military caring acadcy, tros de he gudanted to detection in 18. Drated into che Red Army, he saw his first military action in 1930 against the Japenece, and his back was injured in a grande caplosion. He was injured twice more in battle against the Germans After the war, Grigortako jatund the staff of the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow; in 1940. he was appointed deputy chairman of the de partment of scienunc ro search and then, in 1866, ctmir. men of the department of cybernedes. Meanwhile he we wanting the degree of Meer of Mitary Science In 1900, Grigorenko achieved buls bighest military rank, major general. By the end of his military arter five years later, he was the author of more than ardiciles in millmary schueca, most of them chanted ponsored oradona, include ing the Order of Landn, two Orders of the Red Beaner, the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Second World War, well as seven military budak Grigorelo's tre marriage 1922 ended in divorce is mos leer. Therwe soos troca live in the Soviet Union. Alles second marriage to his current site, Zinaida, resulted in the birch of an au, Andred, who coas tad to the United States veral years ago The Digsident Grigorate had some small with Soviet suchords be protected for campia, menace of and Sexnidiam beles rocedury beste bates cingh ruutted he dattvered in 196 delegate to a per endo la Moses che danceruter He Our answer in all cas yo era to the point of uilting in the direction of Nanding lines, and even at the risk of harraing Grigorento would have to alter our usual hierarchy of values, placing our duty to our protection and to the project above our duty to the patient; and we keer that we would have to tale steps that would demonstrate - to Grigoronico, to others and to ourselves that we had done so. Before anything horm ever, we would have to obtain troca Grigorenko, in advanca, his informod consent. We aplained to him what we had in mind, and what the potencial dangers were for him, stna we were insisting not only to la cunca, they agreed at ferred to a lower part in the There, Grigoraro founded a Unable to obtain any post dae in his own field, having house bis officer's pension be forced to find work, at age 58 as a porter and longshora mon. He seat protest letters to Prime Minister Kosypia Pravda and the K.G.B.; be openly complained about the home of his position and have the and he publicly demonstrated against the trials of prominent did , in response to an ap a Windos. However, la an transterred across the In 1974 be was released, and reased his dissident acelet den. In 1977, be received the sz-month visa to visit his son In New York, where he said he could obtain medical treat Beat that was unavailable to batera at home. Three months later, the Supreme Soviet med a decree, signed by Leo wid Bruchner, ruvolding has ctttanaship. and Griporento announced that bewus sosting usytum in the United States. en it in ag wledond our Inge med accepted our cond place approval. An raid, bo bed noth He dar boled the propered a decu toprao's signe embodied theo document The Re examination forecall any don bedown und Gnt the usual mudah cal cuts and obligation and there in estuct, we had pro creded under conditions of ach van cantorahip. Grigorenko ed the documdat in Rudan and send it with, he said, no The Man Pyotr Gripertoricha Grigo renkoo was born in 1997 to a Runninn Orthodou pensan family in the Ukraine. Hla mother died of typhus when he wa 2. His father remarried to 1912, but the new vile abas doned the household wichten your, soon after the father was called up to serve to World Vurl. Grigorunt vu the tree in. bella village to join the Commu Youth League. Al the an of IS, bo want to the city of Do netek, where he found work as a hocketmith and machinist and comnimod ble schooling at mighe; at age 20, be joined the Commune Party. And it was the party thank so him to a of Hades del In order to avaluate Grigo asked of Grigornico touched upon almost every dimension of his life, including his family, his earty memories, his sexual, intellectual and moral develop ment, his ideas, his impulses, his expectations, his feelings and the nature of his personal relationships. Inevitably, we paid particular attention to his poutical ideas and to the motinations for his dissident acts. All of the interviews were ar. ned out through an interpreter, and all were recorded, two on videotape. The Patient To commision of forensic 'paychiatruts, boch from the Serbuky Institute in Moscow, had recommended that Grigo radio be committed. Their fadings ware virtually ident in addition, in order to inves cigate in depth show areas of . poychopathology cited in the Soviet reports, three special Quminations formad. all by consultants from the Harvard Medical School. A three-hour bactery of poychological tests was auch ministered by Irene P. Suver. including the kinds of interpre tive, projective tests (such as the Rorschach ink blor" test) that could reveal the presence of paranoid sims. And the question of an arteriosclerode brain condition affecting Grigoronko's thinking, also noved in the Soviet diagnostic reporta, investigated through a neurological cam mation by Norman Geschwind and an eight-hour battery of maropaychological tests by Barbara P. Janu. Finally, we subrnicted video maped interviews to the state of the Blometries Research De partment at the New Yort State Psychiatric lascian Using the information on the tapea, the mornbers of the staff attempted to determine whether Grigorenko satistied chotr research criterte for a diagnosts of prental illness pestor present Gripormalno dou net reed a speak English. Dr. Boris Zow bok, who was in the midst of a poychiatric rtaideacy u Columbia after having at prated from