monks, iii. 473. A valuable cargo of, imported from Constantinople by Lou- is IX. of France, vii. 373. Remigius, bishop of Rheims, converts Clovis king of the Franks, iv. 426. Repentance, its high esteem, and exten- sive operation, among the primitive Christians, ii. 92.
Resurrection, general, the Mahometan doctrine of, vi. 259.
Retiarius, the mode of his combat with the secutor, in the Roman amphithea- tre, i. 107.
Revenues of the primitive church, how distributed, ii. 113. 426. Of the Ro- man empire, when removed to Con- stantinople, a review of, 275. Rhateum, city of, its situation, ii. 225. Rhatia described, i. 25.
Rhazates, the Persian general, defeated and killed by the emperor Heraclius, v. 474.
Rhetoric, the study of, congenial to a po- pular state, v. 104.
Rhine, the banks of, fortified by the em peror Valentinian, iii. 273. Rhodes, account of the colossus of, vi. 357. The knights of, vii. 474. Richard 1. of England engages in the third crusade, vii. 284. Bestows the island of Cyprus on the house of Lu- signan, 310. His reply to the exhor- tations of Fulk of Neuilly, 313. Richard, monk of Cirencester, his literary character, iv. 161. note.
Ricimer, count, his history, iv. 320. Per- mits Majorian to assume the Imperial dignity in the Western empire, 323. Enjoys supreme power under cover of the name of the emperor Libius Seve- rus, 333. Marries the daughter of the emperor Anthemius, 340. Sacks Rome, and kills Anthemius, 356. His death, 357.
Rienzi, Nicholas di, his birth, character, and history, viii. 216.
Roads, Roman, the construction and great extent of, i. 57.
Robert of Courtenay, emperor of Con- stantinople, vii. 366.
Robert, count of Flanders, his character and engagement in the first crusade, vii. 212.
Robert, duke of Normandy, his character and engagement in the first crusade, vii. 212. Recalled by the censures of
the church, 237. Roderic, the Gothic king of Spain, his
Romanus III. Argyrus, emperor of Con- stantinople, vi. 122.
Romanus IV. Diogenes, emperor of Con- stantinople, vi. 128. Is defeated and taken prisoner by the Turkish sultan Alp Arslan, vii. 172. His treatment, deliverance, and death, 174. Romanus, count, governor of Africa, his corrupt administration, iii. 286. Romanus, governor of Bosra, betrays it to the Saracens, vi. 330. Rome, the three periods of its decline pointed out, i. Preface. Its prosperous circumstances in the second century, 1. The principal conquests of, atchiev- ed under the republic, 2. Conquests under the emperors, 3. Military es tablishment of the emperors, 10. Na- val force of the empire, 20. View of the provinces of the empire, 22. Its general extent, 31. The union and in- ternal prosperity of the empire, in the age of the Antonines, accounted for, 32. Treatment of the provinces, 40. Benefits included in the freedom of the city, 41. Distinction between the Latin and Greek provinces, 42. Pre- valence of the Greek, as a scientific language, 45. Numbers and condition of the Roman siaves, ibid. Populous- ness of the empire, 48. Unity and power of the government, ib. Monu- inents of Roman architecture, 49. The Roman magnificence chiefly displayed in public buildings, 53. Principal cities in the empire, 54. Public roads, 57. Great improvements of agriculture in the western countries of the empire, 59. Arts of luxury, 61. Commerce
with the East, 62. Contemporary re- presentation of the prosperity of the empire, 64. Decline of courage and genius, 65. Review of public affairs after the battle of Actium, 67. The Imperial power and dignity confirmed to Augustus by the senate, 69. The various characters and powers vested in the emperor, 73. General idea of the Imperial system, 77. Abortive at- tempt of the senate to resume its rights after the murder of Caligula, 81. The emperors associate their intended suc- cessors to power, 83. The most hap- py period in the Roman history point- ed out, 89. Their peculiar misery under their tyrants, 99. The empire publicly sold by auction by the prætorian guards, 119. Civil wars of the Romans, how