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Ex.-The Holy Bible, the Old Testament, the Acts of the Apostles.

Note 1.-When the Bible is spoken of simply as a book, no capital letter is needed; as, Six bibles were sold this morning.

Note 2.-Capital letters are used also to begin the names of other sacred writings; as, The Koran, the Zend Avesta, etc.

19. Specific Terms.-The words state, academy, college, university, park, etc., when used specifically, either as nouns or adjectives, should begin with capital letters, and at other times with small letters.

Ex. The State, a state election; The College, a regular college course; A drive in the Park, the park along the railway.

General Remark.-The foregoing rules cover all the ordinary cases where words should begin with capitals, but in the case of handbills, advertisements, etc. much is left to the taste of the printer, who often uses capitals profusely to make a better display.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE.

Place capitals wherever necessary in the following sentences!

1. what is done cannot be undone.

2. thou shalt not kill.

3. have you studied latin or italian?

4. if i can find the book, i will send it to you.

5. o excellent scipio!

6.

Break, break, break,

on thy cold gray stones, o sea.

7 The north and the south do not agree on all things. 8. The niagara river connects lake erie with lake ontario. 9. The christmas festival comes this year on sunday.

10. July and august are summer months.

11. The american revolution continued eight years.

12. I started for the west on friday, the seventh day of june. 13. The chief writers of the elizabethan era were shakespeare, spenser, and bacon.

14. He offered three propositions: 1. to buy our share of the property; 2. to sell us his share; 3. to sell the whole property and let him purchase who would pay the most.

15. Resolved, that war is a greater evil than intemperance.

16. George washington and john adams were the first two presidents.

17. Resolved, that an income tax would be injurious to our country.

18. The subject of the essay was, "the influence of America on the neighboring republic."

19. The steamship "ironsides" lay at anchor.

20. Several of our vessels were sunk in hampton roads.

21. The cost to us has been as follows:

for fuel.

for room rent

for gas

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22. Emerson says, a great man is willing to be little."

23. The french and the english have not always been on friendly terms.

24. We crossed the alleghanies just about daybreak.

25. We visited the park and the battery.

26. Queen victoria's husband, prince albert, was of german descent.

27. We owe all our prosperity to him who created and who governs the world.

28. The title of the new book is, "life and adventures among the savages of the west."

29. Gen. Grant, gen. Sherman, and gen. Hancock were in attendance.

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81. During october and november of last autumn I was very

busy.

32. The question for debate was, Resolved, that the indians should be compelled to support themselves.

33. Nothing but folly goes faithful and fearful.

34. That was in my salad days; i've grown wiser since.

35. The groves were god's first temples.

36.

All are but parts of one stupendous whole,

whose body nature is, and God the soul.

37. His two chief books were the bible and a copy of bax. ter's saint's rest.

38. The question now arises, how shall we meet our expenses?

39. The acts of the apostles and revelation were his favorite parts of the new testament.

40. Well, mr. Smith, what news have you?

41. Kant said, "give me matter and I will build the world." 42. The apostle Paul was formerly known as saul of tarsus. 43. Cape cod bay lies east of new england, but the gulf of st. lawrence is farther north.

44. Next to the capital stood bristol, then the first english seaport.

45. The chairman of our committee on foreign relations introduced the bill in the senate.

46. The french and indian war occurred before the war of the revolution.

47. One of Goldsmith's best works is his deserted village. 48. Neither the democratic nor the republican party was thoroughly organized.

49. The zend avesta is the sacred book of the followers of zoroaster.

50. The greeks were great artists; the romans, great executives.

51. This, o king, is my plea for mercy.

52. An important truth is often briefly expressed; as, is waste.

haste

53. Edward the elder succeeded his father alfred the great.

CHAPTER 11.

PUNCTUATION.

PUNCTUATION treats of the use of points in dividing written composition.

The chief use of punctuation is to divide discourse into sentences, and these again into parts, in such a manner as will best show the relation of these parts to one another.

Punctuation is based almost wholly on grammatical analysis. The same good judgment and accurate discrimination is needed, therefore, in both.

So much diversity of usage exists among authors of good repute with regard to some of the marks of punctuation that it has been doubted if the rules on the subject are fixed and definite. While it is true that in some of the minor uses of some of the points, especially the comma, there is much left to the individual judgment of the writer, the main rules are fixed, and are observed by all reputable writers.

The chief grammatical points are

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are used in written and printed discourse for various purposes. Among these are

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and a number of others of minor importance, the use of which will be explained farther on.

THE PERIOD (.).

The Period was the first point introduced, and was used originally to indicate the completion of a sentence. The principal rules for the use of the period are the following:

RULE 1. Complete Sentences.-A period should be placed at the end of every declarative or imperative sentence.

Ex.-"Many hands make light work."

"If sinners entice thee, consent thou not."

Remark.-Lengthy compound sentences are frequently broken into a number of shorter sentences. In such cases a period follows each of the shorter sentences.

Note. The conjunctions and, but, etc. are frequently used simply to introduce a sentence. In such cases they do not indicate any connection with a preceding sentence.

Ex.-" And Moses spake unto the children of Israel." "But we shall permit no treachery."

RULE 2. Abbreviations.-A period should be placed after every abbreviated word.

Ex.-Jas., Cr., Ph.D., Rev. Chas. Smith, D. D., LL.D.

Note 1.-When an abbreviated name becomes a nickname, as Ben, Tom, Sue, etc., it is not followed by a period.

Note 2.-Ordinal adjectives, as 2d, 4th, 8th, 10th, etc., are not

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