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and obligated to take part in the widows' institute, etc., in so far as they may not have been assigned or shall not hereafter be assigned to the Widows' Institute for Preachers and School-teachers.

Excluded from this widows' institute, therefore, are:

1. All those who are appointed without service income or who are only by way of commission or transitorily intrusted with the administration of an office;

2. The so-called workmen (hof ouvriers);

3. The artists accepted by the grand ducal court administration with fixed salary, but who have not received an actual appointment signed by the sovereign; and

4. All noncommissioned officers.

§ 7. The permanently appointed servants, with a fixed service income, of the members of the grand ducal family shall occupy the same position with government officials with reference to participation in the widows' institute. How

ever

1. The attendants of the princesses of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who are married abroad are excluded from the widows' institute; and

2. Of the attendants of the princes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who reside chiefly abroad, only those are entitled and obligated to entrance into the widows' institute who are subjects of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. § 8. Furthermore, those members and subalterns of offices not belonging wholly to the home government of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who received their appointment not from His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of MecklenburgSchwerin or from one of his subordinate offices are entitled and obligated to participation in the widows' institute in so far as their admission has been or shall be ordered by special governmental decree.

§ 9. The admission into the widows' institute shall be made on a definite widows' pension, which shall be insured to the widows of the admitted members. The amounts of the widows' pensions are fixed by the classification table in Appendix A. The admission under this classification table shall depend only on the service income personally allowed to each individual official without regard to other receipts eventually connected with the position.

Consequently, whenever a member is promoted to a higher service income, connected according to the classification table with a widow's pension higher than the one on which he had heretofore been admitted, a renewed, correspondingly higher admission shall take place.

Similarly, if an official after his admission is reduced to a salary with which the classification table connects a lower widow's pension a renewed reception on this lower widow's pension shall be made, unless the member of the institute shall declare expressly, before the administration (directory) shall have ordered the change of reception, that he wishes to keep the widow's pension heretofore insured.

§ 10. Receptions on widows' pensions other than those fixed in the classification table according to service income shall be wholly excluded, with the single exception that those officials who, according to the classification table, are entitled to a widow's pension of only 30 thalers, may be admitted on a widow's pension of 50 thalers if they request this of the administration (directory) of the widows' institute before their reception shall have been ordered.

§ 11. In the service income for the purpose of reception in the widows' institute shall be included all receipts which are allowed him as salary with the office to which he has been appointed by the government or under §§ 7 and 8. If an official shall be appointed to several such offices, the aggregate income from them shall be computed.

Moreover, it shall make no difference whether the income shall consist of cash salary, emoluments in kind, or fees. Emoluments in kind and fees shall be computed in the amount in which they shall have been computed in the salary of the official, and in cases in which this is not feasible, according to the average yield of the last five years or in accordance with a fair estimate.

On the other hand, in determining the service income for admission to the widows' institute, there shall not be counted compensation for the administration of an office conferred only provisionally or for a fixed time representation pay, compensation for official expenses, remunerations and rewards for special services, gratifications and increments of salary for a previously limited time.

The scale in Appendix A of the decree of March 10, 1886 (see below, p. 240), has taken the place of this Appendix A.

§ 12. For the computation and determination of the service income the office shall be competent by which the appointment of the respective official is made or which shall be ordered thereto by special decree.

In cases of reception under $ 8, however, the grand ducal ministry placed over the bureau to which the respective member belongs shall determine the service income.

§ 13. The administration (directory) of the widows' institute, if it should have doubts as to the reported determination of the service income, may request further investigation by the respective bureau as well as eventually by the office placed over this.

The officials, too, who may consider themselves injured by the reported determination of their service income for reception in the widows' institute shall within the first four weeks after receiving the certificate of admission, be entitled to appeal, eventually to complaint, before the eventual higher authority. § 14. Reception into the widows' institute, as well as later renewed receptions due to increase or decrease of salary, shall be ordered immediately after appointment or increase or decrease of salary, respectively, and for the beginning of the Easter, summer, fall, or Christmas quarters.

