against the left side of the neck. The legs of the rider will give such aid

in bringing up the croup in the new as the circumstances may

direction require.

After the horse will turn readily to the demand of the snaffle-bit, he will be made to take the new direction with the unaided use of the curb, the left-hand being carried to the right so that the outside rein presses upon the neck, and bends his head in the direction he is to move.

Carrying the curb-reins in the right hand and those of the snaffle in the left, the change of direction to the left will be made in a similar

manner.

The horse will be accustomed to ke

brought to a stop from the walk by the rider raising the hand and leaning back in the seat, and gently pressing with the legs to bring under the forces of the croup.

The horse standing, and in equilibrium, the rider will induce him to bend his head and neck, first to one side and then to the other, by the vibratory motion of the direct curbrein. Both legs will be kept close to the sides of the horse to keep him steady, the opposite leg being rather closer to overcome resistance and to prevent a movement of the of the croup against it. The horse will not be permitted to carry back his head, at will, from the bent posture, but the rider will bring it back into position by the

rein opposed to to that by which the movement was begun.

It only remains, for the present, that the horse should be taught to bend the croup, at the application of the heel, sufficiently to put him into position for the gallop. He will first be made to take a step with the hind legs to the right by the application of the left leg, the right rein playing with the mouth to remove the opposition of the right shoulder. By inverse means the croup will be moved a step to the left. In all movements of the croup the legs should be held close to the horse, so that the action produced by the one may be readily checked by the other.

THE WALK AND THE TROT.

It is not necessary, nor is it desireable, that the tight grip of the thighs should be maintained while at the walk. The gait is so smooth that the weight and the balance will serve to keep the rider in his seat, and the knees being in position the thighs may instantaneously take their hold in case of a sudden start of the horse. But this ease should never degenerate into negligence, and as a horse is more apt to stumble at a walk than at a quicker gait the rider must never permit his attention to be taken from his horse. The horse should be kept constantly in hand, particularly after any great exertion that has called upon his strength,

for he is much less able to recover from a mistake when he is tired, and he feels the fatigue less when he is kept roused. In going down-hill he must have liberty enough to permit his body conforming to the slope of the ground, so that he may extend his step safely.

For the trot the horse must be kept light, between the application of the hand and legs. The speed will be restrained by the first or augmented by the latter, at the will of the rider, whose efforts should be so directed as to give a regularly-cadenced gait of equal action, in the highest equilibrium possible. The height and brilliancy of movement in the trot may be governed by the application of first the one and then the other spur as the opposite