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Maximus, the Pagan Preceptor of the
emperor Julian, initiates him into the
Eleusinian mysteries, iii. 128. Is ho-
nourably invited to Constantinople by
his Imperial pupil, 140. Is corrupted
by his residence at court, ibid.
Maximus, Petronius, his wife ravished
by Valentinian III. emperor of the
West, iv. 302. His character and ele-
vation to the empire, 307.
Mebodes, the Persian general, ungrate-
fully treated by Chosroes, v. 215.
Mecca, its situation, and description, vi.
226. The Caaba or temple of, 238.
Its deliverance from Abrahah, 244.
The doctrine of Mahomet opposed
there, 265. His escape, 266. The city
of, surrendered to Mahomet, 278. Is
pillaged by Abu Taher, vi. 458.
Medina, reception of Mahomet there, on
his flight from Mecca, vi. 267.
Megalesia, the festival of, at Rome, de-
scribed, i. 101. note.

Meletians, an Egyptian sect, persecuted
by Athanasius, iii. 40.
Melitene, battle of, between the the East-
ern emperor Tiberius, and Chosroes
king of Persia, v. 423.

Melo, citizen of Bari, invites the Nor-
mans into Italy, vii. 108.
Memphis, its situation, and reduction by
the Saracens, vi. 359.
Merovingian kings of the Franks in Gaul,
origin of, iv. 274. Their domain and
benefices, 451.

Mervan, caliph of the Saracens, and the
last of the house of Ommiyah, his de-
feat and death, vi. 428.
Mesopotamia, invasion of, by the empe.
ror Julian, iii. 189. Described by Xeno-
phon, 190.

Messala, Valerius, the first præfect of
Rome, his high character, ii. 250.

note.

Messiah, under what character he was
expected by the Jews, ii. 64. His birth-
day, how fixed by the Romans, iii. 91.

note.

Metals and money, their operation in im-
proving the human mind, i. 248.
Metellus Numidicus, the censor, his in-
vective against women, i. 168. note.
Metius Falconius, his artful speech to the
emperor Tacitus in the senate on his
election, i. 361.
Metrophanes of Cyzicus, is made patri-
arch of Constantinople, viii. 97.
Metz, cruel treatment of, by Attila king
of the Huns, iv. 280.

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Michael IV. the Paphlagonian, emperor
of Constantinople, vi. 123.
Michael V. Calaphates, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 124.

Michael VI. Stratioticus, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 125.

Michael VII. Parapinaces, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 129.

Milan, how the Imperial court of the
Western empire came to be transferred
from Rome to that city, i. 426.

Famous edict of Constantine the
Greatfin favour of the Christians, pub-
lished there, ii. 391.

St. Ambrose elected archbishop of
that city, iii. 412. Tumults occasioned
by his refusing a church for the Arian
worship of the empress Justina and
her son, 314.

, Revolt of, to Justinian, v. 174. Is
taken and destroyed by the Burgun-
dians, 180.

Is again destroyed by Frederic I.

vi. 213.

Military force, its strength and efficacy
dependent on a due proportion to the
number of the people, i. 116.

Military officers of the Roman empire at
the time of Constantine the Great, a
review of, ii. 258.

Millenium, the doctrine of, explained,
ii. 82.

Mingrelia. See Colchos.

Minority, two distinctions of, in the Ro-
man law, iv. 14. note.
Miracles, those of Christ and his apostles,
escaped the notice of the heathen phi-
losophers and historians, ii. 136. Ac-
count of those wrought by the body of
St. Stephen, iii. 475.

Miraculous powers of the primitive
church, an inquiry into, ii. 87.
Misitheus, chief minister and father-in-
law of the third Gordian, his charac-
ter, i. 213.
Misopogon of the emperor Julian, on
what occasion written, iii. 180.
Missorium, or great golden dish of Adol-
phus king of the Visigoths, history of,
iv. 140.

Moawiyah, assumes the title of caliph,
and makes war against Ali, vi. 300.

