the eye;
At morn its child is the pride of spring-
At night a shrivelled and loathsome thing!
To-day there is hope and life in its breath-
To-morrow it shrinks to a useless death.
Strange doth it seem that the sun should joy
To give life, alone that it might destroy?
Strange, that the ocean should come and go,
With its daily and nightly ebb and flow-
To bear on its placid breast at morn,
The bark that ere night will be tempest torn ;
Or cherish it all the way it must roam,
To leave it a wreck, within sight of home;
To smile as the mariner's toils are o'er,
Then wash the dead to his cottage door;
And gently ripple along the strand,
To watch the widow behind him land!

But stranger than all, that man should die,
When his plans are formed and his hopes are high;
He walks forth a lord of the earth to-day,
And the morrow beholds him a part of its clay;
He is born in sorrow and cradled in pain,
Aad from youth to age-it is labor in vain ;
And all that seventy years can show,
ls, that wealth is trouble, and wisdom woe;
That he travels a path of care and strife,
Who drinks of the poisoned cup of life.
Alas! if we murmur at things like these,
That reflection tells us are wise degrees,
That the wind is not ever a gentle breath-
That the sun is often the bearer of death-
That the ocean wave is not always still,--
And life is chequered with good and ill;
If we know 'tis well such change should be,
What do we learn from the things we see?
That an erring and sinning child of dust

Should not wonder nor murmur.-but hope and trust.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHEAPNESS.

THE LUCIFER MATCH.

Some twenty years ago the process of obtaining fire, in every house in England, with few exceptions, was as rude, as laborious, and as uncertain, as the effort of the Indian to produce a flame by the friction of two dry sticks.

The nightlamp and the rushlight were for the comparatively luxurious. In the bed-rooms of the cottager, the artisan, and the small tradesman, the infant at its mother's side too often awoke, like Milton's nightingale, 'darkling,'but that'nocturnal note' was something different from harmonious numbers.' The mother was soon on her feet; the friendly tinder-box was duly sought. Click, click, click; not a spark tells upon the sullen blackness. More rapidly does the flint ply the sympathetic steel. The room is bright with the radiant shower. But the child, familiar enough with the operation, is impatient at its tediousness, and shouts till the mother is frantic. At length one lucky spark does its office the tinder is alight. Now for the match. It will not burn. A gentle breath

is wafted into the murky box; the face that leans over the tinder is in a glow. Another match, and another, and another. They are all damp. The baby is inexorable; and the misery is only ended when the goodman has gone to the street door, and after long shivering has obtained a light from the watchman.

In this, the beginning of our series of Illustrations of Cheapness, let us trace this antique machinery through the various stages of its production.

The tinder box and the steel had nothing peculiar. The tinman made the one as he made the saucepan, with hammer and shears; the other was forged at the great metal factories of Sheffield and Birmingham; and happy was it for the purchaser if it were something better than a rude piece of iron, very uncomfortable to grasp. The nearest chalk quarry supplied the flint. The domestic manufacture of the tinder was a serious affair. At due seasons, and very often if the premises were damp, a stifling smell rose from the kitchen, which, to those who were not intimate with the process, suggested doubts whether the house were not on fire. The best linen rag was periodically burnt, and its ashes deposited in the tinman's box, pressed down with a close fitting lid upon which the flint and steel reposed. The match was chiefly an article of itinerant traffic. The chandler's shop was almost ashamed of it. The mendicant was the universal matchseller. The girl who led the blind beggar had invariably a basket of matches. In the day they were vendors of matches-in the evening manufacturers. On the floor of the hovel sit two or three squalid children, splitting deal with a common knife. The matron is watching a pipkin upon a slow fire. The fumes which it gives forth

are blinding as the brimstone is liquifying. Little bundles of split deal are ready to be dipped, three or four at a time. When the pennyworth of brimstone is used up, when the capital is exhausted, the night's labor is over. In the summer, the manufacture is suspended, or conducted upon fraudulent principles. Fire is then needless; so delusive matches must be produced-wet splints dipped in powdered sulphur. They will never burn, but they will do to sell to the unwary maid-of-all-work.

