CHAPTER IX.

LORD GEORGE wrote the next morning (Tuesday, March 31st) to a friend, who had not been able to attend the debate: "I look upon last night as the most awkward night the government have had yet; I believe they would have given their ears to have been beaten. We have now fairly set them and the tail at loggerheads, and I cannot see how they are to get another stage of either the tariff, or corn bill, before next Tuesday at any rate. I doubt if they will do anything before Easter."

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It was understood that the house would adjourn for the Easter recess on the 8th instant. were therefore only two nights remaining for government business before the holidays. On the first of these (Friday, April the 3rd), Mr. O'Connell had announced that he should state his views at length on the condition of Ireland and the causəs

of these agrarian outrages. Accordingly when the order of the day for resuming the adjourned debate was read, he rose at once to propose an amendment to the motion. He sate in an unusual place-in that generally occupied by the leader of the opposition, and spoke from the red box, convenient to him from the number of documents to which he had

to refer. His appearance was of great debility and the tones of his voice were very still. His words indeed only reached those who were immediately around him, and the ministers sitting on the other side of the green table, and listening with that interest and respectful attention which became the occasion.

It was a strange and touching spectacle to those who remembered the form of colossal energy and the clear and thrilling tones that had once startled, disturbed, and controlled, senates. Mr. O'Connell was on his legs for nearly two hours, assisted occasionally in the management of his documents by some devoted aid-de-camp. To the house generally it was a performance of dumb show, a feeble old man muttering before a table; but respect for the great parliamentary personage kept all as orderly as if the fortunes of a party hung upon his rhetoric; and though not an accent reached the gallery, means were taken that next morning the country should not lose the last and not the least interesting of the

speeches of one who had so long occupied and agitated the mind of nations.

This remarkable address was an abnegation of the whole policy of Mr. O'Connell's career. It proved by a mass of authentic evidence ranging over a long term of years, that Irish outrage was the consequence of physical misery, and that the social evils of that country could not be successfully encountered by political remedies. To complete the picture, it concluded with a panegyric of Ulster and a patriotic quotation from Lord Clare.

Lord John Russell who as an experienced parliamentary leader had already made more than one effort to extricate the whigs from the consequences of the hearty support given to the government measures in the other house by Lords Lansdowne and Clanricarde and even by Lord Grey, ventured to-night even to say that if he should agree that the house would do well to assent to the first reading of this bill, he thought he was bound to state also that in the future stages of it he should have objections to offer going to the foundations of some of its principal provisions."

His speech was curious, as perhaps the last considerable manifesto of whig delusion respecting Ireland. Coercion bills might be occasionally necessary; no doubt of it; Lord Grey had once a coercion bill, and Lord John Russell had voted for it; but then

remedial measures ought to be introduced with coercive ones: the evil should be repressed, but also cured. Thus, Lord Althorp, when the government introduced their great coercion bill, introduced also a measure which, besides making a great reform in the protestant church of Ireland, exempted the whole catholic community of Ireland from the payment of church cess which had previously been felt as a very great grievance. On another day Lord Althorp declared his intention of pressing through parliament a jury bill which had been brought into the house the previous session but which was allowed to drop in the house of lords.

Again, there was another declaration which Lord Althorp had made which, somehow or other, seemed to have been forgotten. It was a declaration with respect to the municipal corporations of Ireland. Lord Althorp said it was exceedingly desirable that the institutions of the two countries should be assimilated as much as possible; and that as a general rule the corporate bodies of Ireland should be the same as England. Mr. O'Connell had said on that occasion that there was no greater grievance in Ireland than the existence of corporations in their then shape. Lord John contrasted this language of Lord Althorp, "simple, plain, emphatic, and decided," with the language of the government of Sir Robert Peel; and held up to admiration the whig

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policy of 1833, certainly coercive, but with remedial measures, a measure for the abolition of church cess introduced ten days before the coercion bill and a promise of municipal reform made simultaneously with the proclamation of martial law. This was real statesmanship and touching the root of the evil. Whereas "Sir Robert Peel had only consented to passing the municipal bill in a crippled state, and only now (in 1846) promised, that the corporations of Ireland should be placed on the same footing as the corporations of England." Who could be surprised that such a policy should end in famine and pestilence?

The followers of Mr. O'Connell again succeeded in adjourning the debate until Monday the 6th. On that day Sir Robert Peel made "an earnest appeal" to extricate himself from the almost perilous position in which he found his administration suddenly involved. In case the division on the first reading of the Irish bill should not take place that night, he endeavoured to prevail on those members who had notices on the paper for the following night (Tuesday the 7th), the last night before the holidays, to relinquish their right and to permit the Irish debate to proceed and conclude. "He had no wish to interfere with the due discussion of the measure; but he believed that the Irish members, if they permitted the house to proceed with the corn bill, by con