§ 15. The authorities charged with the computation and determination of the service income (§ 12) shall report without delay to the administration (directory) of the widows' institute each permanent new appointment under its control stating the established service income, as well as every change of income, for the purpose of statutory reception. Similarly, every change of service and residence of the members of the institute, as well as every eventual retirement and every dismissal and discharge, shall be reported.

The officials, too, who are obligated to entrance in the widows' institute or who, because of increase of salary, are to be received again, shall be obligedif they have not received notice of their, respectively renewed, reception within the first three months after their appointment or increase of salary-to give notice within the next three months.

§ 16. Concerning the accomplished reception into the widows' institute, as well as concerning each subsequent renewed reception, the members of the institute shall receive a certificate of reception of the form in Appendix B.

A printed copy of these statutes shall be inclosed with the certificate of reception to be issued on reception into the widows' institute.

$ 17. Members of the widows' institute shall not be allowed to withdraw of their free will from the widows' institute as long as they shall be in the service of the state or in a service which fits them for reception under §§ 7 and 8 of these statutes.

$ 18. Officials who shall be retired with pension

1. Shall continue as members of the widows' institute if and as long as they shall be married, according to their free choice, to be made within six weeks after their retirement, on the widows' pension insured to them up to their retirement or on a widow's pension corresponding with the amount of their service pension according to the classification table. 2. Members of the institute who at the time of their retirement shall be unmarried may at their choice withdraw from the widows' institute or continue therein, but only on a widow's pension corresponding with their service pension.

3. Similarly, members of the institute who were married at the time of their retirement, but who subsequently shall have lost the wife by death or divorce, shall be at liberty to withdraw from the widows' institute. They may continue as members, but only on a widow's pension corresponding with their service pension.

4. Moreover, pensioned members of the institute who shall be married after their retirement shall notify the administration (directory) of the widows' institute within six weeks of their marriage, with submission of the certificate of birth of the wife.

19. The members of the widows' institute who withdraw from the service voluntarily and without pension may preserve their connection with the widows' institute in the interest of their wives and during the life of the latter, respectively, until eventual divorce; but they shall notify the administration (directory) of the widows' institute of their intention in this respect within six weeks. § 20. Members of the widows' institute who are deprived of their office or dismissed on account of crimes committed by them, on account of misdemeanor of service, or for any other reason, shall thereby also be separated from the institute. Only if they shall have been in the service for at least ten years and shall

be married, and if their wives shall have had no part in the crime or misdemeanor that caused the dismissal or discharge, they shall be at liberty to continue in the widows' institute for the benefit of their wives and for the lifetime of the latter, respectively, until eventual divorce. However, they shall be obliged to give notice of their continuance to the administration (directory) of the widows' institute within six weeks after their dismissal or discharge.

§ 21. Members of the institute who shall enter foreign service shall thereby be immediately separated from the widows' institute, even though they may continue to draw a service pension from their service in Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

The same shall apply to the attendants of a prince of Mecklenburg who may have his chief residence abroad, and who (the attendants) may become subjects of a foreign government.

§ 22. The administration (directory) of the widows' institute shall have the authority to exclude from the institute:

1. Members of the institute who shall have remained in arrear with the payments due from them to the widows' institute for a year, and from whom the arrearages can not be collected in the ways to be subsequently provided in these statutes; and

2. Members of the institute who shall have removed from their residence and after removal shall have failed to notify the administration (directory) of the widows' institute of their residence as soon as the competent service bureau shall have withdrawn their salary.

§ 23. Former members of the institute who shall have withdrawn from the widows' institute under §§ 18 to 21, or shall have been excluded therefrom under § 22, shall be received again as soon as they shall enter again some official relation which entitles or obligates to participation in the widows' institute, and (shall be received) on a widow's pension corresponding with their service income.

Members of the institute who were excluded on account of absence (§ 22, No. 2) shall be received again at their request, even when not returning into an official relation, if they were absent against their will.

THIRD SECTION: PAYMENTS OF MEMBERS TO THE INSTITUTE.