London to find such a trade. In the neighborhood of Bethnal Green there is a large open space called Wisker's Gardens. This is not a place of courts and alleys, but a considerable area, literally divided into small gardens, where just now the crocus and the snowdrop are telling hopefully of the spring-time. Each garden has the smallest of cottages-for the most part wooden-which have been converted from summer-houses into dwellings. The whole place reminds one of numberless passages in the old dramatists, in which the citizens' wives are described in their garden-houses of Finsbury, or Hogsden, sipping syllabub and talking fine on summer holidays. In one of these garden-houses, not far from the public road, is the little factory of Henry Lester, Patentee of the Domestic Safety Match-box,' as his label proclaims. He is very ready to show his processes, which in many respects are curious and interesting.

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About twenty years ago Chemistry discovered that the tinder-box might be abolished. But Chemistry set about its function with especial reference to the wants and the means of the rich few. In the same way the first printed books were designed to have a great resemblance to manuscripts, and those of the wealthy class were alone looked to as the purchasers of the skilful imitations. The first chemical light-producer was a complex and ornamental casket, sold at a Adam Smith has instructed us that the busiguinea. In a year or so, there were pretty port-ness of making a pin is divided into about eightable cases of a phial and matches, which enthu- een distinct operations; and further, that ten siastic young housekeepers regarded as the cheap- persons could make upwards of forty-eight thousest of all treasures at five shillings. By and bye and pins a day with the division of labor; while the light-box was sold as low as a shilling. The if they had all wrought independently and sepfire revolution was slowly approaching. The old arately, and without any of them having been dynasty of the tinder-box maintained its predom- educated to this peculiar business, they certainly inance for a short while in kitchen and garret, could not each of them have made twenty. The in farmhouse and cottage. At length some bold Lucifer Match is a similar example of division of adventurer saw that the new chemical discovery labor, and the skill of long practice. At a sepmight be employed for the production of a large erate factory, where there is a steam-engine, not article of trade-that matches, in themselves the the refuse of the carpenter's shop, but the best vehicles of fire without aid of spark and tinder, Norway deals are cut into splints by machinery, might be manufactured upon the factory system and are supplied to the match-maker. These -that the humblest in the land might have a little pieces, beautifully accurate in their minute new and indispensable comfort at the very low-squareness, and in their precise length of five est rate of cheapness. When Chemistry saw that phosphorus, having an affinity for oxygen at the lowest temperature, would ignite upon slight friction, and so ignited would ignite sulphur, which required a much higher temperature to become inflammable, thus making the phosphorus do the work of the old tinder with far greater certainty; or when Chemistry found that chlorate of potash by slight friction might be exploded so as to produce combustion, and might be safely used in the same combination-a blessing was bestowed upon society that can scarcely be measured by those who have had no former knowledge of the miseries and privations of the tinder-box. The Penny Box of Lucifers, or Congreves, or by whatever name called, is a real triumph of Science, and an ad-ends till they become thoroughly loosened. In vance in Civilization.

Let us now look somewhat closely and practically into the manufacture of a Lucifer-match.

The combustible materials used in the manufacture render the process an unsafe one. It cannot be carried on in the heart of towns without being regarded as a common nuisance. We must therefore go somewhere in the suburbs of

inches, are made up into bundles, each of which contains eighteen hundred. They are daily brought on a truck to the dipping-house, as it is called-the average number of matches finished off daily requiring two hundred of these bundles. Up to this point we have had several hands employed in the preparation of the match, in connection with the machinery that cuts the wood. Let us follow one of these bundles through the subsequent processes. Without being separated, each end of the bundle is first dipped into the sulphur. When dry, the splints, adhering to each other by means of the sulphur, must be parted by what is called dusting. A boy sitting on the floor, with a bundle before him, strikes the matches with a sort of a mallet on the dipped

the best matches the process of sulphur-dipping and dusting is repeated. They have now to be plunged into a preparation of phosphorus or chlorate of potash, according to the quality of the match. The phosphorus produces the pale, noiseless fire; the chlorate of potash the sharp cracking illumination. After this application of the more inflammable substance, the matches

pence, averaging those boxes sold at a halfpenny, and those at a penny. The manufacturer sells this article, produced with such care as we have described, at one farthing and a fraction per box. And thus, for the retail expenditure of three farthings per month, every house in London, from the highest to the lowest, may secure the inestimable blessing of constant fire at all seasons, and at all hours. London buys this for ten thousand pounds annually.