His character and reign, 301. Lays
siege to Constantinople, vi. 409.
Modar, prince of the Amali, seduced by
the emperor Theodosius, turns his arms
against his own countrymen, iii. 377.
Moguls, primitive, their method of treat-
ing their conquered enemies, iv. 244.
Reign and conquests of Zingis, vii. 451.
Conquests of his successors, 458. See
Tamerlane.

Moguntiacum, the city of, surprised by
the Alemanni, iii. 272.
Mokawkas the Egyptian, his treaty with
the Saracen Amrou, vi. 361,
Monarchy defined. i. 67. Hereditary, ridi-
culous in theory, but salutary in fact,
187. The peculiar objects of cruelty
and of avarice under, ii. 275.
Monastic iustitutions, the seeds of, sown
by the primitive Christians, ii. 98.
Origin, progress, and consequence of,

iv. 371.

Money, the standard and computation of,

under Constantine the Great, and his
successors, ii. 280. note.
Monks have embellished the sufferings of
the primitive martyrs by fictions, ii.
167.

Character of, by Eunapius, iii. 472.
By Rutilius, iv. 23. Origin and history
of, 371. Their industry in making
proselytes, 376. Their obedience, 378.
Their dress and habitations, 380. Their
diet, 381. Their manuel labour, 383.
Their riches, 384. Their solitude, 385.
Their devotion and visions, 386. Their
division into the classes of Canobites
and Anachorets, 387.

-, Suppression of, at Constantinople,
by Constantine V. vi. 162.
Monophysites of the East, history of the
sect of, vi. 60.

Monothelite controversy, [account of, vi.
47.

Montesquieu, his description of the mili-
tary government of the Roman em-
pire, i. 215. His opinion that the de-
grees of freedom in a state are mea-
sured by taxation, controverted, ii.
275.

Montius, quæstor of the palace, is sent
by the emperor Constantius, with Do-
mitian, to correct the administration
of Gallus in the East, ii. 342. Is put to
death there, 343.

Moors of Barbary, their miserable pover-
ty, v. 137 Their invasion of the Ro-
man province punished by Solomon
the eunuch, 146.

Morea is reduced by the Turks, viii. 163.
Morosini, Thomas, elected patriarch of
Constantinople, by the Venetians, vii.

351.

Moseilama, an Arabian chief, endea-
vours to rival Mahomet in his prophe-
tical character, vi. 311.

Moses, the doctrine of the immortality
of the soul not inculcated in his law, ii.
80. His sanguinary laws compared
with those of Mahomet, vi. 271.
Mosheim, character of his work De Re-
bus Christianis ante Constantinum, vi. 2.

note.

Moslemah the Saracen besieges Constan-
tinople, vi. 414.

Motassem, the last caliph of the Sara-
cens, his wars with the Greek empe.
ror Theophilus, vi. 451. Is killed by
the Moguls, vii. 461.
Mourzoufle, usurps the Greek empire,
and destroyes Isaac Angelus, and his
son Alexius, vii. 337. Is driven from
Constantinople by the Latins, 339.
His death, 355.

Mousa, the son of Bajazet, invested with
the kingdom of Anatolia, by Tamer-
lane, viii. 21. His reign, 32.
Mozarabes, in the history of Spain, ex-
plained, vi. 404.

Municipal cities, their advantages, i.

41.

Muratori, his literary character, viii. 258.

note.

Mursa, battle of, between the emperor
Constantius, and the usurper Magnen-
tius, ii. 331.

Musa, the Saracen, his conquest of Spain,
vi. 392. His disgrace, 395. His death,
397.

Mustapha, the supposed son of Bajazet,
his story, viii. 31.

Muta, battle of, between the forces of
the emperor Heraclius and those of
Mahomet, vi. 282.

Mygdonius, river, the course of, stopped
by Sapor king of Persia, at the siege
of Nisibis, ii. 320.

N

Narbonne is besieged by Theodoric, and
relieved by count Litorius, iv. 272.
Nacoragan, the Persian general, his de-
feat by the Romans, and cruel fate, v.
240.

Naissus, battle of, between the emperor
Claudius and the Goths, i. 325.
Naples is besieged and taken by Belisari-

us, v. 156. Extent of the dutchy of,
under the exarchs of Ravenna, v.
403.

Narses, his embassy from Sapor king of
Persia to the emperor Constantius, ii.
360.