$ 24. The members of the institute shall pay to the widows' institute

1. A certificate fee for reception into the institute;

2. An entrance fee; and

3. A yearly contribution to the widows' fund.

§ 25. The certificate fee shall be assessed on issue of the certificate of reception at one thaler for each one hundred of the insured widow's pension, with subsequent renewed receptions, however, only on the amount of increase in the widow's pension.

§ 26. As entrance fee the contribution to the widows' fund for half a year shall be paid also on receipt (issue) of the certificate of reception.

For renewed receptions entrance fee shall be paid only on the amount of increase in the widow's pension.

§ 27. Members of the institute who had been separated from the widows' institute shall, on readmission, and in so far as they may be obligated to pay arrearage of contributions to the widows' fund, pay the certificate fee and the entrance fee only on the eventual increase in the amount of the widow's pension, but otherwise the full certificate fee and the full entrance fee.

§ 28. Institute members who shall be transferred from the Widows' Institute for Preachers and School Teachers to the Widows' Institute for Civil and Military Officials shall on reception into the latter be credited with the amount of entrance money paid to the former.

§ 29. The amount of the yearly contribution to the widows' fund has been fixed in the classification table appended to § 9, above, at 16 per cent of the insured widow's pension.

§ 30. Institute members who after their retirement with pension shall marry a woman younger by fifteen or more years shall pay, beginning with the quarter in which they were married, a contribution to the widows' fund of 32 per cent of the widow's pension insured by them.

§ 31. (Treats of the contributions to the widows' fund and the entrance fees of unmarried officers and military officials down to the rank of a first lieutenant.) § 32. Institute members who shall have withdrawn with pension from the service and also from the widows' institute shall, on their reentrance of the service, pay the contribution to the widows' fund corresponding with their pen

sion for the time from their withdrawal from the widows' institute to the quarter year when they reentered, with compound interest at 4 per cent.

§ 33. The contributions to the widows' fund shall be paid in quarterly installments, in advance, from the day on which the reception of the individual member is fixed in the certificate of reception to the end of the quarter year in which the institute member shall have withdrawn, or, if not previously withdrawn, has died; in these cases, however, in which the widow and children or the heirs of the deceased institute member are entitled to or allowed a gratuity period until the end of such period.

§ 34. The statutory certificate fees, entrance fees, and contributions to the widows' fund shall, without exception, belong to the widows' institute after payment and shall never be returned, nor shall they be remitted under any circumstances to those who owe them wholly or in part, even by Government decree. The same applies to the arrearage payments under §§ 31 and 32.

FOURTH SECTION: WIDOWS' PENSIONS AND THEIR COLLECTION.

§ 35. The widows' pensions insured for the institute members shall be paid only and exclusively to the widows to whom these members were married until their death.

The widow entitled to pension shall receive the widow's pension insured to her husband at his death.

But also in the event that an official entitled to participation in the widows' institute had not been received, or not received a higher rate, his widow shall be awarded the widow's pension which would have had to be insured for her deceased husband on payment of the fees which he would have had to pay on his reception in the widows' institute, or on his reception at a higher rate, until his death, provided that between 'the beginning of his title to reception and his death not more than six months shall have elapsed.

§ 36. The widow of an institute member who died within a year after conclusion of marriage shall have claim to the payment of the widow's pension only if she can show by the certificate of a physician that her husband at the time of his marriage did not suffer from a disease, ailment, or other bodily weakness in general which presaged his early death.

§ 37. The widow entitled to payment shall, within the quarter in which her husband died, prove to the administration (directory) of the widows' institute the death of said husband, on returning the last certificate of reception issued to him, by a certificate of death, and shall produce on request an official certificate (showing) that she was married to the deceased until his death.

Furthermore, if the deceased institute member had taken up his residence in a foreign country, or if he stood in the service of a prince of MecklenburgSchwerin, residing essentially abroad, it shall be proved on request by a certificate of the government of his last residence that he had not entered foreign service, respectively that he had not become a foreign subject.

§ 38. Widows who did not already live abroad at the death of the husband whom his official position compelled to reside abroad, and who only after the beginning of their widowhood take up their residence abroad, or who—if the husband of his own free will resided abroad-retain such residence, shall lose their claim to the widow's pension otherwise due them for the time of their residence abroad.