are separated, and dried in racks. Thoroughly dred working days in the year, this will give for dried, they are gathered up again into bundles one factory, two hundred and sixteen millions of of the same quantity; and are taken to the boys matches annually, or two millions one hundred who cut them; for the reader will have observed and sixty thousand boxes, being a box of one that the bundles have been dipped at each end. hundred matches for every individual of the There are few things more remarkable in manu- London population. But there are ten other factures than the extraordinary rapidity of this Lucifer manufactories, which are estimated to cutting process, and that which is connected with produce about four or five times as many more. it. The boy stands before a bench, the bundle London certainly cannot absorb ten millions of on his right hand, a pile of half opened empty Lucifer boxes annually, which would be at the boxes on his 1 ft, which have been manufactured rate of thirty three boxes to each inhabited at another division of this establishment. These house. London, perhaps, demands a third of the boxes are formed of scale-board, that is, thin supply for its own consumption; and at this rate slices of wood, planed or scaled off a plank. The the annual retail cost for each house is eightbox itself is a marvel of peatness and cheapness. It consists of an inner box, without a top, in which the matches are placed, and of an outer ease, open at each end, into which the first box slides. The matches, then, are to be cut, and the empty boxes filled, by one boy. A bundle is opened; he seizes a portion, knowing by long habit the required number with sufficient exactness; puts them rapidly into a sort of frame, knocks the ends evenly together, confines them with a strap which he tightens with his foot, and cuts them in two parts with a knife on a hinge, which he brings down with a strong leverage: the halves lie projecting over each end of the frame; he grasps the left portion and thrusts it into a half open box, which he instantly closes, and repeats the process with the matches on his right hand. This series of movements is performed with a rapidity almost unexampled; for in this way, two hundred thousand matches are cut, and two thousand boxes filled in a day, by one boy, at the wages of three halfpence per gross of boxes. Each dozen boxes is then papered up, and they are ready for the retailer. The number of boxes daily filled at this factory is from fifty to sixty gross.

The wholesale price per dozen boxes of the best matches, is fourpence; of the second quality, threepence.

The excessive cheapness is produced by the extension of the demand, enforcing the factory division of labor, and the most exact saving of material. The scientific discovery was the foundation of the cheapness. But connected with this general principle of cheapness, there are one or two remarkable points, which deserve attention.

It is a law of this manufacture that the demand is greater in the summer than in the winter. The old match maker, as we have mentioned, was idle in the summer-without fire for heating the brimstone-or engaged in more profitable field-work. A worthy woman who once kept a chandler's shop in a village, informs us, that in summer she could buy no matches for retail, but was obliged to make them for her customers. The increased summer demand for the Lucifer Matches shows that the great conThere are about ten Lucifer Match manufac- sumption is amongst the masses-the laboring torles in London. There are others in large pro- population-those who make up the vast majorvincial towns. The wholesale business is chiefly ity of the contributors to duties of customs and confined to the supply of the metropolis and im- excise. In the houses of the wealthy there is mediat: neighborhood by the London makers; always fire; in the houses of the poor, fire in for the railroad carriers refuse to receive the ar- summer is a needless hourly expense. Then ticle, which is considered dangerous in transit. comes the Lucifer Match to supply the want; to Bat we must not therefore assume that the met- light the candle to look in the dark cupboardropolitan population consume the metropolitan to light the afternoon fire to boil the kettle. It matches. Taking the population at upwards of is now unnecessary to run to the neighbor for a two millions, and the inhabited houses at about light, or, as a desperate resource, to work at the three hundred thousand, let us endeavor to esti- tinder-box. The Lucifer Matches sometimes mate the distribution of these little articles of fail, but they cost little, and so they are freely domestic comfort. used, even by the poorest.

