9 dead. Now as for me, I for a while was alive without law, but when 10 the commandment came, sin revived and I died. So I found

the commandment which was for life, to be for death. For sin 11 having got an advantage by the commandment, seduced me, 12 and by it slew me. So that the law is indeed holy, and the commandment is holy, just and good.

13 (J) Hath that then which is good been death to me?

(A) No, by no means. But sin, so that it appeared to be sin, continued working death for me by that which is good, so that sin appeared to be sin in the highest degree by the com14 mandment. For we know that the law is spiritual, but as for 15 me, I being carnal, am sold to sin. For what I am doing I do

not allow; for that which I approve, I do not perform; but what 16 I hate, that I do. Now if I do that which I do not approve, I

assent to the law that it is good: and it is now not I myself, 17 who do this, but sin which dwelleth in me. For I know that 18 in me, that is, in my flesh, good doth not dwell. For to will is

present with me, but the performance of what is good, I do 19 not find. For the good which I approve, I do not perform; but 20 evil which I disapprove, this I do. Now if I do that which

I myself disapprove; it is no more I myself who do it; but sin 21 which dwelleth in me. I find then this law for me, that when 22 I would do good, evil is close to me. For in the inner man I 23 am delighted with the law of God; but I perceive another law in

my members warring against the law of my mind and making 24 me a captive to the law of sin which is in my members.

Wretched man that I am! who will deliver me from this death25 ful body? I thank God that through Jesus Christ our Lord, (do I then myself with the mind serve the law of God, but with VIII. the flesh the law of sin?) there is then no condemnation now to them who are in Christ Jesus and who walk not after 2 the flesh, but after the spirit. For the law of the spirit of the life in Christ Jesus hath freed me from the law of sin and death; for 3 as it was out of the power of the law to do this, inasmuch as it was weak through the flesh, God having sent his own son in a likeness of sinful flesh, and to be a sin offering, hath condemned 4 this sin in the flesh, that the morality of the law might be con5 firmed by us who walk not after flesh, but after spirit: for they

who are followers of flesh have their minds bent on the things

of the flesh; but the followers of spirit, on the things of the 6 spirit. For the bent of the flesh is death; but the bent of the 7 spirit is life and peace. Because the bent of the flesh is enmi8 ty to God, (for it is not in subjection to the law of God, nor in

deed can be,) they therefore who are in a carnal state* can not 9 please God. But you are not in a carnal state, but in a spiritu10 al state,† if indeed the spirit of God dwelleth in you. But if

any one hath not the spirit of Christ, he is none of his. But if Christ be in you, the body indeed is dead because of sin, but 11 the spirit is alive, because of a justification; and if the spirit of him who raised up Jesus from the dead dwelleth in you, he who hath raised up the Christ from the dead will quicken even those dead bodies of yours by his spirit which dwelleth in you. 12 Therefore we, brethren, are not debtors to the flesh, that we 13 should live according to the flesh; for if you live according to

the flesh, you are dying; but if you by the spirit mortify the deeds of the body, you shall live. For as many as are led by 14 the spirit of God, are sons of God. For you have not received 15 a spirit of bondage again to fear; but you have received a spi16 rit of adoption, by which we cry, Abba, Father. This very spi17 rit beareth joint witness with our spirit that we are children of 18 God; and if children, then heirs; heirs indeed of God, and joint

heirs with Christ if we suffer with him so that with him we may also be glorified. For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be set against that glory which 19 is about to be revealed for us. For the earnest expectation of

mankind‡ is waiting for the manifestation of the children of 20 God. For to vanity this creation was subjected, not as a volun21 tary agent, but by him who subjected it to a hope that this ve

ry creation shall be freed from the slavery of this corruption, that it may enjoy the glorious liberty of the children of God. 22 For we know that this whole creation are groaning together, 23 and even till now are all in pain as a woman in travail. Nay, even they who have the first fruits of the spirit, even we our

Literally, in spirit.

*Literally, in flesh.. + Literally, the creation. By comparing Mark 16. 15. where it occurs, with Matt. 28. 19. I take it to mean mankind in general, Jews and Gentiles.

selves are groaning within ourselves, waiting for an adoption 24 -the redemption of this body of ours. For to this hope we

have escaped. Now hope which is attained,* is not hope; for 25 why should one hope for that which he enjoyeth. But if we hope

for what we do not enjoy, we wait for it with patience, and in 26 such a manner as the spirit joineth in helping our infirmities: for we do not know what we should pray for as we ought, but the spirit itself intercedeth for us with groans which can27 not be expressed in words. And he who searcheth the hearts knoweth the bent of the spirit, that it pleadeth for saints accord28 ing to the will of God. And we know that all things are working together for good to them who love God-to them who according to a previous purpose are now actually called.

