suffice to correct a horse, and he will not know how to resent it. The best way to control the horse is through firmness and kindness, but timidity is worse than severity in inducing vice.

The young horse soon becomes tractable, and as long as his temper is unruffled he desires to do that which is

required of him. Until the spirit of rebellion is awakened, he is as anxious to avoid the perils of battle as his master should be. If upon an occasion he declines to perform some movement that is required of him, let his attention be turned to that which will please him, and his obedience in this will induce his obedience afterwards to the first demand. To give up to him after a battle will confirm his obstinacy,

but he will soon forget his unnoticed defiance. Under proper treatment he will in time yield to the will of his master without dreaming of resistance.

The story of Tarleton taming his savage steed with bloody spurs, and the vivid descriptions of the manner in which the Mexican breaks the spirit of the mustang, may pass to adorn the pages of a romance, or to heighten the interest of a traveller's tale. But, aside from the cruelty and peril of such methods, there remains the fact that horses so broken submit for the time only, and the struggle is to be repeated, more or less often. Except in those rare cases of horses naturally vicious, and they are lunatics, fear is the mastering passion of the horse. It is

cowardice that drives him to desperate resistance against the sway of his master; the effort that is successful in ridding him of his tyrant suggests his favourite vice.

I do not, in these remarks, have reference to those tricks that a horse acquires through the inexperience or the timidity of a rider, for, like all cowards, the horse loves to play the bully. As he will seldom take the liberty of practising these upon a resolute man, it is not necessary to point out to his victims what course to pursue.

If the horse is taught to calm his fears at the sound of the voice of man -if he is never ill-treated, in or out of the stable if he does not perceive

timidity upon the part of his masters, and if, with all these conditions, he is given plenty of air and exercise, he will never show vice.

The Saddle.

The tree, of the pattern known to the world as the English saddle, should be selected and covered to permit the rider, with his peculiarities of figure, taking an erect position from his buttocks. It must be large enough. A saddle that is too short prohibits a proper seat, but the rider may be comfortable in a saddle that is larger than is absolutely required.

The panel should be stuffed to fit the horse when the saddle is placed as

far forward as will admit of the free use of the shoulders.

The stirrups should be roomy, with a broad tread, and of medium weight. The holes of the leathers should be punched to correspond, and numbered. The leathers should be attached to the saddle by a spring-bar; the bar that works upon a hinge is the best.

Bits and Martingales.

There is no combination-bit that will supply the place of the "curb and snaffle" of the double bridle. The effects of both of these are required in schooling and in riding the horse. And, although they are never to be used simultaneously, the action of one