therewith, or perform any act tending to impair, subvert, or resist the supreme authority of the government of the United States. The Constitution of the United States confers full power on the Federal Government to maintain and perpetuate its existence, and whensoever any portion of the States, or people thereof, attempt to secede from the Federal Union, or forcibly resist the execution of its laws, the Federal Government may, by warrant of the Constitution, employ armed force in compelling obedience to its authority.

Sec. 3. The right of trial by jury shall be secured to all, and remain inviolate forever; but a jury trial may be waived by the parties in all civil cases, in the manner to be prescribed by law; and in civil cases, if three-fourths of the jurors agree upon a verdict, it shall stand and have the same force and effect as a verdict by the whole jury: Provided, The Legislature, by a law passed by a two-thirds vote of all the members elected to each branch thereof, may require a unanimous verdict, notwithstanding this provision.

Sec. 4. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed in this State; and no person shall be rendered incompetent to be a witness on account of his opinions on matters of his religious belief; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of this State.

Sec. 5. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require its suspension.

Sec. 6. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed; nor shall cruel or unusual punishments be inflicted; nor shall witnesses be unreasonably detained.

Sec. 7. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties; unless, for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or the presumption great.

Sec. 8. No person shall be tried for a capital or other infamous crime (except in cases of impeachment, and in cases of the militia when in actual service, and the land and naval forces in time of war, or which this State may keep, with the consent of Congress, in time of peace, and in cases of petit larceny, under the regulations of the Legislature), except on pre

sentiment or indictment of a grand jury, and in any trial, in any court whatever, the party accused shall be allowed to appear and defend in person, and with counsel, as in civil actions. No person shall be subject to be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense; nor shall he be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation having been first taken or secured, except in cases of war, riot, fire, or great public peril, in which case compensation shall be afterward made.

Sec. 9. Every citizen may freely speak, write, and publish his sentiment on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and no law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. In all criminal prosecutions, and civil actions for libels, the truth may be given in evidence to the jury, and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published with good motives, and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted or exonerated.

Sec. 10. The people shall have the right freely to assemble together to consult for the common good, to instruct their representatives, and to petition the Legislature for redress or griev

ances.

Sec. 11. The military shall be subordinate to the civil power. No standing army shall be maintained by this State in time of peace, and in time of war no appropriation for a standing army shall be for a longer time than two years.

Sec. 12. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, except in the manner to be prescribed by law.

Sec. 13. Representation shall be apportioned according to population.

Sec. 14. The privilege of the debtor to enjoy the necessary comforts of life shall be recognized by wholesome laws, exempting a reasonable amount of property from seizure or sale for payment of any debts or liabilities hereafter contracted; and there shall be no imprisonment for debt, except in cases of fraud, libel, or slander, and no person shall be imprisoned for a militia fine in time of peace.

Sec. 15. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, shall ever be passed.

Sec. 16. Foreigners who are, or who may hereafter become, bona fide residents of this State shall enjoy the same rights in respect to the possession, enjoyment and inheritance of property as native born citizens.

Sec. 17. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this State.

Sec. 18. The right of the people to be secure in their per sons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable seizures and searches, shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue but on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place or places to be searched, and the person or persons, and thing or things to be seized.

Sec. 19. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, or giving them aid and comfort; and no person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses of the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

Sec. 20. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people.

ARTICLE II.

Right of Suffrage.

Section 1. Every male citizen of the United States (not laboring under the disabilities named in this Constitution), of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, who shall have actually and not constructively, resided in the State six months, and in the district or county thirty days next preceding any election, shall be entitled to vote for all officers that now are or hereafter may be elected by the people, and upon all questions submitted to the electors at such election: Provided, That no person who has been or may be convicted of treason or felony in any State or Territory of the United States, unless restored to civil rights; and no person who, after arriving at the age of eighteen years, shall have voluntary borne arms against the United States, or held civil or military office under the so-called Confederate States, or either of them, unless an amnesty be granted to such by the Federal Government; and no idiot or insane person shall be entitled to the privilege of an elector.

Sec. 2. For the purpose of voting, no person shall be deemed to have gained or lost a residence by reason of his presence or absence while employed in the service of the United States, nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of the United States, or of the high seas; nor while a student of any seminary of learning; nor while kept at any alms-house or other asylum, at public expense; nor while confined in any public prison.

Sec. 3. The right of suffrage shall be enjoyed by all persons otherwise entitled to the same, who may be in the military or naval service of the United States: Provided, The votes so cast shall be made to apply to the county and township of which said voters were bona fide residents at the time of their enlistment; and, provided further, That the payment of a poll tax or a registration of such voters shall not be required as a condition to the right of voting. Provision shall be made by law regulating the manner of voting, holding elections, and making returns of such elections, wherein other provisions are not contained in this Constitution.

Sec. 4. During the day on which any general election shall be held in this State, no qualified elector shall be arrested by virtue of any civil process.

Sec. 5. All elections by the people shall be by ballot, and all elections by the Legislature, of either branch thereof, shall be by viva voce.

Sec. 6. Provision shall be made by law for the registration of the names of the electors within the counties of which they may be residents, and for the ascertainment, by proper proofs, of the persons who shall be entitled to the right of suffrage, as hereby established, to preserve the purity of elections and to regulate the manner of holding and making returns of the same; and the Legislature shall have power to prescribe by law any other or further rules or oaths as may be deemed necessary, as a test of electoral qualifications.

Sec. 7. The Legislature shall provide by law for the payment of an annual poll tax of not less than two nor exceeding four dollars from each male person resident in the State, between the ages of twenty-one and sixty years (uncivilized American Indians excepted), one-half to be applied for State, and one-half for county purposes; and the Legislature may, in its discretion, make such payment a condition to the right of voting.

Sec. 8. All persons qualified by law to vote for Representatives to the General Assembly of the Territory of Nevada on the twenty-first day of March, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and all other persons who may be lawful voters in said Territory on the first Wednesday of September next following, shall be entitled to vote directly upon the question of adopting or rejecting this Constitution.

ARTICLE III.

Distribution of Powers.

Section 1. The powers of the government of the State of Nevada shall be divided into three separate departments-the legislative, the executive and the judicial; and no person charged with the exercise of powers properly belonging to one of these departments shall exercise any functions appertaining to either of the others, except in the cases herein expressly directed or permitted.

ARTICLE IV.
Legislative Department

Section 1. The legislative authority of this State shall be vested in a Senate and Assembly, which shall be designated "The Legislature of the State of Nevada," and the sessions of such Legislature shall be held at the seat of government of the State.

Sec. 2. The sessions of the Legislature shall be biennial, and shall commence on the third Monday of January next ensuing the election of members of the Assembly, unless the Governor of the State shall, in the interim, convene the Legislature by proclamation.

Sec. 3. The Members of the Assembly shall be chosen biennially, by the qualified electors of their respective districts, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, and their term of office shall be two years from the day next after their election.

Sec. 4. Senators shall be chosen at the same time and places as Members of the Assembly, by the qualified electors of their respective districts, and their term of office shall be four years from the day next after their election.

Sec. 5. Senators and Members of the Assembly, shall be duly qualified electors in the respective counties and districts which they represent. and the number of Senators shall not be less