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And the saying remains forever true, that "by hope we are saved."Frederic H. Hedge (Ways of the Spirit, p. 251).

In this connection, it will be edifying to note the famous utterance of the late Thomas Carlyle, who had been educated a Calvinist; and this, though one cannot help being reminded of the remark Mr. Emerson made in 1848, "Carlyle is a triphammer with an Æolian attachment":

Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than voluntary Force. Thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle. For the God-given mandate, Work thou in Well-doing, lies mysteriously written in Promethean Prophetic characters in our hearts, and leaves us no rest till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom. And as the clay-given mandate, Eat thou and be filled, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,- must there not be a confusion, a contest, before the better influence can become the upper?... Our Wilderness is the wide World in an Atheistic Century; our Forty Days are long years of suffering and fasting. Nevertheless, to these also comes an end....

The hot Harmattan wind had raged itself out; its howl went silent within me, and the long-deafened soul could now hear. I paused in my wild wanderings, and sat me down to wait and consider; for it was as if the hour of change drew nigh. I seemed to surrender, to renounce utterly, and say, "Fly, then, false shadows of Hope. I will chase you no more, I will believe you no more. And ye, too, haggard spectres of Fear, I care not for you; ye, too, are all shadows and a lie. Let me rest here, for I am way-weary and life-weary." The first preliminary moral act, Annihilation of Self, had been happily accomplished; and my mind's eyes were now unsealed, and its hands ungyved. . . . Often, also, could I see the black Tempest marching in anger through the distance. Round some Schreckhorn, as yet grim-blue, would the vapor gather, and there tumultuously eddy, and flow down like a mad witch's hair; till after a space it vanished, and in the clear sunbeam your Schreckhorn stood smiling, grim-white, for the vapor had held snow. How thou fermentest and elaboratest in thy great fermenting-vat and laboratory of an Atmosphere, of a World, O Nature! Or what is Nature? Ha! Why do I not name thee God? Art not thou the "living garment of God"? O heavens, is it, in very deed, He, then, that ever speaks through thee, that lives and loves in thee, that lives and loves in me?

Fore-shadows-call them rather fore-splendors of that Truth and beginning of Truths fell mysteriously over my soul. Sweeter than Dayspring to the Shipwrecked in Nova Zembla; ah! like the mother's voice to her little child that strays bewildered, weeping, in unknown tumults; like soft streamings of celestial music to my too-exasperated heart, came that Evangel. The Universe is not dead and demoniacal, a charnel-house with spectres, but god-like, and my Father's!

With other eyes, too, could I now look upon my fellow-man: with an infinite Love, an infinite Pity. Poor, wandering, wayward man! Art thou not tried and beaten with stripes, even as I am? Ever, whether thou bear the royal mantle or the beggar's gabardine, art thou not so weary, so heavy-laden? and thy Bed of Rest is but a Grave. O my Brother, why cannot I shelter thee in my bosom, and wipe away all tears from thy eyes! Truly, the din of many-voiced Life, which, in this solitude, with the mind's organ, I could hear, was no longer a maddening discord, but a melting one; like inarticulate cries and sobbings of a dumb creature, which in the ear of Heaven are prayers. The poor Earth, with her poor joys, was now my needy Mother, not my cruel Step-dame. Man, with his so mad Wants and so mean Endeavors, had become the dearer to me; and, even for his sufferings and his sins, I now first named him Brother. Thus was I standing in the porch of that "Sanctuary of Sorrow"; by strange, steep ways had I, too, been guided thither; and ere long its sacred gates would open, and the "Divine Depth of Sorrow" lie disclosed to me. . . .

There is in man a Higher than Love of Happiness: he can do without Happiness, and instead thereof find Blessedness. ... Which God-inspired Doctrine art thou also honored to be taught, O heavens! and broken with manifold merciful Afflictions, even till thou become contrite, and learn it! Oh, thank thy Destiny for these. Thankfully bear what yet remain: thou hadst need of them; the Self in thee needed to be annihilated. By benignant fever-paroxysms is Life rooting out the deep-seated chronic Disease, and triumphs over Death. On the roaring billows of Time, thou art not engulfed, but borne aloft into the azure of Eternity. Love not Pleasure, love God. This is the Everlasting Yea, wherein all contradiction is solved; wherein whoso walks and works, it is well with him.... Conviction, were it never so excellent, is worthless till it convert itself into Conduct. Nay, properly, Conviction is not possible till then.... Most true is it, as a wise man teaches us, that "Doubt of any sort cannot be removed except by Action." On which ground, too, let him who gropes painfully in the darkness or uncertain light and prays vehemently that the dawn may ripen into day, lay this other precept well to heart, which to me was of invaluable service, "Do the Duty which lies nearest thee," which thou knowest to be a Duty! Thy second Duty will already have become clearer. ... The Situation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by man. Yes, here, in this poor, miserable, hampered, despicable Actual wherein thou even now standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal; work it out therefrom; and, working, believe, live, be free.— Sartor Resartus (passim).

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Of many Calvinist replications to the foregoing, a prominent one is that of Rev. George McCrie, who says: "If it be true that God loves in me,' it must be equally true that God hates in me'; and, by the same logic, he is all hatred to sin, and indignation against sinners.” *

*The Religion of our Literature, London, 1875, p. 57.