the Soviet Union ia 1973), kope Grigorendo io formed of our procedures, ad Viend w on special aspects of Soviet diagnostic definitions and provided us, as well as our cooteots, with translations during all examination. Iron cally, Dr. Zoubok had roostved part of his medical training in Moscow under the very sume Dr. Snezhnevsky who had urged that Grigorenko bora | camined. For all his apor. tise, however, we were con cerned that, as an émigré, Dr. Zoubok might be accused by the Soviets of having distorted Grigorenko's meaning order to cover any signs of ill near. We arranged for three I other Russian-speaking per ! son to be present at the | Cocaminacions or to review the tapes. In the end, all of them i found Dr. Zoubok's transla tions fully reliable. Grigoreako said that be al- ways understood the possible consequences of his actions. In and Findings forming his Union for the Ro vival of Leninism, for exam- ple, he said that he had fully PSYCHIATRIST: "Why did you do that, then, if you sometimes quiet and subdued thought you might be shot?" during our interviews, he oftea GRICORENKO: "It was be displayed considerable inter. cause I couldn't acquiesce to est and animation. That was the regime. I mew that I particularly true when he would not achieve anything by spolu about his political ideas organizing (the union), that it and the change they had a vould be discovered very der pone over the years and soon. But I thought that that also, when he remetabored would awakes a moral feeling previously forgotten events in other people. ... Soviet psy. with special clarity, pain or chiatrists considered this to be satisfaction. He was able, in the main evidence for my response to direct questions, to mental disease, the fact that I recount aspects of his history anterod into activity sise, that they're wrong." his motivacions for continuing Someo always about the routs, ontumapha Tota (Soviet) and iro gowe should don erated by people, but ppe that everyoon rted againk it. There always have to be people to startwiche Soviet paychtacry. could the others vill follow. And be cimetrued under particular those who start, regardless of circumstance, a symptoms whether or not they are talent or stron of certain paychiatric ed, or have special abilities condidan they become a slogan, a ban continue in the fraud of not PSYCHIATRIST: "Why GRIGORENKO: "No, this is not true. It's just that I be came known. I was just lucky that I became known, mostly u a result of the campaign in my defense (organized by his wite). There are many who did more than I did, but no one lonows about them." PSYCHIATRIST: "Did God put it in their souls. 100?" GRIGORENKO: "I think so. I think that Providence plays a greater role in the lives of peo ple then we think." PSYCHIATRIST: DO you think that you have some kind of special relationship with God?" GRIGORENKO: "NU. Even though I firmly believe that God exists in the world, and that there is some Supreme Renson, I untortunately cannot absorb myself fully in prayer.... La exploring Grigorenko's way of relating to others and interpreting their behavior, we rent especially interested in the possibility that, like a paranoid individual, he might beve tended to see all actions talona aguing him as part of ploc designed to Finally, we nied to clarify the ques tion of arteriosclerode brada disease. It appears that in 1977 Grigorenko experienced a small stroke that affected vision in his right eye. In addition, in his physical examination, our consult. ant neurologist found evidence of ar. teriosclerosis of the right internal carotid artery. However, neither we nor our consultants, including our souropsychological consultant, found any evidence that the arteriosclerosis wa affecting Grigorenko's thinking. mood, behavior or character, or had domso in the past Conclusions pernacuta hin. Knowing that he was, in fact, followed by the K.G.B., and repeatedly investigated, we axpected, at the least, that he would stress those coperiences. We assumed he would sophasize the deviousness and vin dictiveness of the authorities in ar resting him, in hospitalizing him, in stripping him of his rank and his officer's pension. lastend, he frequently potated to the decency, sincerity, hoc asty and opens at some of his ad versaries, including members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Since the Soviet psychiatrists had cepanded at length on Grigorenko's personality characterbatas, stressing those that consistent with a diat sants of a partaid condition. We made special attempts at identifying such character des We nelped him, for cumple, about a controntadion he had had in 1960 arte ing from his master's dissertation. In iba first chapter, the desertation hand contained implied criticisms of the odlitary theranda making athon, who toremowth West responded their for evideo a typically paranoid bility to compro 2. He maswered that, atror a while, be hand agreed to odotho anideksom We found other evidence of Griga ronto's leability as well. During his thorsk bompitalization, for example, be revised his polldical ballets, rejecting the very same Lentaise nocions in whose name he had carried out his illegal desident acts and for whose wako bo had been arrested and boupi talteed. And w syuuumadcally sought other indications of any paranoid condition either now or in the past character istics, traits ar signs ranging from the Dont mild to the poor severa Our poychological consultant made a simi iar attempt Son, too, we ful. la revlowing our tests, interviews and other caminations, we could find navidence of mental illness in Griga realno, a conclusion contirmod inda pendently by the blometrics research wall of the New York State Psychiatnic Insttone on the basis of their standardized evaluation