generally decided, 133. When the army first received regular pay, 177. How the citizens were relieved from taxation, 178. General estimate of the Roman revenue from the provinces, 180. Miseries flowing from the suc- cession to the empire being elective, 188. A summary review of the Ro- man history, 217. Recapitulation of the war with Parthia, 230. Invasion of the provinces by the Goths, 276. The office of censor revived by the emperor Decius, 278. Peace purchased of the Goths, 282. The emperor Va- lerian taken prisoner by Sapor king of Persia, 303. The popular conceit of the thirty tyrants of Rome investi- gated, 309. Famine and pestilence throughout the empire, 316. The city fortified against the inroads of the Alemanni, 336. Remarks on the al- leged sedition of the officers of the mint under Aurelian, 352. Observa- tions on the peaceful interregnum after the death of Aurelian, 357. Colonies of Barbarians introduced into the pro- vinces by Probus, 374. Exhibition of the public games by Carinus, 386. Treaty of peace between the Persians and the Romans, 422. The last tri- umph celebrated at Rome, 424. How the Imperial courts came to be trans- ferred to Milan and Nicomedia, 426. The prætorian bands superseded by the Jovian and Herculean guards, 428. The power of the senate annihilated, 429. Four divisions of the empire under four conjunct princes, 432. Their expensive establishments call for more burdensome taxes, 433.
Dioclesian and Maximian abdicate the empire, 435. Six emperors existing at one time, ii. 17. The senate and peo- ple apply to Constantine to deliver them from the tyranny of Maxentius, 25. Constantine enters the city victo- rious, 34. Laws of Constantine, 46. Constantine remains sole emperor, 56. History of the progress and establish- ment of Christianity, 57. Pretensions of the bishop of Rome, whence de- duced, 108. State of the church at Rome at the time of the persecution by Nero, 126. Narrative of the fire of Rome, in the reign of Nero, 153 The Christians persecuted as the incendia- ries, 154. The memorable edicts of Diocletian and his associates against the Christians, 198.
Rome, account of the building and es-
tablishment of the rival city of Con- stantinople, ii. 221. New forms of ad- ministration established there, 239. Division of the empire among the sons of Constantine, 312. Establishment of Christianity as the national religion, 417. Tumults excited by the rival bi- shops, Liberius and Fælix, iii. 61. Pa- ganism restored by Julian, 135. And Christianity by Jovian, 234. The em- pire divided into the East and West, by the emperor Valentinian, 244. Civil institutions of Valentinian, 256. The crafty avarice of the clergy re- strained by Valentinian, 265. Bloody contest of Damasus and Ursinus for the bishopric of Rome, 267. Great earthquake, 312.
Rome, the emperor Theodosius visits the city, iii. 424. Inquiry into the cause of the corruption of morals in his reign, 447. Review of the Pagan establish- ment, 450. The Pagan religion re- nounced by the senate, 455. Sacrifi- ces prohibited, 457. The Pagan reli- gion prohibited, 466. Triumph of Honorius and Stilicho, over Alaric the Goth, iv. 48. Alaric encamps under the walls of the city, 83. Retrospect of the state of the city when besieged by Hannibal, 84. Wealth of the nobles, and magnificence of the city, 89. Cha- racter of the nobles of, by Ammianus Marcellinus, 92. State and character of the common people, 100. Public distributions of bread, &c. 102. Public baths, 103. Games and spectacles, 104. Attempts to ascertain the popu- lation of the city, 105. The citizens
suffer by famine, 109. Plague, 110. The retreat of Alaric purchased by a ransom, 111. Is again besieged by Alaric, 117. The senate unites with him in electing Attalus emperor, 119. The city seized by Alaric, and plun- dered, 122. Comparison between this event, and the sack of Rome by the emperor Charles V. 131. Alaric