Carlyle's admonition, "Love not pleasure," brings to mind that of Charles W. Wendte," Pleasure may fill up the interstices of life, but it is poor material to build its framework of."

In the choice of amusements, a business man should patronize outof-door exercises; any diversion which keeps one up nearly until midnight in a crowded hall and unhealthy atmosphere, is not in the better sense recreative or improving. He should not be completely absorbed in business; he should ride on the harrow, not under it.-C. B. Patten (Lecture before the Boston Young Men's Christian Union).

...

Dean Stanley tells us that Thomas Erskine, of Linlathen, once meeting a shepherd in a lonely path in the Highlands, greeted him with the question, "Do you know the Father? and, without waiting for the reply, passed on his way. Years afterwards, he met the same shepherd among the same hills, who recognized him, and gave him the answer as he passed, "I know the Father now." That knowledge he had found in the experience of a human life.

It comes to us, if it comes at all, through those years of learning and of waiting in which our human hearts are both humbled and exalted, both made empty and enriched. That knowledge is the knowledge in which all moral experiences sum up their wisdom of life; and it cannot be taught, for it is a revelation coming through the life of man, through all his affections, needs, trials, satisfactions,—a knowledge of the heart which cannot be taken away. Thus the Bible sums up its revelations of the Father in one intensely human word, God is love.- Dr. Newman Smyth (Old Faiths in New Light, p. 277).

Habitual evils change not on a sudden,

But many days must pass and many sorrows.
Conscious remorse and anguish must be felt,
To curb desire, to break the stubborn will,
And work a second nature in the soul,
Ere virtue can resume the place she lost.

Lectures on Hist. Church of Scotland, p. 184.

Nicholas Rowe.

CHAPTER XL.

REGENERATION.

What is the Evolutional View of Regeneration, and What concerning Emotion, Subordination, and Profession, as Factors or as Results?

THAT which particularly emphasizes as essential thereto introspection, self-renunciation, aspiration, and " at-one-ment with God." This view, no less than the intercessional, considers that Christ" gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity," but not in the same sense. The thesis how and wherein has been presented in four points: (1) He rendered an unbroken obedience to the law of the spirit; he served the spirit of God; he came not to do his own will, but the will of God. (2) The law of the spirit making men one (it being only by the law in our members that we are many), Christ had an unfailing sense of the mutuality (or “solidarity ") of men,— that it was not God's will that one of his human creatures should perish. (3) Christ persevered in this uninterrupted obedience to the law of the spirit,- in this unfailing sense of human solidarity, even to the death, although everything befell him which might break the one or tire the other. (4) He had in himself, and in all he said and did, that infallible force of attraction which doubled the virtue of everything said and done by him,

And made it the beacon toward sweetness and light,—

The beacon to beauty,

The beacon to duty,

The beacon that brightens all tempest and night.

Celeste Shute Burnham.

The inworking and outworking of our consequent reverence and sense of obligation toward him are already considered.* Dr. Horace Bushnell's view of the death of Christ was that he died to reconcile man to God, not God to man; that there

Chap. xxv. See Dr. M. Arnold's St. Paul and Protestantism, passim.

is no antagonism between justice and mercy which makes an "atonement" (in the dogmatic sense of the word) necessary or even possible. The opinion long and generally held that the Scripture sacrifices import expiation, he thought might be accounted for by the fact that there is a natural tendency in all worthy ideas of religion to lapse into such as are unworthy,repentance, for instance, into doing penance; that the sacrifices could easily be corrupted in this manner, and, in fact, were by all the pagan religions; and then that there was imported back into the constructions of Scripture a notice of expiation as pertaining to sacrifice under the plausible but unsuspected sanction of classic usages and associations.*

Dr. William E. Channing's view was that the blood of Christ is emblematic: "Our liberty was purchased and our country saved by the blood of patriots."† "I regard Jesus as the Shekinah to us." Similarly, Dr. Emanuel Swedenborg.§

In becoming acquainted with Jesus as one of ourselves, we are unconsciously learning to have faith in the highest ideal, and a new sense is formed within us of the worth and sacred destiny of the race which has produced such an instance of what it may become. It is not from any theological propositions, however logically sound, it is not from any verbal precepts, however wise and pure, that we can draw the strength that we greatly need amidst the impenetrable mystery of life. There is no religion that is of any value, however venerable its doctrines and its ceremonials, that is not rooted deep in faith in human virtue; that does not create an ever-growing trust in rectitude, in unselfishness, in whatever is good and noble. There can be no faith in God unless there is faith in man. If we do not hold our brother sacred whom we see, how can we revere God whom we do not see? There is no divine goodness for us if we do not believe in human virtue.- Dr. W. H. Furness (Jesus).

We have changed the Master's summary, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand," into another, "Repent, for the kingdom of hell is not far off." Instead of making men afraid to sin, we have tried to make them afraid to die. Even in that we have not greatly succeeded. . . . Make a man understand that there is no happiness for him except in being merciful, meek, Christ-like, and you make him realize that he must be born again.- William B. Wright.

Death-bed repentance is burning the candle of life in the service of the devil, then blowing the snuff in the face of heaven.- Lorenzo Dow. The permanence of the blessing of regeneration is entitled

The Vicarious Sacrifice grounded in Principles of Universal Obligation, passim. The Perfect Life, p. 279. Memoirs, etc., p. 438.

& The True Christian Religion, n. 706.

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