Second Nature: Economic Origins of Human EvolutionCambridge University Press, 25 окт. 2001 г. - Всего страниц: 254 This book spans two million years of human evolution and explores the impact of economics on human evolution and natural history. The theory of evolution by natural selection has always relied in part on progress in areas of science outside of biology. By applying economic principles at the borderlines of biology, Haim Ofek shows how some of the outstanding issues in human evolution, such as the increase in human brain size and the expansion of the environmental niche humans occupied, can be answered. He identifies distinct economic forces at work, beginning with the transition from the feed-as-you-go strategy of primates, through hunter-gathering and the domestication of fire to the development of agriculture. This highly readable book will inform and intrigue general readers and those in fields such as evolutionary biology and psychology, economics, and anthropology. |
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... ecology 105 Antipredator behavior 110 Adaptive radiation in the baboons 114 The " southern ape " Founder - effect speciation Trade and adaptive specialization 115 117 118 Part 2 Paleoeconomics 8 Departure from the feed - as.
... ecology 105 Antipredator behavior 110 Adaptive radiation in the baboons 114 The " southern ape " Founder - effect speciation Trade and adaptive specialization 115 117 118 Part 2 Paleoeconomics 8 Departure from the feed - as.
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... trade 142 The nature of commodities and the structure of markets 143 Fire : What's in a name ? 151 10 Domestication of fire in relation to market exchange 153 Nonhuman use of fire 153 The question of fuel 155 Incendiary skills 157 ...
... trade 142 The nature of commodities and the structure of markets 143 Fire : What's in a name ? 151 10 Domestication of fire in relation to market exchange 153 Nonhuman use of fire 153 The question of fuel 155 Incendiary skills 157 ...
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... trade which they deploy spontaneously when con- fronted with favorable opportunities ; skills that lie dormant in the absence of such opportunities . As is true of other innate human abilities - such as the mastery of spoken language ...
... trade which they deploy spontaneously when con- fronted with favorable opportunities ; skills that lie dormant in the absence of such opportunities . As is true of other innate human abilities - such as the mastery of spoken language ...
Стр. 11
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Содержание
Exchange in human and nonhuman societies | 9 |
Symbiotic exchange | 11 |
Kin and nepotistic exchange | 14 |
Mercantile exchange | 20 |
Tentative conclusions | 24 |
Classical economics and classical Darwinism | 26 |
Darwins selfrestraint | 27 |
The second point of junction | 31 |
The primate connection | 98 |
Baboon speciation versus human specialization | 105 |
Antipredator behavior | 110 |
Adaptive radiation in the baboons | 114 |
The southern ape | 115 |
Foundereffect speciation | 117 |
Trade and adaptive specialization | 118 |
Departure from the feedasyougo strategy | 125 |
Separate approaches to a common puzzle | 34 |
The third point of junction | 35 |
Wallaces independent proof | 36 |
The blunder of Epimetheus | 38 |
The second fundamental problem | 41 |
Evolutionary implications of division of labor | 44 |
The capacity for specialization and differentiation | 45 |
The enigma within the enigma of domestication | 49 |
The sexual division of labor | 54 |
The capacity to operate in grandscale formations | 55 |
Division of labor in insect society | 56 |
The invisible hand | 58 |
The feeding ecology | 62 |
The economic approach to food consumption | 64 |
An adaptive approach to food consumption | 65 |
The shrinking human gut | 66 |
Externalization of function | 67 |
The expensivetissue hypothesis | 68 |
pro and con | 69 |
The transition to huntinggathering | 71 |
Lifecycle versus evolutionary consequences | 73 |
Runaway arms races in a vertical feeding ecology | 74 |
The giraffe | 75 |
The sequoia tree | 79 |
Incidental advantages and disadvantages | 82 |
The origins of nepotistic exchange | 84 |
Convergent body structures | 86 |
Analogy as distinct from homology | 87 |
Bilateral convergence | 88 |
Multilateral convergence | 89 |
Mass convergence | 90 |
Convergent social structures | 95 |
Stone tool technology according to Darwin | 128 |
Exchange augmented foodsharing | 131 |
The origins of market exchange | 138 |
The impetus to trade | 142 |
The nature of commodities and the structure of markets | 143 |
whats in a name? | 151 |
Domestication of fire in relation to market exchange | 153 |
The question of fuel | 155 |
Incendiary skills | 157 |
Provision of fire in the absence of ignition technology | 159 |
Fire and occupation of caves | 162 |
The Upper Paleolithic and other creative explosions | 168 |
The Upper Paleolithic toolkit | 169 |
Longdistance trade | 172 |
Economic and geographic expansions | 173 |
Monetarization of exchange in relation to symbolic behavior | 179 |
Transition to agriculture the limiting factor | 190 |
The history of the problem | 192 |
Agriculture versus huntinggathering | 194 |
The temporal nature of farming | 195 |
Climates on average | 196 |
Topography of heat and moisture | 198 |
The atmospheric fertilizer | 200 |
a clue in the ice caps | 202 |
a regional case study | 207 |
Transition to agriculture the facilitating factor The specializationdiversification dichotomy | 212 |
The caprine paradox | 217 |
Agrarian origins of ancient cities | 222 |
summary | 226 |
| 228 | |
| 237 | |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
Adam Smith adaptive adaptive radiation analogy anatomically ancient animals apes Australopithecine baboons behavior body brain capacity carnivores caves chimpanzees climate common consumption contrived commodity convergence cost crops Darwin diet digestive diversity division of labor dogs domestication early economic economists environment eusociality evident evolutionary expensive fact fairly female Fertile Crescent fire food-sharing function giraffe glaciation global haplodiploidy hominid human evolution hunting hunting-gathering impetus to trade implication individual insects instance intraspecific issue least major male mammals market exchange mating meat million years ago modern humans natural selection nepotistic nepotistic exchange observed organism origins pattern perhaps plants plasticity populations predators primates principle probably production protein range redistribution regions relatively rely reproductive role savanna seems sense sequoia sexual selection social society species structures subsistence symbiosis tion transition to agriculture trees typically University Press Upper Paleolithic variation Wallace wild