a considerable collection of author's reprints. There are about 3,500 volumes with full card catalogue.

At one side of the main hall is a row of nine aquarium tanks of various sizes made of reenforced concrete with walls 8 cm. thick. There are two large rectangular tanks, one 1.2 m. high, 3.55 long and 1.1 wide, the other 1.2 by 3.55 by 1.2 m., each divided into two aquaria. The remaining four tanks have sloping backs (about 50° from the perpendicular) and are used for sessile animals. Two of them are 2 m. wide at the top and 1 m. at the bottom, and the other 1 m. wide at the top and but 10 cm. at the bottom. The walls are coated with artificial rockwork. The openings (1.15 by 2.75, and 1.1 by 1.6 m.) are glazed with plate glass 27 mm. in thickness mounted in the older aquaria against the inner face on iron frames with minium aquarium cement. In the fronts recently renewed the Monaco method of mounting on the outer face is employed. On the fronts of the aquaria runs a projecting shelf 40 cm. in width of artificial stone work reaching to a height of 1.2 m. from the floor, at the level of the bottom of the aquaria. A wide (4 m.) corridor behind the aquaria with two series of windows and large skylight shielded by adjustable curtains furnishes abundant overhead light to the aquaria. The exhibition corridor itself is but dimly lighted. In the rear corridor are five iron stands (Pl. XIV, A) with two aquaria each in iron frames with plate glass (7mm.) sides and bottom, the upper one 15 by 22 by 42 cm., the lower 21 by 21 by 48 cm. in height, breadth, and length, respectively; each has overhead water supply and vertical standpipe with surface outflow. On the floor is a semicircular basin 1 by 2.6 m. and 25 cm. deep of reenforced concrete with walls 6 cm. thick. This receives the outflow of all the aquaria and is used for storage. In the smaller well-lighted aquarium room are two large tanks (Pl. XIV, B) in iron frames on a cement table 48 cm. high, 61 cm. wide and 165 cm. long with plate glass sides 20 mm. thick. The table has top and uprights of reenforced concrete 9 cm. thick with a floor basin (87 by 156 and 33 cm. high). There is an overhead water supply and standpipe outlet. There is also an elliptical floor basin (1.5 by 1.8 and .25 m. high) with central fountain and walls of reenforced concrete 6 cm. thick.

The circulating system is of lead piping throughout. The mains are 6 cm., the laterals 3 cm., and the terminals 1.8 and 1.2 cm. outside diameter. A hard rubber tip is fastened with rubber tubing at the end of each supply pipe. This is provided with a removable tip with openings 1 to 3 mm. in diameter and is fastened on with rubber tubing perforated for ingress of air. The discharge is carried to the bottom of the aquarium in glass tubing. Each aquarium has its own overflow of 2 cm. lead pipe and a bottom flush of 3 cm. piping. The

outflow mains are of 5 cm. pipe. All cocks and valves are of brass, tinned (in part) on the inside.

The pumping plant consists of a 3 horsepower electric motor and a Jaegar rotary pump of phosphor bronze with a horsepower hotair pump of Böttger in reserve. The water is drawn from the surface at the margin of the quay through a 4 cm. (internal diameter) lead pipe 28 m. long. The water for the exhibition aquaria is pumped to a cylindrical reservoir (diameter 3.8 m., height 2.62 m., capacity 28 cu. m.) of reenforced concrete with walls 6 cm. thick, located in the central hall in the second story, at an elevation of 15 m. above the pump. The water for the laboratory circulation is pumped to a similar tank (diameter 3 m., height 2.8 m., walls 6 cm. thick, capacity 18 cu. m., elevation 18 m.) in the open air on the corner tower. Waste water from both systems is passed to a basement storage tank 3.8 by 9.25 m. and 1.17 m. deep with masonry walls 40 cm. thick. The system of circulation is closed and the water is used for periods of about ten days before renewal. The shore waters in the roadstead are quickly rendered turbid by shore deposits in rough weather, necessitating a closed system. The laboratory and aquarium circulation are connected but may be used independently.

The Villefranche station is equipped for morphological and observational work, but has no special apparatus for hydrographical (chemical), physiological or bacteriological investigation. There are several high-grade microscopes, six microtomes of Jung, Leitz, and Becker pattern.

The station is fortunate in the possession of a modern motor boat, The Vellela, of 7 tons capacity, length 11 m., width 2.8 m., draft 1 m., with a 6 horsepower naphtha motor. She is a kedge-rigged wooden boat with sail large enough for independent navigation and small closed cabin amidships and forward. The equipment consists of two hand winches with 2,000 m. each of 2 mm. and 5 mm. galvanized steel cables for sounding and dredging. The tackle includes the usual tow nets and dredges and a Chun-Petersen closing net, a Nansen closing net, and Negretti-Zambra reversing deep-sea thermometer. The station has also several small boats for shore work.

The temperatures, salinities and tidal conditions are essentially like those at Monaco as is also the character of the shore and bottom, but there are wider stretches of shallow water. A considerable extent of shallow rocky and weedy bottom up to depths of 100 m. is found in the roadstead itself. The shores are everywhere steep and rocky and near the mouth of the bay the water deepens quickly to 500 m. and reaches over 1,000 m. within 5 kilometers from the shore.

The pelagic fauna at Villefranche is especially rich, many forms (e. g., Histiotuthis sp.) known elsewhere only from deep waters

having been taken here at the surface. The pelagic fauna is most varied and abundant in the colder months of the year.

The climatic advantages of the French Riviera, the superb pelagic fauna, the pure water and the roomy laboratories at Villefranche offer great attractions to the biologist wishing to work upon plankton problems or upon experimental work where close approach to natural conditions is essential.

Literature: Davidoff (1896), Davidoff and Korotneff (1897), Korotneff and Davidoff (1901), Davidoff and Garyeff (1906, 1907), Dean (1894), Francotte (1907), Gruvel (1898), Sand (1897).

INSTITUTE OF MARINE Biology of THE UNIVERSITY OF LYON, TAMARIS-SUR-MER (VAR).

Director, Prof. Raphael Dubois, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Université, Lyon, April-September. At Tamaris the remainder of the year.

The corner stone of this station was laid in 1891, and the building was completed in 1900, on ground given by Michel Pacha, general administrator of the Ottoman light-house service and resident of Tamaris. The University of Lyon granted a sum of 42,000 francs for the building, and subventions have been received from the Department of Var; the commune of Seyne-sur-Mer, in which Tamaris is located; the French ministries of marine and public instruction; the French Association for the Advancement of Science; the Society of Friends of the University of Lyon; the founder, Professor Dubois; and numerous private donors. The laboratory also inherited the library, collections, and equipment of the earlier laboratory of Professors Fol and Barrois at Villefranche. The equipment for the laboratories was furnished by state funds.

The laboratory is an annex of the chair of physiology at the University of Lyon and is occupied by Professor Dubois from September to April, being closed during the warm season.

The station, with adjacent garden, lies on the Rue de la Sablettes, which runs along the water front from the steamer landing at Tamaris. It is readily reached by small steamers, which make hourly trips from the Quay de Cronstadt in Toulon to watering places along the Bay of Toulon. Tamaris lies on the northwest shore of the Rade de Lazaret, opening to the northeast into the Grande Rade du Toulon.

The building stands about 10 m. from the water front and 1.5 m. above high water. It is rectangular in form, with its long axis running north and south, and faces the east. It is a Moorish structure of two stories, built of masonry, elaborately ornamented and decorated, forming a prominent feature in the landscape of the picturesque shore.