Principles of Geology: Being an Inquiry how for the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface are Referrable to Causes Now in Operation, Том 2John Murray, 1835 |
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Стр. 42
... mountains . The number may hereafter be greatly augmented when the country has been more carefully examined , and throughout a longer period . How long an interval of rest may entitle us to consider a volcano as extinct , is not easily ...
... mountains . The number may hereafter be greatly augmented when the country has been more carefully examined , and throughout a longer period . How long an interval of rest may entitle us to consider a volcano as extinct , is not easily ...
Стр. 43
... mountain called L'Altar was once higher than Chimborazo , but in the reign of Ouainia Abomatha a prodigious eruption took place , which lasted eight years , and broke it down . Cotopaxi is the most lofty of all the South American ...
... mountain called L'Altar was once higher than Chimborazo , but in the reign of Ouainia Abomatha a prodigious eruption took place , which lasted eight years , and broke it down . Cotopaxi is the most lofty of all the South American ...
Стр. 44
... mountain . It is a perfect cone , usually covered with an enormous bed of snow , which has , however , been sometimes melted suddenly during an eruption ; as in Jan. 1803 , for example , when the snows were dissolved in one night ...
... mountain . It is a perfect cone , usually covered with an enormous bed of snow , which has , however , been sometimes melted suddenly during an eruption ; as in Jan. 1803 , for example , when the snows were dissolved in one night ...
Стр. 45
... mountains , having been filled up to the depth of many thousand feet , with various volcanic products . Five active ... mountain , in 1759 , will be described in the sequel . If the line which connects these five vents be prolonged , in ...
... mountains , having been filled up to the depth of many thousand feet , with various volcanic products . Five active ... mountain , in 1759 , will be described in the sequel . If the line which connects these five vents be prolonged , in ...
Стр. 46
... mountains of Colom- bia are perpetually convulsed . On the west , is the volcanic chain of Guatimala and Mexico , before traced out ; and on the east the West India isles , where , in St. Vincent's and Guadaloupe , are active vents ...
... mountains of Colom- bia are perpetually convulsed . On the west , is the volcanic chain of Guatimala and Mexico , before traced out ; and on the east the West India isles , where , in St. Vincent's and Guadaloupe , are active vents ...
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ancient animals appear augite basalt Calabria Campania causes century changes chasms cliffs coast cone considerable continued convulsions crater deep delta depth distance distinct district earth earthquakes ejected elevation eruption estuaries Etna fissures flowed fluid formed geological geologist globe Graham Island ground Gulf habits heat height Herculaneum hill hundred feet hybrid Iceland igneous inhabitants Ischia island isles lakes Lamarck land lapilli lava mass matter Mediterranean melted miles modern Monte Nuovo mountain nature observed ocean organization original period phenomena Phil plain plants Polistena Pompeii produced pumice Puzzuoli quadrupeds quantity races regions rents rise river rocks sand Santorin scoriæ seeds Serapis shells shocks shores Sicily side soil Solfatara species strata stream subsidence subterranean supposed surface temperature thousand feet thrown tides tion town trachyte tract Trans tuff valley vapour vegetable vents Vesuvius violent volcanic volcanic cones waves whole wild
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Стр. 403 - The intermixture of distinct species is guarded against by the aversion of the individuals composing them to sexual union, or by the sterility of the mule offspring. It does not appear that true hybrid races have ever been perpetuated for several generations, even by the assistance of man; for the cases usually cited relate to the crossing of mules with individuals of pure species, and not to the intermixture of hybrid with hybrid. 6thly. From the above considerations, it appears that species have...
Стр. 372 - ... inches. It was found that the greyhounds could not support the fatigues of a long chase in this attenuated atmosphere, and before they could come up with their prey, they lay down gasping for breath ; but these same animals have produced whelps which have grown up, and are not in the least degree incommoded by the want of density in the air, but run down the hares with as much ease as the fleetest of their race in this country.
Стр. 272 - Thy waters wasted them while they were free, And many a tyrant since ; their shores obey The stranger, slave, or savage ; their decay Has dried up realms to deserts : — not so thou, Unchangeable save to thy wild waves' play — Time writes no wrinkle on thy azure brow — Such as creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now.
Стр. 84 - The lava, at a small distance from its source, acquires a darker tint upon its surface, is less easily acted upon, and, as the stream widens, the surface, having lost its state of perfect solution, grows harder and harder, and cracks into innumerable fragments of very porous matter, to which they give the name of scoriae, and the appearance of which has led many to suppose that it proceeded thus from the mountain. There is, however, no truth in this. All lava, at its first exit from its native volcano,...
Стр. 190 - They described the undulation of the earth as resembling waves, increasing in elevation as they advanced, and when they had attained a -certain fearful height, the earth would burst, and vast volumes of water, and sand, and pit-coal were discharged, as high as the tops of the trees.
Стр. 69 - ... stature, resembling giants, appeared, sometimes on the mountain, and sometimes in the environs — that stones and smoke were thrown out, the sun was hidden, and then the giants seemed to rise again, while the sounds of trumpets were heard, &c. &c. ; and finally,' he relates, ' two entire cities, Herculaneum and Pompeii, were buried under showers of ashes, while all the people were sitting in the theatre.
Стр. 420 - The thorny spray is torn off, and fixes itself in his hairy coat, until brushed off again in other thickets and copses. Even on the spot where the victim is devoured many of the seeds which he had swallowed immediately before the chase may be left on the ground uninjured, and ready to spring up in a new soil.
Стр. 348 - Blumenbach judiciously observes, "that no general rule can be laid down for determining the distinctness of species, as there is no particular class of characters which can serve as a criterion.
Стр. 77 - The crater was five miles in circumference, and about a thousand paces deep ; its sides were covered with brushwood, and at the bottom there was a plain on which cattle grazed. In the woody parts, wild boars frequently harboured. In one part of the plain, covered with ashes, were three small pools, one filled with hot and bitter water, another salter than the sea, and a third hot, but tasteless.
Стр. 11 - Calcutta it sometimes occasions an instantaneous rise of five feet ; and both here, and in every other part of its track, the boats, on its approach, immediately quit the shore, and make for safety to the middle of the river. In the channels, between...