of our video maped interviews. Nor could we find vidence in Grignando's betery code statent with mental illness in the past. In particular, there is no evidence of ty nestal illness to the paranoid et sort. While there is evidence on the beasis of his tory and physical findings of arterto sclerodc disease, there is no sign that teles condicion has significantly com proented Grigoreakoo's intellectual or emocional capacities, or that it has in may way formed or determined bis bebavior or mood. (A special session as the crumtrations that led to those conclusion will be held Tuesday at the convention of the American Psy clacric Asociation in Chicago) In the roata, our teak in oantning Grigorenko was to look for signs of il What we found, instead. was a men - a man who, ironically, ra minded w in some ways of the patien in Soviet descripcions. But their ver. shom of Grigortaloo was consistently sheed For where they claimed ob ton, found perseveranc where thery ched cottons, we found racionality: Where they identified paychodc rcles, found committed devocion, and where they diar nood pathology, we found health. APPENDIX 2 REMARKS BY MAX KAMPELMAN, CHAIRMAN OF THE U.S. DELEGATION TO THE PLENARY SESSION OF THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE, IN MADRID, ENTITLED "PSYCHIATRIC ABUSE IN THE SOVIET UNION," FEBRUARY 24, 1982 Since we reconvened these meetings on February 9 many important words have been spoken here about the most recent of a continued pattem of Helsinki Accord violations, the violence against the people of Poland. It is important to recall, however, that the excesses that disturb us in Poland are not only the result of Soviet military and political pressure, they reflect a pattern of even greater repression in Soviet society. On Human Rights Day, in this Hall, the Soviet Delegate called our human rights concerns a "fuss being made over a bunch of dropouts"; he charged us with using "barefaced inventions" for the purpose of "damaging polemics." He obviously considers our expectation that the Soviet Union will observe its Helsinki commitments of 1975 to be an "undermining" of his country's "socio-political rights." The Polish people understand, as the Final Act clearly directs, that human rights have directly to co with the individual's right to live in liberty and with dignity. Those who would redefine this concept by referring to economic and social rights of "masses" are attempting to obscure the absence of human rights in their own societies. Large groupings of people consist of individuals. Where the integrity of the human being is not respected, there are no human rights for the many It is also noteworthy that those states who deny the human rights of the individual are unable to provide for his economic and social needs as well. Recent news reports illustrate again with dramatic impact the consequences for a society and its people where there is a lack of concern and sensitivity for individual human rights. Allow me, Mr. Chairman, to give one vivid illustration of the extremes to which a failing society will go to suppress criticism of its own deficiencies. In the Soviet Union, psychiatry, a healing science, has been perverted into an instrument of cruel political repression. Men and women, sane and exercising their rights as human beings under the Helsinki Final Act, have been, usually without trial, brutally condemned to the grotesque world of politically controlled psychiatric institution's, where they have been silenced through drugs and violated in a manner reminiscent of the Middle Ages. The logic of this travesty is cruel and simple: the authorities can commit a dissenter to a mental institution by administrative action. In the criminal commitment procedure, the defendant can be ruled "not accountable" and ordered by the court to receive compulsory psychiatric treatment, without the right to participate in his own defense or be present at his own trial. The trial itself is closed to the public. Psychiatric incarceration spares the authorities the embarrassment of staging full-scale trials of political dissidents; a person's views are discredited by calling them crazy. Indefinite sentences without the de facto right of appeal are then thrust upon those whose continued activity is a nuisance to the state. Once in an institution, the victim is administered powerful drugs with painful and debilitating side effects in order to induce recantation. Others on the outside are then dissuaded from exercising their rights by 'the threat of psychiatric institutionalization. No wonder this practice led the sixth World Congress of the World Psychiatric Association in 1977 unprecedentedly to single out the Soviet Union for condemnation! In recent weeks, as a result of yet new disclosures, the Royal College of Psychiatrists in England has voted to ask the world Psychiatric Association to expel the Soviet Union when it next meets in 1983. We are all here aware that the repression of human rights in the Soviet Union has increased in intensity--clearly an act of defiance and disdain for this meeting and the Helsinki pro As part of that repression, all of the founding members of the Working Commission for the Investigation of the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes have also been imprisoned or exiled. cess. Let us examine this abnormal phenomenon in human terms, using a few current examples: Dr. Anatoly Koryagin, a consulting psychiatrist with the Working Commission had examined numerous people confined for alleged psychiatric illness and found them to be normal, sane individuals. For such activity he was sentenced last June to seven years in strict regimen camp plus five years internal exile. In taking his moral stand, Dr. Koryagin knew that Dr. |