At the manufactory at Wisker's Gardens there And this involves another great principle. The are fifty gross, or seven thousand two hundred demand for the Lucifer Match is always continboxes, turned out daily, made from two hundred uous, for it is a perishable article. The demand bundles, which will produce seven hundred and never ceases. Every match burnt demands a twenty thousand matches. Taking three hun-new match to supply its place. This continuity

of demand renders the supply always equal to the demand. The peculiar nature of the commodity prevents any accumulation of stock; its combustible character-requiring the simple agency of friction to ignite it, renders it dangerous for large quantities of the article to be kept in one place. Therefore no one makes for store, but all for immediate sale. The average price, therefore, must always yield a profit, or the production would altogether cease. But these essential qualities limit the profit. The manufacturers cannot be rich without secret processes or monopoly. The contest is to obtain the largest profit by economical management. The amount of skill required in the laborers, and the facility of habit, which makes fingers act with the precision of machines, limit the number of laborers, and prevent their impoverishment. Every condition of this cheapness is a natural and beneficial result of the laws that govern production.-Household Words.

THE MAHOGANY TRADE.

UMMER RETREAT AT HIGH LAND DALE. IST The season of the year is at hand, when many citizens leave their homes for the benefit of pure air; the attention of the readers of the Intelligencer is called to the pleasant Retreat of CHARLES and CATHARINE P. FOULKE, who have again enlarged their premises, and are prepared as heretofore to receive summer boarders.

Their farm and residence is near the crown of one of the mountain ridges in Monroe County, Pennsylvania, about two miles from Stroudsburg, the county town, and three miles from the Delaware Water Gap, in one

of the healthiest situations to be found in Pennsylvania. large spring of excellent water, which supplies a Bath On this high elevation and near the domicile is a House attached to the premises,-while within doors there is much to give comfort and create a home feeling, and make this a very desirable mountain Retreat.

The cars leave Camden in the morning and arrive at the Stroudsburg station within two and a half miles of High Land Dale, early in the afternoon.

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OLDRIDGE'S HILL BOARDING SCHOOL.--The

ELDRIDGE'S HILL BOotution will commence of

the 18th of 5th month next and continue 20 weeks. Scholars of both sexes will be received during the coming Term.

All the branches of a liberal English education are thoroughly taught in this institution; also the elements of the Latin and French languages.

Terms $70 per session. To those studying Latin or French an additional charge will be made of $3 for each language.

No other extra charges except for the use of Clas-
sical and Mathematical Books and Instruments.
A daily Stage passes the door to and from Philadel-
For further particulars address the Principal for a
Circular.

The extent of the mahogany trade is not generally appreciated. The exports form the port of Coatzacoalcos, in Mexico, had in the last year increased to 6,804 tons, and thirty-two vessels were employed. In 1850 only one vessel was employed, and only 230 tons exported. At the average price of $12 per ton, the value of the exports from that single port, which are esti-phia. mated at 15,000 tons for the present year, will amount to $180,000. Three-fourths of the wood exported is consumed in the United States, and Americans almost monopolize the business. The Mexican Government receives one dollar for every ton exported, and the same for every tree filled. The duty on mahogany, rose, satin and cedar woods, under the old Tariff, was 20 per cent. By the new Tariff bill they are placed

on the free list.

PHILADELPHIA MARKETS.

FLOUR AND MEAL.-Flour is still on the rise. Sales of good brands at $7 37 per bbl., and of better brands for home consumption at $7 37 a 7 50, and extra and fancy brands at $7 50 a 8 50. There is very little demand for export, and little stock to operate in. Sales of Rye Flour at $4 75 barrel Corn Meal at $3 56.

GRAIN. Wheat is in demand, and prices firm. Sales of prime Pennsylvania red are making at $1 78 a 1 80, and $1 88 a 1 90 for good white. Rye is firm; sales of Penna. at 95c. Corn is in demaud at 82 a 83c for new yellow, afloat. Oats are dull; sales of Penna. and Delaware at 58c per bushel.

HESTERFIELD BOARDING SCHOOL FOR
YOUNG MEN AND BOYS.-The Summer Ses-

C
sion of this Institution will commence the 18th of 5th

mo. 1857, and continue twenty weeks.

TERMS.-$70 per session, one half payable in
advance, the other in the middle of the term.
No extra charges. For further particulars address,
HENRY W. RIDGWAY,
Crosswicks P. O., Burlington Co., N. J.

ALLEN FLITCRAFT,

Eldridge's Hill, Salem County, N. J.