Narses king of Persia, prevails over the
pretensions of his brother Hormuz,
and expels Tiridates king of Armenia,
i. 415. Overthrows Galerius, 416. Is
surprised and routed by Galerius, 418.
Articles of peace between him and the
Romans, 422.

Narses, the Persian general of the empe-

ror Maurice, restores Chosroes II.
king of Persia, v. 433. His revolt
against Phocas, and cruel death, 453.
Narses, the eunuch, his military promo-
tion, and dissension with Belisarius, v.
178. His character and expedition to
Italy, 271. Battle of Tagina, 274.
Takes Rome, 276. Reduces and kills
Teias, the last king of the Goths, 278.
Defeats the Franks and Alemanni,
282. Governs Italy in the capacity of
exarch, 284. His disgrace and death,
387.

Naulobatus, a chief of the Heruli, enters

into the Roman service, and is made
consul, i. 299.

Navy of the Roman empire described, i.

20.

Nazarene church at Jerusalem, account
of, ii. 65.

Nazarius the Pagan orator, his account

of miraculous appearances in the sky
in favour of Constantine the Great, ii.
405.

Nebridius, prætorian præfect in Gaul, is
maimed and superseded, by his indis-
creet opposition to the troops of Julian,
iii. 92.

Negroes of Africa, evidences of there in-
tellectual inferiority to the rest of man-
kind, iii. 293.

Nectarius is chosen archbishop of Con-
stantinople, iii. 406.

Nennius, his account of the arrival of
the Saxons in Britain, different from
that of Gildas, Bede, and Witikind,
iv. 469. note.

Nepos, Julius, is made emperor of the
West by Leo the Great, iv. 357.
Nepotian, account of his revolt in Italy,
ii. 333.

Nero persecutes the Christians as the in-
cendiaries of Rome, ii. 154.
Nerva, emperor, his character, and
pru-
dent adoption of Trajan, i. 84.

Nestorius, archbishop of Constantinople,
his character, vi. 16. His heresy con-
cerning the incarnation, 17. His dis-
pute with Cyril of Alexandria, 18. Is
condemned, and degraded from his.
episcopal dignity, by the council of
Ephesus, 21. Is exiled, 25. His death,
26. His opinions still retained in Per-
sia, 53. Missions of his disciples in the
East Indies, 56.

Nevers, John count of, disastrous fate of
him and his party at the battle of Ni-
copolis, vi. 375.

Nice becomes the capital residence of
sultan Soliman, vii. 184. Siege of, by
the first crusaders, 228.

Nicephorus I. emperor of Constantinople,
vi. 100. His wars with the Saracens,
443. His death, vii. 71.

Nicephorus II. Phocas, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 118. His military en-
terprises, 464.

Nicephorus III. Botaniates, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 130. Was raised
to the throne by sultan Soliman, vii.
182.

Nicetas, senator of Constantinople, his
flight, on the capture of the city by the
Latins, vii. 343. His brief history, 345.
note. His account of the statues de-
stroyed at Constantinople, ibid.
Nicholas, patriarch of Constantinople,
opposes the fourth marriage of the
emperor Leo the philosopher, vi.
114.

Nicholas V. pope, his character, viii. 88.
How interested in the fall of Constan-
tinople, 132.

Nicomedia, the court of Diocletian held
there, and the city embellished by him,
i. 426. The church of, demolished by
Diocletian, ii. 197. His palace fired,
200.

Nicopolis, battle of, between sultan Baja-
zet, and Sigismond king of Hungary,
vii. 482.

Nika, the sedition of, at Constantinople,
v. 58.

Nineveh, battle of, between the empe-
ror Heraclius and the Persians, v.
473.

Nisibis, the city of, described, and its
obstinate defence against the Persians,
ii. 319. Is yielded to Sapor by treaty,
iii. 223.
Nizam, the Persian vizir, his illustrious
character, and unhappy fate, vii.

