work on foot has been faithfully performed the horse will be well advanced in his education.

Bringing the horse into equilibrium, the rider will play with the right rein of the curb to destroy the resistances of the shoulder, and with his left leg will make the horse carry the croup one step to the right. The right leg of the rider will be held close to the side of the horse, to limit the movement to one step, to prevent him moving backward, and to assist the off fore-leg in taking its place in the new position. Taking one step at a time, the horse will complete the movement about the near or outside fore-leg, which has been the pivot.

By inverse means, and observing the

same care, the reversed pirouette will be made to the left.

When the horse will make the circle by the one step and the stop, with ease and without resistance, he will be made to complete the pirouettes without the stop, step by step; his head carried in on the side of the approaching croup. That is, if the croup is passing to the right the head will be carried to the right, to give an easy and graceful carriage to the horse in the movement.

Pirouettes on the Croup.

In these movements the fore-hand will go about the croup, the inner hind-leg being the pivot. To show the horse what is expected of him, a few lessons should be given on foot, in the following

manner:-The trainer will stand in front of the horse, and, taking a snaffle-rein in each hand, in order to direct the fore-hand and to fix the croup, he will lead the horse about, a step at a time, taking pains to keep the pivot-leg as stationary as is possible under such circumstances.

He will then mount the horse and put him in equilibrium. With a snafflerein in each hand he will, if pirouetting to the left, draw the horse to the left with the rein of that side, fixing the croup with the snaffle in the right hand. The right leg will be kept close to the side of the horse to prevent the croup coming against it, and to keep that side of the horse up in its place in the

movement if required. The fore-hand

will be brought about in this way until the horse's position is reversed, and he stands facing the direction opposite to that from which he started. Then he will be put in line, the right leg of the rider being used to bring up the right side of the horse. By the assistance of the aids, right and left being exchanged, the horse will be practised in the movement to the right. In the same way the horse will then be made to complete the circle, pivoting on the croup, to the right and to the left, the outside leg being brought up as the balance requires its support. After the horse will perform these pirouettes on the snaffle-bit, the curb will be used at the finish of the movement, and then the curb-bit, the reins carried in the

hand to which the horse turns, will be used. Finally the horse will be made to do the pirouettes to either side, with the curb-reins carried in the left hand. To make the pirouettes on the haunches neatly and quickly, the forces of the fore-hand will be well carried back, so that the horse will rise off the ground in making the face about. The hindleg on the inside is to be the pivot, and the other hind leg will be brought up during the movement to give it the

finish.

After the horse has been taught to traverse, and to make the changes in the gallop for which these lessons have prepared him, he will be ready to make the pirouettes upon the croup in action. To this end he will be ridden in circles,