The First Cold Warrior: Harry Truman, Containment, and the Remaking of Liberal InternationalismUniversity Press of Kentucky, 26 мая 2006 г. - Всего страниц: 336 From the first days of his unexpected presidency in April 1945 through the landmark NSC 68 of 1950, Harry Truman was central to the formation of AmericaÕs grand strategy during the Cold War and the subsequent remaking of U.S. foreign policy. Others are frequently associated with the terminology of and responses to the perceived global Communist threat after the Second World War: Walter Lippmann popularized the term Òcold war,Ó and George F. Kennan first used the word ÒcontainmentÓ in a strategic sense. Although Kennan, Secretary of State Dean Acheson, and Secretary of Defense George C. Marshall have been seen as the most influential architects of American Cold War foreign policy, The First Cold Warrior draws on archives and other primary sources to demonstrate that Harry Truman was the key decision maker in the critical period between 1945 and 1950. In a significant reassessment of the thirty-third president and his political beliefs, Elizabeth Edwards Spalding contends that it was Truman himself who defined and articulated the theoretical underpinnings of containment. His practical leadership style was characterized by policies and institutions such as the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, NATO, the Berlin airlift, the Department of Defense, and the National Security Council. Part of TrumanÕs unique approachÑshaped by his religious faith and dedication to anti-communismÑwas to emphasize the importance of free peoples, democratic institutions, and sovereign nations. With these values, he fashioned a new liberal internationalism, distinct from both Woodrow WilsonÕs progressive internationalism and Franklin D. RooseveltÕs liberal pragmatism, which still shapes our politics. Truman deserves greater credit for understanding the challenges of his time and for being AmericaÕs first cold warrior. This reconsideration of TrumanÕs overlooked statesmanship provides a model for interpreting the international crises facing the United States in this new era of ideological conflict. |
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Стр. 6
... Europe , resonated with both realists and postrevisionists . While some have relied heavily on Kennan ( such as postrevisionist historian John Lewis Gaddis ) and others have drawn much from Wallace ( such as revisionist historians ...
... Europe , resonated with both realists and postrevisionists . While some have relied heavily on Kennan ( such as postrevisionist historian John Lewis Gaddis ) and others have drawn much from Wallace ( such as revisionist historians ...
Стр. 10
... European politics and wars derived from beliefs and customs other than those of the American experience, Truman held that the United States could not retreat from the world arena. In his estimation, World War I had been America's ...
... European politics and wars derived from beliefs and customs other than those of the American experience, Truman held that the United States could not retreat from the world arena. In his estimation, World War I had been America's ...
Стр. 17
... Europe since the Soviet victory at Stalingrad; by the end of March 1945, troubled by Soviet violations of the Yalta ... European Advisory Commission in 1944.26 It is a partial explanation to say that Truman was hampered by American ...
... Europe since the Soviet victory at Stalingrad; by the end of March 1945, troubled by Soviet violations of the Yalta ... European Advisory Commission in 1944.26 It is a partial explanation to say that Truman was hampered by American ...
Стр. 18
... Europe , showing that his attention was focused on the postwar picture and the part that economic well - being would play in reinvigorating the region's peoples and politics . In October 1945 , at a moment when many others wanted to ...
... Europe , showing that his attention was focused on the postwar picture and the part that economic well - being would play in reinvigorating the region's peoples and politics . In October 1945 , at a moment when many others wanted to ...
Стр. 22
... Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas , as well as the need to guard the rights of all nations , his accent was on the primacy of the great powers in international relations.51 While advancing what amounted rhetorically to a ...
... Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas , as well as the need to guard the rights of all nations , his accent was on the primacy of the great powers in international relations.51 While advancing what amounted rhetorically to a ...
Содержание
1 | |
9 | |
37 | |
61 | |
4 The Politics of the Marshall Plan | 81 |
5 Kennans Sources of Soviet Conduct | 103 |
6 The Beginning of the Atlantic Alliance | 129 |
7 The Purpose and Structure of National Security | 153 |
8 The Culmination of Trumans Containment | 177 |
9 History Faith and Peace in Trumans Thought | 199 |
Conclusion | 223 |
Notes | 233 |
Bibliography | 299 |
Index | 311 |
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The First Cold Warrior: Harry Truman, Containment, and the Remaking of ... Elizabeth Edwards Spalding Ограниченный просмотр - 2006 |
The First Cold Warrior: Harry Truman, Containment, and the Remaking of ... Elizabeth Edwards Spalding Просмотр фрагмента - 2006 |
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Acheson actions aggression April argued Berlin Bess Byrnes Churchill Churchill's Clifford memorandum Cold Cold War communism Communist Congress Dean Acheson defense democratic document economic Elsey Etzold and Gaddis European February Forrestal free world freedom FRUS Fulton address George Germany GFKP global Greece and Turkey Harry Truman Henry Wallace HSTL HSTP Ibid ideology Iran January John Lewis Gaddis Kennan Kremlin liberal internationalism Lippmann Long Telegram Longhand Notes File March Marshall Plan Memoirs ment military moral Moscow National Security Council Nitze North Atlantic peace Policy Planning Staff political thought postwar president president's Public Papers realist regime Roosevelt Russian secretary Senate September SGML Soviet Union speech Stalin Strategies of Containment strength threat tion totalitarian Truman Doctrine Truman's containment tyranny U.S. foreign policy United Nations University Press USSR Vandenberg Wallace Weekly Summary Excerpt Western Europe Wilson Wilsonian World War II wrote York
Популярные отрывки
Стр. 203 - For I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see, Saw the Vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be ; Saw the heavens fill with commerce, argosies of magic sails, Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales ; Heard the heavens fill with shouting, and there rain'da ghastly dew From the nations...
Стр. 154 - Council shall be to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security so as to enable the military services and the other departments and agencies of the Government to cooperate more effectively in matters involving the national security.
Стр. 20 - The fourth is freedom from fear, which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor anywhere in the world.
Стр. 11 - It is this happy fact, now clear to the view of every public man whose thoughts do not still linger in an age that is dead and gone, which makes it possible for every nation whose purposes are consistent with justice and the peace of the world to avow now or at any other time the objects it has in view.
Стр. 38 - From what I have seen of our Russian friends and Allies during the war, I am convinced that there is nothing they admire so much as strength, and there is nothing for which they have less respect than for weakness, especially military weakness.
Стр. 29 - There isn'ta doubt in my mind that Russia intends an invasion of Turkey and the seizure of the Black Sea Straits to the Mediterranean. Unless Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language another war is in the making. Only one language do they understand — "How many divisions have you?
Стр. 69 - One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.
Стр. 68 - We shall not realize our objectives, however, unless we are willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. This is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian regimes imposed upon free peoples, by direct or indirect aggression, undermine the foundations of international peace and hence the security of the United States.
Стр. 90 - Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. Its purpose should be the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist.
Стр. 141 - They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law.
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