located in the northern wall of the building at an elevation of 64 m. above sea level and 13 m. above the level of the aquarium room. This reservoir has a capacity of 18 cu. m., and is filled once daily by two hours pumping with the larger pump. The lead mains are carried up the cliff in runs of angle or channel iron which afford the necessary rigidity to carry their weight.

The third pump located below the subbasement on the side of the cliff is a horizontal plunger-pump of phosphor bronze of Japy-Belfort type. It is run by a 24-horsepower electric motor and has mains of 5 cm. lead pipe connected with a circular reservoir of reenforced concrete 5 m. in diameter and 2.5 m. high, with walls 8 cm. thick and a capacity of 50 cu. m. Water from the aquaria is received here and may be returned to the high-level reservoir if desired.

All the piping in the circulating system, originally of brass, has been changed to soft lead or brass lined with lead. The cocks and valves were of brass, but have been replaced by hard rubber. Mains are of 6 and 9 cm. diameter, laterals of 3.5 and 2.2 and terminals of 1.5 cm. Overflow pipes are of 3.5, 4.5, and 9 cm. and are provided with end and side plugs for cleaning out. The aquaria are supplied with overhead pipes discharging through glass or lead tubes carried to the bottom of the tank and are aerated by air admitted through the rubber connection joining the glass tube to the terminal cock. The outflow is carried off from the surface of the aquaria in three lead pipes set in the wall.

The field equipment of the museum includes a small steamer of 25 tons (gross), the Eider (Pl. XII, A). She is 16.5 m. in length, 3.6 m. wide, 4 m. deep, with draft aft of 1.5 m. She has a compound condensing engine of 50 horsepower, and can make 9 knots per hour. Her bunkers hold but 1,500 kilos of coal. She carries a crew of a captain, engineer, and two sailors and has four berths in the forecastle and four aft in the cabin. She is equipped with a 6-horsepower winch in the engine room amidships carrying 5,000 m. of 2 mm. galvanized steel sounding wire for hydrographical and plankton work and 3,000 fathoms of 8 mm. steel cable (not galvanized) for dredging. The breaking strain of the two are respectively 1,800 and 5,400 kilos. The boat carries a full equipment of tow nets, plankton nets, Nansen closing net, Richter reversing thermometers and Richard water bottle, as well as the usual dredges and trawls for bottom work.

The museum is only now entering upon its proper scientific functions and any account of its equipment is necessarily of a preliminary nature. There are at least five investigators' rooms available at present and tables for at least twelve persons, with possibilities of some increase in the number in the near future. The rooms are supplied with fresh and salt water, gas, electric light, and steam heat. There are large investigators' desks, tables with glazed lava tops,

aquarium stands (Pl. XI, A) with marble tops, on castors, with hose connections for the waste. These can be moved about into any desired light for experimental purposes.

The laboratories are provided with the common chemicals for biological, hydrographical, and physiological work and a general stock of biological and physiological glassware. There are also thermostats and paraffin baths and a Radaic microtome available for the use of investigators. Ample provision is made for all special needs of investigators when due notice is given in advance.

The chemical laboratory is equipped with Knudsen apparatus for salinity determinations as supplemented by Doctor Oxner for rapid analysis when large numbers of samples are to be examined. With the help of an assistant and these modifications of the apparatus, it is possible to determine thirty samples per hour. This laboratory is provided with water and electric motors, with ventilation hood, and large lava-topped work tables and a considerable quantity of general chemical apparatus.

The biological collections of the museum proper are displayed in rectangular containers of glass with polished fronts, and the objects are arranged upon sheets of white or colored opal glass. The collections illustrate primarily the fauna and flora of the Mediterranean and the territories in the Atlantic, especially about the Azores, the Gulf of Gascony and the Arctic Ocean explored by the ships of the Prince. The collection is not, however, limited to these fields, but in its scope includes all the fauna and flora of the sea, with special reference to that of the pelagic and abyssal areas. The exhibits are in part arranged systematically according to the relationships of the animals and in part in biological assemblages, typical of different regions or types of environment. Fully labeled anatomical preparations of many principal organisms or of special features of morphological or biological significance are also displayed. The collection is specially rich in cetaceans, cephalopods, and the life in the sea at great depths.

A most interesting and valuable feature of the exhibit is the unique collection of models, reliefs, charts, and photographs illustrative of the physics, chemistry, and geography of the sea, and of the ships and instruments employed in its investigation. The collection of oceanographic apparatus is unique in its completeness, including as it does examples or models of practically all known types from the beginning of the period of exploration to the present day.

In addition to the exhibition collection there is also a reserve collection of duplicate material and the beginning of a reference collection of carefully selected and fully named specimens for the use of students and specialists.

The library of the museum contains several thousand volumes dealing with marine biology and oceanography in the widest sense and is in receipt of a number of current periodicals. It is rich in the literature of scientific expeditions, of hydrography and of oceanography, and contains many reprints and separata arranged according to subject.

The museum at Monaco is superbly located in so far as purity of the water is concerned. The shores slope abruptly into deep water, and the promontory of Monaco juts out into the sea for several kilometers, so that the foot of the cliff upon which the building stands is washed with sea water relatively free from sewage contamination. The salinity is subject to very slight fluctuations (chlorine, 20.29 to 21.12). Surface temperatures range from 13° in February and March to 25° C. in August. Tides are slight, as elsewhere in the Mediterranean, with a maximum of 80 cm., affording little opportunity for tide pool or shore collecting. This, combined with the steep and rocky shores, reduces somewhat the opportunity for collecting the littoral fauna.

The sea bottom is varied, affording within a short distance of Monaco a wide range of environment. It slopes to a depth of 300 to 500 m. within a distance of 5 kilometers from shore. A few shallow dredging grounds are available in the neighborhood.

Researches dealing with the local environmental conditions, with the plankton and hydrographical data, and with the distribution of the local fauna are in course of publication or preparation by the staff of the museum. An account of the hydrographical conditions and plankton has been published by Nathanson (1909).

The museum at Monaco offers exceptional facilities for experimental work with living animals in aquaria, for research in hydrographical lines and on plankton problems, while its collections are exceptionally complete in material representing the pelagic and abyssal fauna. With expansion of its scientific staff commensurate with its material equipment it may easily take a leading place among institutions for oceanographic research.

THE PRINCESSE ALICE II.

The Prince of Monaco conducts each year a campaign of oceanographic research in his steam yacht, the Princesse Alice II. These campaigns are independent of the museum in support and management, though Doctor Richard, the director of the museum, is also "chef du laboratoire" of the vessel, and the material obtained in these campaigns enriches the collections of the museum.

The Princesse Alice II, the successor of the Hirondelle, a sailing yacht, and of the Princesse Alice I, was built in 1898 especially for the purposes of marine exploration, with the added comforts and