quits Rome, and ravages Italy, 133. Laws passed for the relief of Rome, and Italy, 141. Triumph of Honorius for the reduction of Spain by Wallia, 155. Is preserved from the hands of Attila by a ransom, 296. Indications of the ruin of the empire, at the death of Valentinian III. 304. Sack of the city by Genseric king of the Vandals, 310. The public buildings of, protect- ed from depredation by the laws of Majorian, 326. Is sacked again by the patrician Ricimer, 356. Augustulus, the last emperor of the West, 360. The decay of the Roman spirit re- marked, 366. History of monastic in- stitutions in, 374. General observations on the history of the Roman em- pire, 485. Rome....Italy conquered by Theodoric the Ostrogoth, v. 9. Prosperity of the city under his government, 21. Ac- count of the four factions in the circus, 54. First introduction of silk among the Romans, 65. The office of consul suppressed by Justinian, 109. The city receives Belisarius, 161. Siege of, by the Goths, ibid. Distressful siege of, by Totila the Goth, 259. Is taken, 261. Is recovered by Belisarius, 264. Is again taken by Totila, 268. Is taken by the eunuch Narses, 276. Extinc- tinction of the senate, 278. The city degraded to the second rank under the exarchs of Ravenna, 285. A re- view of the Roman laws, 302. Extent of the duchy of, under the exarchs of Ravenna, 403. Miserable state of the city, 411. Pontificate of Gregory the Great, 416.
Rome, the government of the city new modelled under the popes, after their revolt from the Greek emperors, vi. 170. Is attacked by the Lombards, and delivered by king Pepin, 174. The office and rank of exarchs and patri- cians explained, 178. Reception of Charlemagne by pope Adrian I. 179. Origin of the temporal power of the popes, 180. Mode of electing a pope,
205. Is menaced by the Saracens, 447. Prosperous pontificate of Leo IV.449. Is besieged and taken by the emperor Henry III. vii. 137. Great part of the city burnt by Robert Guiscard, in the cause of pope Gregory VII. 139. -, The history of, resumed, after the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, viii. 168. French and German empe- rors of, 169. Authority of the popes, 170. Restoration of the republican form of government, 182. Office of senator, 187. Wars against the neighbouring cities, 194. Institution of the Jubilee, 203. Revolution in the city, by the tri- bune Rienzi, 217. Calamities flowing from the schism of the papacy, 242. Statutes and government of the city, 249. Porcaro's conspiracy, 251. The ecclesiastical government of, 256. Re- flections of Poggius on the ruin of the city, 259. Four principal causes of its ruin specified, 262. The Coliseum of Titus, 274. Restoration and ornaments of the city, 281. Romilda, the betrayer of Friuli to the Avars, her cruel treatment by them, v. 459.
Rosamoud, daughter of Cunimund king of the Gepida, her marriage with Al- boin king of the Lombards, v. 384. Conspires his murder, 391. Her flight and death, 392.
Roum, the Seljukian kingdom of, form- ed, vii. 183. Rudbeck, Olaus, summary abridgment of the argument in his Atlantica, i. 244.
Rufinus, the confidential minister of the emperor Theodosius the Great, stimu- lates his cruelty against Thessalonica, iii. 432. His character and administra- tion, iv. 2. His death. 16.
Rugilas, the Hun, his settlement in Hou- gary, iv. 232.
Runic characters, the antiquity of, traced, i. 245. note.
Russia, origin of the monarchy of, vii. 84. Geography and trade of, 86. Na- val expeditions of the Russians against Constantinople, 89. Reign of the czar Swatoslaus, 93. The Russians con- verted to Christianity, 96. Isconquer- ed by the Moguls, 462. Rustan, a Persian nobleman, a saying of his expressive of the danger of living under despots, i. 90.
Rutilius, his character of the monks of Capraria, iv. 23.
Sabellius the heresiarch, his opinions af- terward adopted by his antagonists, iii. 16. His doctrine of the Trinity, 19. The Sabellians unite with the Tritheists at the council of Nice to overpower the Arians, 21.
Sabians, their astronomical mythology, vi. 241.
Sabinian obtains the command of the
Eastern provinces from Constantius, ii. 367.
