THROUGH

38692

FRANCE AND ITALY,

ILLUSTRATING

THEIR PRESENT SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND

RELIGIOUS CONDITION.

BY EDMUND SPENCER, ESQ.,

AUTHOR OF

66
TRAVELS IN EUROPEAN TURKEY," TRAVELS IN CIRCASSIA," &c.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

LONDON:

HURST AND BLACKETT, PUBLISHERS,

SUCCESSORS TO HENRY COLBURN,

13, GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET.

1853.

LONDON:

Printed by Schulze and Co., 13, Poland Street.

CONTENTS

OF

THE SECOND VOLUME.

CHAPTER I.

Celebration of Louis Napoleon's coup d'état at Rome-

Grand religious procession-An American's opinion

of the Britishers-Anecdote of an English fanatic

-Opinions of foreigners respecting the conversion of

England-Remarks on the Roman Catholic religion.

-The Inquisition at Rome-Singular discovery-

The Jesuits in England-Their colleges and places of

residence

1

CHAPTER II.

Historical notice of the Papacy-How it first rose to power

-Ambition of the Popes of Rome-Origin of the

persecuting spirit of the Romish Church-Establish-

ment of the Jesuits Their evil influence in the

b

VOL. II.

Church-Their suppression by Clement XIV.-Re-

establishment by Pius VII.-Morals and manners of

the Pontifical Court The Reformation Reli-

gious persecution in Italy-Rapid decline of Papal

power.
. 31

CHAPTER III.

Criticism on the Italian character-Flourishing state of

Italy under the Republics-Hostility of the Papal

Church to intellectual progress-How it has acted on

the Italian mind-General observations on priestly

government

50

CHAPTER IV.

Details of the late insurrection in Rome-Erroneous

statements of the French Press with reference to it-

Extracts from reliable Italian authors respecting the

insurrection-Character of the Roman people vindi-

cated-Want of faith displayed by the French govern-

ment towards the Roman Republic-Its injury to the

French national character Deplorable state of

Italy-Character of young Italy-General observa-

-

tions

CHAPTER V.

64

How the Papal Church acquired its temporal possessions

-The Countess Matilda d'Este and Pope Gregory

VII. Territorial divisions of Italy-How effected—

Despotism of Austria contrasted with the Papal

Government-French intervention and its effects

Re-establishment of priestly influence-Union of the

sword with the crozier-Intrigues of the Jesuits-

Alarming state of Italy-Politics and religion of the

Italian people-Errors of the Papal Government as a

ruling power-Signor Mazzini and the Triumviri of

Rome Their erroneous views-General observa-

The prisons of Rome-Sufferings of the prisoners for

political offences-Their severe confinement-Their

insufficient food-Frequent occurrence of death or

insanity in the prisons-Pretended inspection of the

prisoners - Administration of justice in the Papal

States Political and religious persecution in the

Papal States-Insecurity of Papal power-Opinions

of the ultramontane writers respecting England-

Threat of a general crusade against the stronghold of

Protestantism-The great influence of England ac-

knowledged by despotic powers
. 114

CHAPTER VII.

Departure from Rome-Difficulties attending passports

-Dreary aspect of the country-The Vettura-