180.
Noah, his ark very convenient for resoly-

ing the difficulties of Mosaic antiqua-
ries, i. 243.
Nobilissimus, a title invented by Con-
stantine the Great to distinguish his
nephew Hannibalianus, ii. 300.
Noricum described, i. 40.
Normans, their settlement in the pro-
vince of Normandy in France, vii. 108.
Their introduction to Italy, 109. They
serve in Sicily, 110. They conquer
Apulia, 111. Their character, 112.
Their treaty with the pope, 116.
Novatians are exempted by Constantine
the Great, in a particular edict, from
the general penalties of heresy, iii. 2.
Are cruelly persecuted by Macedonius
bishop of Constantinople, 66.
Novels of Justinian, how formed, and
their character, v. 333.

Noureddin, sultan, his exalted character,
vii. 270.

Nubia, conversion of, to Christianity, vi.
72.

Numerian, the son of Carus, succeeds

his father in the empire, in conjunction
with his brother Carinus, i. 384.
Numidia, its extent at different æras of
the Roman history, i. 29.

Oasis, in the desarts of Lybia, described,
iv. 172. note. Three places under this
name pointed out, vi. 26. note.
Obedience, passive, theory and practice of
the Christian doctrine of, ii. 393.
Obelisks, Egyptian, the purpose of their
erection, ii. 355.

Oblations to the church, origin of, ii.
110.

Obligations, human, the sources of, v.
358. Laws of the Romans respecting,
359.

Odenathus, the Palmyrene, his successful
opposition to Sapor king of Persia, i.
306. Is associated in the empire by
Gallienus, 313. Character and fate of
his Queen Zenobia, 339.

Odin, the long reign of his family in Swe.
den, i. 251. note. His history, 271.
Odoacer the first Barbarian king of Italy,
iv. 361. His character and reign, 367.
Resigns all the Roman conquests be-
yond the Alps, to Euric king of the
Visigoths, 419. Is reduced and killed
by Theodoric the Ostrogoth, v. 9.
Ohud, battle of, between Mahomet and
Abu Sophian prince of Mecca, vi.
274.

Olga, princess of Russia, her baptism,

vii. 96.

Olive, its introduction into the Western
world, i. 60.

Olybrius is raised to the Western empire
by count Ricimer, iv. 355.
Olympic games compared with the tour-
naments of the Goths, vii. 216.
Olympiodorus, his account of the magni-
ficence of the city of Rome, iv. 89.
His account of the marriage of Adol-
phus king of the Visigoths, with the
princess Placidia, 138.`

Olympius, favourite of the emperor Ho-
norius, alarms him with unfavourable
suspicions of the designs of Stilicho, iv.
73. Causes Stilicho to be put to death,
75. His disgrace, and ignominious
death, 115.

Omar, caliph of the Saracens, vi. 295.
His character, 313. His journey to Je-
rusalem, $48.

Ommiyah, elevation of the house of, to
the office of caliph of the Saracens, vi.
301. Why not the objects of public
favour, 426. Destruction of, 428.
Oracles, Heathen, are silenced by Con-
stantine the Great, iii. 72.
Orchan, emir of the Ottomans, his reign,

vii. 472. Marries the daughter of the
Greek emperor Cantacuzene, 476.
Ordination of the clergy in the early ages
of the church, an account of, ii. 422.
Orestes is sent ambassador from Attila
king of the Huns, to the emperor The-
odosius the younger, iv. 253. His his-
tory and promotion under the West-
ern emperors, 359. His son Augustu-
lus, the last emperor of the West,
360.

Orestes, prætor of Egypt, is insulted by a
monkish mob in Alexandria, vi. 15.
Origen declares the number of primitive
martyrs to be very inconsiderable, ii.
169. His conference with the empress
Mammæa, 185. His memory perse-
cuted by the emperor Justinian and
his clergy, vi. 44.

Orleans besieged by Attila king of the
Huns, and relieved by Etius and The-
odoric, iv. 280.

Osius, bishop of Cordova, his great influ

ence with Constantine the Great, ii..
408. Prevails on Constantine to ratify
the Nicene creed, iii. 31. Is with diffi
culty prevailed on to concur in deposing
Athanasius, 52.

Osrhoene, the small kingdom of, reduced
by the Romans, i. 232.