Sabinian, general of the East, is defeated by Theodoric the Ostrogoth king of Italy v. 18.
Sabinians, origin of the sect of, in the Roman civil law, v. 322. Sadducees, account of that sect among the Jews, ii. 80.
Saladin, his birth, promotion and charac- ter, vii. 274. Conquers the kingdom of Jerusalem, 278. His ineffectual siege of Tyre, 281. Siege of Acre, 283. His negotiations with Richard I. of England, 287. His death, 288. Salerno, account of the medical school of, vii. 122.
Salic laws, history of, iv. 443. Sallust, the præfect and friend of the em. peror Julian,declines the offer of the dia- dem on his death, iii. 218. Declines it again on the death of Jovian, 239. Is retained in his employment by the em- peror Valentinian, 244.
Sallust, the historian, by what funds he raised his palace on the Quirinal hill, iv. 128. note.
Salona, the retreat of the emperor Dio. cletian, described, i. 439.
Salvian his account of the distress and re-
bellion of the Bagaudæ, iv. 305. note. Samanides, the Saracen dynasty of, vi. 461.
Samaritans, persecution and extinction
of, by the emperor Justinian, vi. 43. Samuel the prophet, his ashes conveyed to Constantinople, iii. 473. Sapor, king of Persia, procures the assas- sination of Chosroes king of Armenia, and seizes the country, i. 302. Defeats the emperor Valerian, and takes him prisoner, 303. Sets up Cyriades as suc- cessor to Valerian in the Roman em- pire, ibid. Over-runs Syria, Cilicia, and Cappadocia, 304. His death, 346. Bapor, the son of Hormouz, is crowned king of Persia before his birth, ii. 313. His character and early heroism, 314.
Harasses the Eastern provinces of the Roman empire, 316. Battle of Sin- gara, against the emperor Constantius, 317. His son brutally killed by Con- stantius, 319. His several attempts on Nisibis, ibid. Concludes a truce with Constantius, 321. His haughty pro- positions to Constantius, 360. Invades Mesopotamia, 362. Reduces Amida, 365. Returns home, 366. His peace- ful overtures to the emperor Julian, iii. 175. His consternation at the successes of Julian, 206. Harasses the retreat of the Romans, 211. His treaty with the emperor Jovian, 222. His reduction of Armenia, and death, 293. 296. Saracen, various definitions of that appel- lation, vi. 230. note.
Saracens, successions of the caliphs of, vi. 295. Their rapid conquests, 314. Conquest of Persia, 322. Siege of Da- mascus, 331. Battle of Yermuk and conquest of Syria, 345. Of Egypt, 357 Invasions of Africa, 372. Their military character, vii. 34.
Sarbar, the Persian general, joins the Avars in besieging Constantinople, v. 470. Revolts to the emperor Hera- clius, 473.
Sardinia, expulsion of the Vandals from, by Marcellinus, iv. 344. Is conquered by Zano, the brother of Gelimer king of the Vandals, v. 131. Is surrender- ed to Belisarius, 134. Sarmatians, memorable defeat of, by the emperor Carus, i. 381. Their man- ners described, ii. 302. Brief history of, 304. They apply to Constantine the Great for assistance against the Goths, 305. Are expelled their country by the Limigantes, 307. Are restored by Constantius, 360.
Savage manners, a brief view of, i. 248.
Are more uniform than those of civi- lized nations, iii. 314.
Sarus, the Goth, plunders the camp of Stilicho, and drives him into the hands of the emperor at Ravenna, iv. 75. Insults Alaric, and occasions the sack- ing of Rome, 122. Is killed by Adol- phus king of the Visigoths, 149. Saturninus, one of the competitors for empire against Gallienus, his observa- tion on his investiture, i. 312. Saturninus, lieutenant under the emperor Probus, in the East, is driven into re- bellion by his troops, i. 376. Saxons, ancient, an account of, iii. 276. Their piratical confederations, 277.