ONDON GROVE BOARDING SCHOOL FOR YOUNG MEN AND BOYS. "It is intended to commence the Summer session of this Institution on the 1st 2d day in the 5th mo. next. Lectures will be delivered on various subjects, by the teacher. Also, on Anatomy and Physiology, by a medical practition er; the former illustrated by appropriate apparatus ; the latter by plates adapted to the purpose.

TERMS; 65 dollars for 20 weeks. No extra charge except for the Latin language, which will be 5 dollars. For Circulars, including references, and further 'particulars, address

BENJAMIN SWAYNE, Principal,
London Grove P. O., Chester co., Pa.

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But I visited most c le meetings over again,
and so I returned into Huntingtonshire, North-
hamptonshire, and so towards Dorsetshire, and
Somersetshire, visiting meetings as I went
through part of Oxfordshire.
I had many

Every Seventh day at Two Dollars per annum, pay-meetings, sometimes fourteen in a week, and
Hle in advance. Three copies sent to one address for
Five Dollars.

Communications must be addressed to the Publisher, free of expense, to whom all payments are to be made.

An account of the life, travels, and Christian experiences in the work of the ministry of Samuel

Bownas.

(Continued from page 131.)

I was now in a strait, what course to take to get a little money, my linen and woolen both wanting to be repaired. I met with a young man newly set up in his trade, with whom I proposed to work, and he was ready to comply with my offer, supposing it would be a means to improve him: so we agreed, and I began with him, and found it answered much better than harvest-work, so that I stored myself with a little cash soon, and worked hard all that summer, and in the fall of the year prepared myself for a journey with my good old friend Joseph Baines.

generally to satisfaction. In almost every parish where a Friend lived, we had a meeting, besides which sundry offered their houses, who were not Friends, which we embraced. I came through part of Hampshire and Warwickshire, and so back again to Hampshire, visiting Friends, and had many meetings in places where none had been, and the people were much inclined, who were not Friends, to have meetings at their houses in many places, and would desire Friends to conduct me to their houses: so that although I was entirely unknown to most, yet there was very great willingness to receive the doctrine of Christ; and sundry, I found afterwards, were convinced, by accounts I received from Friends. The teachers of the national way, and Dissenters also, were much disturbed, and threatened what they would do, and that they would come and dispute; and some of them came several times, and got out of sight, where they could We set out the latter end of the Sixth Month, hear and not be seen; but never any gave me and visited some parts of Yorkshire, and so into the least disturbance all that journey; but some Lincolnshire, Suffolk and Norfolk, and we did would say I was a cheat (viz.) a Jesuit in very well together: only I was afraid that disguise; others, that I was brought up for the Friends took so much notice of me, he would be pulpit, and for some misdemeanor suspended; uneasy; but he was so entirely innocent, and and so they varied, according to their imagina had so much of the lamb in him, that he never tions: but I was very easy in my service, and did, that I could find, shew any uneasiness, more found my heart very much enlarged; some of than to give me a caution with a smile; "Sammy, the people took me to have a good share of said he, (for I was mostly called so) thou hadst learning, which, although it was false, served need take care, Friends admire thee so much, for a defence against some busy fellows, who thou dost not grow proud;" and indeed the thought they could dispute about religion and caution was very seasonable, as well as service- doctrine, which I always endeavored to avoid as able to me; which I saw and did acknowledge. much as possible, seldom finding any advantage This Joseph was (it might be said) an Israelite by such work, but that it mostly ended in cavilindeed, as meek as a lamb, not great in the min-ing, and a strife of words. istry, but very acceptable, especially amongst I went through part of Dorsetshire, and at other people, having a meek, quiet, easy delivery, mostly in scripture phrases, with which he was well furnished, repeating them with very little or no comment upon them, which some admired very much; and he had great service at funerals, being in a peculiar manner qualified for such services. But he receiving an account of some troubles in his family, it brought a very great uneasiness upon him, and he returned home.

Sherborne an old Friend was sick, and not ex-
pected to get over that illness, and it came into
my mind he would die of that sickness, and that
I must be at his funeral, and preach with my
Bible in my hand. This made me shrink, as
fearing it was the fruit of imagination, but I
kept it to myself, and had many meetings about
those parts, as at Yeoville, Puddimore, Masson,
Weston, &c. Besides this, a young woman,

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