Nevertheless, in the presence of cogent reasons, the payment of the widow's pension into foreign parts may be awarded exceptionally under government dispensation, according to decision against a deduction therefrom up to 25 per cent. § 39. The payment of the widow's pension shall begin with the end of the quarter-respectively, in case of monthly payment of salary, of the month-in which the death of the institute member occurred, and shall be paid in quarterly installments at the beginning of the Easter, summer, fall, and Christmas quarters in advance. In the event, however, that the widow of the deceased, whether alone or together with the children and other heirs of her deceased husband, is entitled to or has awarded to her a gratuity period, [payment shall begin with the end of that period. However, eventual arrears of contributions to the widows' fund shall first be deducted under decision of the administration (directory) of the widows' institute.

§ 40. The widow's pension shall be paid only to the widow entitled to payment, or to her curator or special attorney, or, in the event that a pension already due at her death should not have been collected, to her heirs, to be regularly legitimized, or to their special attorney.

Assignments, cessions, attachment, and seizures of widows' pensions are wholly inadmissible and not to be considered.

§ 41. For the purpose of collecting the installment of her widow's pension, the widow entitled thereto shall submit at the beginning of each quarter for the fund of the widows' institute a receipt drawn by her own hands, after the form in Appendix C.

The receipt shall not be signed before the first day of the quarter for which it is drawn and shall contain under the signature of the widow who has drawn it the certificate of the local magistracy or the local preacher that she lives at the respective place in widowhood.

§ 42. The claim to widow's pension shall cease

1. With the death of the widow;

2. Unconditionally and forever with her marriage to another husband; so that the last payment shall be made for the quarter in which she shall have died or shall have remarried.

§ 43. The widow's pension shall be forever withdrawn—

1. If the widow shall have been legally convicted by court of the crime of intentionally killing her husband or of complicity in such crime; 2. Under decision and judgment of the administration (directory) of the widows' institute if, in the certificates and receipts to be statutorily submitted for collection of the widow's pension, false statements shall have been made by the widow herself, or with her knowledge, for the purpose of surreptitiously obtaining the payment of the widow's pension.

FIFTH SECTION: THE DIRECTORY AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE WIDOWS' INSTITUTE.

§ 44. The widows' institute shall have its own directory of at least three and at most five members, of whom the oldest member shall always occupy the chair.

The members of the directory shall be appointed by the sovereign from the higher administrative boards in Schwerin, and shall be placed under oath at their installment therein.

In so far as the legal affairs of the widows' institute are concerned, these (members) are released from the obligations by which they are otherwise bound to the sovereign.

They shall perform their duties without pay.

§ 45. The directory shall have the independent administration of the widows' institute in its entire compass and under the provisions of these statutes, yet under the supervision of the sovereign.

Especially there belongs to the duties of the directory the care for the regular administration and computation of the widows' institute fund, established for the collection of all revenues and for the payment of all expenses of the widows' institute.

§ 46. The computer for the administration of the widows' institute fund and the required employees for the duties of secretaryship, registry, and subordinate matters shall be appointed under the directory and upon its nomination by the sovereign through the grand ducal ministry placed over the directory.

The computer and the remaining subalterns shall receive a suitable salary from the widows' institute fund, to be fixed by the sovereign.

The computer who, like the other appointed subalterns, shall be put under oath, shall furnish cash security, the amount of which shall be fixed by the authorized grand ducal ministry.

$ 47. The computer shall administer and compute the institute fund under the provisions of the law concerning the administration of public funds and in accordance with instructions to be given him by the directory; therefore he shall collect all revenues and pay all expenses of the institute, also submit annually to the directory a formal account and at the same time a complete survey of the condition of the property and fund of the widows' institute.

This survey of the property and fund shall be submitted by the directory to the authorized grand ducal ministry and upon order of the latter published in print.

§ 48. Investments of capital and loans for the widows' institute shall be made by the computer only under order and approval of the directory.

The securities concerning invested capitals shall be submitted by him to the directory and by this to the authorized grand ducal ministry, which shall issue a certificate as to their receipt.

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