Ossian, his poems, whether to be con-
nected with the invasion of Caledonia
by the emperor Severus, i. 146. Is
said to have disputed with a Christian
missionary, ii. 130. note.
Ostia, the port of, described, iv. 117.
Othman, caliph of the Saracens, vi.
296.

Othman, the father of the Ottomans, his
reign, vii. 470.

Otho I. king of Germany, restores and
appropriates the Western empire, vi.
202. Claims by treaty the nomination
of the pope of Rome, 206. Defeats
the Turks, vii. 81.

Otho II. deposes pope John XII. and
chastises his party at Rome, vi. 210.
Otho, bishop of Frisingen, his character

as an historian, viii. 190. note.
Ottomans, origin and history of, vii. 469.
They obtain an establishment in Eu-
rope, 477.

Ovid is banished to the banks of the
Danube, ii. 304.

Oxyrinchus, in Egypt, monkish piety of
that city, iv. 373.

Р

Pecatus, his encomium on the emperor
Theodosius the Great, iii. 426.
Pederasty, how punished by the Scati-
nian law, v. 370. By Jus inian, 372.
Pagan, derivation and revolutions of the
term, iii. 75. note.

Paganism, the ruin of, suspended by the
divisions among the Christians, iii. 76.
Theological system of the emperor Ju-
lian, 126.

General review of the ecclesi-

astical establishment and jurisdiction
of, before it was subverted by Christia-
nity, iii 450. Is renounced by the Ro-
man senate, 455. The Pagan sacrifices
prohibited, 457. The temples demo-
lished, 459: The ruin of, deplored by
the sophists, 472. Pagan ceremonies
revived in Christian churches, 479.

Palæologus, Constantine, Greek emperor,
his reign, viii. 115. Is killed in the
storm of Constantinople by the Turks,
152.
Palæologus, John, emperor of Constanti-
nople, vii. 431. Marries the daughter
of John Cantacuzene, 438. Takes up
arms against Camacuzene, and is re-
duced to flight, 440. His restoration,
441. Discord between him and his
sons, 435. His treaty with pope Inno-

cent VI. viii. 47. His visit to pope Ur-
ban V. at Rome, 49.

Palæologus, John II. Greek emperor,
his zeal, viii. 59. His voyage to Italy,
63.

Palæologus, Manuel, associated with his
father John, in the Greek empire, vii.
486. Tribute exacted from him by
sultan Bajazet, 487. His treaties with
Soliman and Mahomet, the sons of
Bajazet VI. viii. 35. His visit to the
courts of Europe, 50. Private motives
of his European negotiations explained,
58. His death, 59.

Paleologus, Michael, emperor of Nice,
his brief replies to the negotiations of
Baldwin II. emperor of Constantino-
ple, vii. 375. His family and charac-
ter, 395. His elevation to the throne,
397. His return to Constantinople, 401.
Blinds and banishes his young associate
John Lascaris, 402. He is excommu-
nicated by the patriarch Arsenius, 403.
Associates his son Andronicus in the
empire, 405. His union with the La-
tin church, 406. Instigates the revolt
of Sicily, 413.

Palatines and Borderers, origin and na-
ture of these distinctions in the Roman
troops, ii. 260.

Palermo taken by Belisarius by strata-
gem, v. 152.

Palestine, a character of, i. 28.
Palladium of Rome, described, iii. 451.

note.

Palladius, the notary, sent by Valentini-
an to Africa, to inquire into the go-
vernment of count Romanus, con-
nives with him in oppressing the pro-
vince, iii. 287.
Palmyra, description of, and its destruc-
tion by the emperor Aurelian, i. 344.
Panatius was the first teacher of the
Stoic philosophy at Rome, v. 320.

note.

Pandects of Justinian, how formed, v.

327.

Panhypersebastos, import of that title in
the Greek empire, vii. 18.
Pannonia, described, i. 25.
Pantheon at Rome, by whom erected,
i. 50. note.
Is converted into a Chris-
tian church, iii. 461.
Pantomimes, Roman, described, iv. 104.
Paper, where and when the manufac-
ture of, was first found out, vi. 327.
Papinian, the celebrated lawyer, created
prætorian præfect, by the emperor Se-
verus, i. 140. His death, 151.

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