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III.

GEOLOGICAL PAPERS.

1. "NOMENCLATURE OF KANSAS COAL-MEASURES EMPLOYED BY THE KANSAS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY."

By ERASMUS HAWORTH and JOHN BENNETT, University of Kansas, Lawrence. 2. "SUMMARY OF GLACIAL LITERATURE RELATING TO GLACIAL DEPOSITS." By ALBERT B. REAGAN, La Push, Wash.

3. "ANIMALS, REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF THE ROSEBUD INDIAN RESERVATION, SOUTH DAKOTA."

By ALBERT B. REAGAN, La Push, Wash.

4. "MY EXPEDITION TO THE KANSAS CHALK IN 1907."

By CHARLES H. STERNBERG, Lawrence.

5. "A FOSSIL TUSK, FOUND IN THE MCPHERSON EQUUS BEDS."

By EMIL O. DERE, Lindsborg.

THE NOMENCLATURE OF KANSAS COAL-MEASURES

EMPLOYED BY THE KANSAS STATE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

By ERASMUS HAWORTH and JOHN BENNETT, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

YEARS ago the Kansas State Geological Survey began a

systematic study of the detail stratigraphy of eastern Kansas. Largely because the existence of the Survey depended upon biennial appropriations, preliminary reports were made. Naturally such reports were somewhat defective. Geologists in the neighboring states, Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska, have taken up the matter in a way largely by criticism of Kansas, rather than by giving details of conditions in their own states, with the result that there is now in print, widely scattered through magazines, state and governmental reports, a comparatively extensive literature of the stratigraphy of the Kansas Coal-measures, practically all of which is partly correct and partly incorrect. This condition has been aggravated, wholly unintentionally, through the labors of the United States Geological Survey. This organization has surveyed the Iola quadrangle and Independence quadrangle. An error in stratigraphy was made and published regarding the southwest corner of the Iola quadrangle. Field-work on the Independence quadrangle was conducted and a preliminary report published before this error in the Iola quadrangle was detected, and as a result its influence caused errors to creep into the Independence sheet reports as well.

In the present paper, the stratigraphy of this part of the state is given in great detail, after years of continued work, and it is confidently believed we have finally succeeded in getting all matters straightened out, so that the presentation here offered is a complete and accurate exposition of positions and relations of all alternating beds of limestones and shales, with included sandstones from the bottom of the Lower Coal-measures up to the Burlingame limestone. Every individual limestone has been traced with greatest detail by a personal examination not only of every mile square, but by a geologist following it across every forty-acre tract of land from the north side of the state to the south. In some instances, where

difficulties were greatest, two or more geologists have spent weeks and months tracing such formations a distance of only a few miles.

CHEROKEE STAGE.

The Cherokee stage is not yet subdivided, being composed entirely of the Cherokee shales.

CHEROKEE SHALES.-The name Cherokee shales was given. by Haworth and Kirk in 1894 to a heavy bed of shales lying at the base of the Coal-measures in Kansas. The name was chosen on account of their prominence in Cherokee county, the southeastern county of the state.

MARMATON STAGE.*

The Marmaton stage is subdivided into eight parts, namely, the Fort Scott limestone, Labette shales, Pawnee limestone, Bandera shales, Altamont limestone, Dudley shales, Coffeyville limestone, Pleasanton shales.

FORT SCOTT LIMESTONE.-The name Fort Scott limestone is here applied to the two limestone beds occurring at Fort Scott, with about seven feet of shale between, which beds have been traced in detail both southwest and northeast to beyond the state line.

In 1894, Haworth and Kirk,' in a preliminary description along the Neosho river, named these rocks Oswego limestone, which name was retained in volumes I and III of the State Survey's reports. In his report on Kansas geology, in 1860, Swallow named the lower one Fort Scott cement rock. Since the first publication of the name Oswego, in 1894, it has been learned that the name was previously occupied by Prosser,* who used it in connection with a division of the Silurian in the state of New York. As the name Fort Scott is just as appropriate on account of the rocks being so well exposed in the environs of a city by that name, and partly on account of Swallow having proposed the name for the lower bed, the term is here adopted to replace the name Oswego, previously used by this Survey.

LABETTE SHALES. The name Labette shales is applied to a bed of shale lying immediately above the Fort Scott limestone.

1. Haworth & Kirk, Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. II, p. 105, Lawrence, 1894.

2. Haworth, Prof. E., Kan. Univ. Geol. Surv., vol. III, p. 92, Lawrence, 1898.

3. Haworth & Kirk, Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. II, p. 105, Lawrence, 1894.

4. Prosser, Prof. Chas. S., Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. IV, pp. 100, 108, 116, 1892.

5. Swallow, Prof. G. C., Geol. of Kan., p. 25, Lawrence, 1866.

6. Adams, Dr. Geo. I., Kan. Univ. Geol. Surv., vol. III, p. 36, Lawrence, 1898.

The term was first used by Adams while the manuscript of volume III was in preparation. Previously Haworth and Kirk' had suggested the name Laneville shales in their preliminary report on the geological section along the Neosho river.

PAWNEE LIMESTONE.-The name Pawnee limestone was given by Professor Swallow to the limestone first overlying the Labette shales, largely developed along Pawnee creek, in Bourbon county.

BANDERA SHALES.-The name Bandera shales is here applied to the shale-bed lying above the Pawnee limestone and below the Altamont. It was at one time called the Lower Pleasanton shales, but, as will be explained farther on, this nomenclature was dropped.

ALTAMONT LIMESTONE."-The name Altamont limestone is here applied to the limestone at Altamont, the schoolhouse at that place being built immediately on top of it. This name was first used by Adams in volume I of this series of reports. It is also described by Bennett" in volume I, being spoken of as the "eight-foot system" lying within the Pleasanton shales, showing that it is sufficiently persistent to be recognized at that time as dividing the Pleasanton shales.

Later Adams" withdrew the name Altamont and substituted the name Parsons for the same formation. In his later description he speaks of it as consisting of two members. Subsequent work by this Survey has shown conclusively that he was in error and that the upper limestone is one so prominent at Coffeyville, which is designated as the Coffeyville limestone. Why he should have changed the name from Altamont to Parsons with no apparent reason is entirely unknown. As Altamont has already appeared in volume I of our geological reports, of course we are under the necessity of retaining the name, and this is particularly desirable on account of its eminent appropriateness.

WALNUT SHALES.-The name Dudley shales was applied by Adams to a bed of shales described as follows: "The name Dudley shales is here applied to the beds occupying the interval

7. Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. II, p. 108, Lawrence, 1896.

8. Swallow, Prof. G. C., Geol. of Kan., p. 24, § 203, Lawrence, 1866. 9. Adams, Dr. Geo. I., U. S. G. S. Bull. 211, Washington, 1903. 10. Adams, Dr. Geo. I., Kan. Univ. Geol. Surv., vol. I, p. 22, Lawrence. 11. Bennett, Rev. John, Kan. Geol. Surv., vol. I, p. 94, Lawrence, 1896. 12. Adams, Dr. Geo. I., U. S. G. S. Bull. 211, p. 33, Washington, 1903. 13. Adams, Dr. Geo. I., U. S. G. S. Bull. 211, p. 34; also Bull. 238, p. 17, Washington, 1903.

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