29

For those whom he foreknew, even these he marked out beforehand to be of a form the same as that of the image of his 30 son,† that he might be a first born among many brethren. And those whom he marked out beforehand he actually called, and those whom he called, even these he acquitted, and those whom he acquitted even these he glorified.

31 What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, 32 who can be against us? He who spared not his own son but

delivered him up for us all, how will he not also with him 33 freely grant us all things? Who shall lodge an accusation 34 against them whom God hath chosen? God who acquitteth?

who is he who shall condemn? Christ who died? Rather indeed who is raised up, who is actually at the right hand of 35 God, and who maketh intercession for us? Who shall separate us from the love of the Christ? Shall tribulation or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? (As it is written,

36

37

"For thy sake we are killed all the day long,

And accounted as sheep for slaughter.‡"

We indeed in all these things are more than conquerors

Literally seen, a figure used in scripture for having or enjoying, See John 3. 36.

I apprehend that the apostle here alludes to the first creation of man, and particularly to Gen. 1. 26. Ps. 44. 22.

38 by means of him who hath loved us. For I am persuaded that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other created being shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.

IX. I speak the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience, with 2 a holy spirit, bearing joint witness for me that I have great 3 grief and incessant sorrow in my heart (for I even I myself wished the followers of Christ to be devoted to destruction,*) for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh, who are 4 Israelites, to whom belonged the adoption and the glory, and the covenants, and the civil government, and the religious 5 service, and the promises; whose ancestors were the patriarchs, and from whom, with regard to flesh, the Christ is [de6 scended] who is over all, God blessed forever. Amen. It is not however to be supposed that the word of God hath failed. 7 For with regard to all the descendants of Israel, they are not

Israel; nor are they all children, because they are of the race 8 of Abraham; but in Isaak a seed shall be called for thee. That is to say, It is not the children of the flesh who are the children of God; but the children of the promise are reckoned 9 for seed. For this is the word of the promise. "About this time twelve month I will come and Sarah shall have a son.t" 10 And not only so but the same was the case with Rebecca, when

she was with child of twins by one man, namely, our father Isaak. 11 For the children being not yet born, nor having done any thing good or evil that the purpose might rest on the choice of God, not in consideration of works, but of his call, it was

* Literally, I even I myself wished thefollowers of Christ to be an anathema. The word anathema means a person or thing devoted to destruction: and we find in the Septuagint, Lev. 27. 28, the very phrase used here viz. árásμx and denoting that the person or thing may be from among men or beasts, or part of one's possessions. So the apostle says that he himself wished some from the Christ, that is, some of the followers of the Christ to be an anathema, that is, devoted to destruction, and therefore he persecuted them. Gen. 18. 10, &c.

12 said to her, "The elder shall serve the younger." As it is 13 written "Jacob I have loved and Esau I have slighted.*"

14

(J) What then shall we say? Is there injustice with God?

15 (A) No by no means. For to Moses he saith, “I will have mercy on whomsoever I please to have mercy; and I will have compassion on whomsoever I please to compassi16 onate. Therefore it is not of him who willeth, nor of him 17 who runneth, but of God, who sheweth mercy. For the scripture saith to Pharaoh, "I have raised thee up for this purpose that by thee I may display my power; and that my name may be celebrated throughout all the earth.”

18

Well then, he sheweth mercy to whom he pleaseth, and hard19 eneth whom he pleaseth, wilt thou then say to me, Why doth 20 he yet find fault, for who hath resisted his will? But who art

thou, O man, who enterest into a dispute with God? Shall the thing formed say to him who formed it, Why hast thou 21 made me thus? Hath not the potter power over the clay to make, out of the same lump, one vessel for honour, and ano22 ther for dishonour? What if God willing to manifest his wrath and make known his power, did with much long suffering, bear with the vessels of wrath fitted for destruction, to the end 23 that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy which he had previously prepared for glory24 even us whom he hath called not only from among the Jews, 25 but also from among the Gentiles. As he actually saith by

Hosea, "I will call them my people who are not my people; 26 and I will call her beloved, who was not beloved. And it shall come to pass that in the place where it was said to them, You are not my people, they shall there be called children of the 27 living God." Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, "Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, 28 this remnant shall be saved." For he is closing an account and making a deduction with saving goodness. Because the Lord will make with the land a reckoning from which a deduction