Their invasions of Gaul checked by the Romans, 278. How converted to Christianity, iv. 394. Descent of the Saxons on Britain, 468. Their brutal desolation of the country, 477. Scanderbeg, prince of Albania, his history, viii. 111.
Scatinian law of the Romans, account of, v. 371.
Scaurus, the patrician family of, how re- duced under the emperors, ii. 246.
Schism in religion, the origin of, traced, ii. 70.
Science reducible to four classes, vi. 439.
Sclavonians, their national character, v. 199. Their barbarous inroads on the Eastern empire, 201. Of Dalmatia, account of, vii. 70.
Scots and Picts, the nations of, how dis- tinguished, iii. 279. 280. Invasions of Britain by, 282.
Scythians, this name vaguely applied to mixed tribes of Barbarians, i. 300. Their pastoral manners, iii. 314. Ex- tent and boundaries of Scythia, 324. Revolutions of, iv. 53. Their mode of war, 250.
Sebastian, master-general of the infantry under the emperor Valens, his success- ful expedition against the Goths, iii. 359. Is killed in the battle of Hadria- nople, 363.
Sebastian, the brother of the usurper Jo-
vinus, is associated with him in his assumed Imperial dignities, iv. 149. Sebastocrator, import of that title in the Greek empire, vii. 18.
Seez, in Normandy, the bishop and chap- ter of, all castrated, viii. 174. note. Segestan, the princes of, support their in- dependency obstinately against Arta- xerxes, i. 229. note.
Segued, emperor of Abyssinia, is with his whole court converted by the Jesuits, vi. 76.
Selden, his sententious character of tran- substantiation, vi. 151. note. Seleucia, the great city of, ruined by the Romans, i. 231.
Seleucus Nicator, number of cities found- ed by him, i. 229. note. Seljuk, Turkish dynasty of the house of, vii. 165. Division of their empire,
Serjeant, legal and military import of that term, vii. 328. note. Severus Septimius, general of the Panno-
nian legions, assumes the purple on the death of Pertinax, i. 126. His conduct toward the Christians, ii. 183. Senate of Rome is reformed by Augustus, i. 68. Its legislative and judicial pow- ers, 77.
Abortive attempt of, to re- sume its rights after the murder of Caligula, 81. Its legal jurisdiction over the emperors, 111. Is subjected to military despotism, by Severus, 140. Women excluded from this assembly by a solemn law, 168. The form of a secret meeting, 199. Measures taken to support the authority of the two Gordians, 200. The senate elect Maxi- mus and Balbinus emperors on the deaths of the Gordians, 201. They drive the Alemanni out of Italy, 291. The senators forbid to exercise military employments by Gallienus, ibid. Elect Tacitus, the father of the senate, em- peror, 360. Prerogatives gained to the senate, by this election, 361. Their power and authority annihilated by Diocletian, 427.
Amount of the coronary gold, or customary free gift of, to the emperors ii. 285. The claim of Julian to the empire admitted, iii. 97.
—, Petitions of, to the emperors, for the restoration of the altar of victory, iii. 453. The Pagan religion renounced, 455. Debates of, on the proposals of Alaric the Goth, iv. 71. Genealogy of the senators, 86. Passes a decree for putting to death Serena the widow of Stilicho, 109. Under the influence of Alaric, elects Attalus emperor, 119. Trial of Arvandus, a prætorian præfect of Gaul,350. Surrenders the sovereign power of Italy to the emperor of the East, 363.
Extinction of that illustrious assem- bly, v. 278.
Restoration of, in the twelfth cen- tury, viii. 182. The assembly resolved into single magistrates, 187. Serapion, his lamentation for the loss of a personified deity, vi. 8. Serapis, history of his worship, and of his temple at Alexandria, iii. 461. The temple destroyed, 463. Serena, niece of the emperor Theodosius, married to his general Stilicho, iv. 12. Is cruelly strangled by order of the Roman senate, iv. 109. Severinus, St. encourages Odoacer to as-
sume the dominion of Italy, iv. 362. His body how disposed of, 366. note.
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