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overboard, and, just as they were beginning to be seriously alarmed at his long disappearance, he rose with his mistress from the water. This story is not deficient in that which all such stories should have to be perfectly delightful, a fortunate conclusion The party remained at the Fijis till the oppressor died, and then returned to Vavaoo, where they enjoyed a long and happy life. This is related as an authentic tradition.

LXXXII.

THOUGHTS ON EDUCATION.

1. AIR AND EXERCISE.

- London Quarterly Review.

SPECIAL attention should be given, both by parents and teach ers, to the physical development of the child. Pure air and free exercise are indispensable, and wherever either of these is withheld the consequences will be certain to extend themselves over the whole future life. The seeds of protracted and hopeless suffering have, in innumerable instances, been sown in the constitu tion of the child simply through ignorance of this great fundamental physical law; and the time has come when the united voices of these innocent victims should ascend, " trumpettongued," to the ears of every parent and every teacher in the land. "Give us free air and wholesome exercise; give us leave to develop our expanding energies in accordance with the laws of our being; give us full scope for the elastic and bounding impulses of our youthful blood!"

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9. "Some-some how do you call it in German? Some-" "Some?" repeated the hostess, mechanically. .-"Eh? yes; At this moment my eyes fell upon my album. "Wait," said I, "wait!" I then took my pencil, and, on a beautiful white leaf, drew, as carefully as I could, the precious vegetable which formed for the moment the object of my desires. I flattered myself that it approached as near to a resemblance as it is permitted for the work of man to reproduce the work of

nature.

10. All this while the hostess followed me with her eyes, displaying an intelligent curiosity that seemed to augur most favorably for my prospects. "Ah! ja, ja, ja (yes, yes, yes),"

LXXXIII.

COLUMBUS AND HIS DISCOVERY.

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1 IN the last quarter of the fifteenth century, an Italian mariner, a citizen of the little republic of Gen'oa, who had hitherto gained a livelihood as a pilot in the commercial service of different countries, made his appearance successively at various courts in the south and west of Europe, soliciting patronage and aid for a bold and novel91 project in navigation. The idea of reaching the East by a voyage around the African continentTM had begun to assume consistency; but the vastly more significant idea, that the earth is a globe, and capable of being circumnavigated, had by no means become incorporated into the general intelligence of the age.

2. And thus to reach the East by sailing in a western direction, this was a conception which no human being is known to have formed before Columbus, and which he proposed to the governments of Italy, of Spain, of Portugal, and of England, and

long time. OUR COMMON SCHOOLS.
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- Everett.

They give the keys of knowledge to the mass of the people I think it may with truth be said, that the branches of knowledge taught in our common schools, when taught in a finished, masterly manner, reading — in which I include the spelling of our language-a firm, sightly, legible hand-writing, and the elemental rules of arithmetic, are of greater value than all the rest which is taught at school. I am far from saying that nothing else can be taught at our district schools; but the young. person who brings these from school can himself, in his winter evenings, range over the entire field of useful knowledge. Our common schools are important in the same way as the common air, the common sunshine, the common rain,— invaluable for their commonness. They are the corner-stone of that municipal organization which is the characteristic feature of our social system; they are the fountain of that wide-spread intelligence, which, like a moral life, pervades the country. From the humblest vil lage school there may go forth a teacher who, like Newton," shall bind his temples with the stars of Orion's belt, with Herschel, light up his cell with the beams of before undiscov ered planets, with Franklin, grasp the lightning.

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4. ON PAMPERING THE BODY AT THE SOUL'S EXPENSE.- Everett. What, sir! feed a child's body, and let his soul hunger! pamper his limbs, and starve his faculties! What! plant the earth

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overboard, and, just as they were beginning to be seriously alarmed at his long disappearance, he rose with his mistress from the water. This story is not deficient in that which all such stories should have to be perfectly delightful, a fortunate conclusion The party remained at the Fijis till the oppressor died, and then returned to Vavaoo, where they enjoyed a long and happy life. This is related as an authentic tradition.

LXXXII.

THOUGHTS ON EDUCATION.

1. AIR AND EXERCISE.. - London Quarterly Review.

SPECIAL attention should be given, both by parents and teach ers, to the physical development of the child. Pure air and free exercise are indispensable, and wherever either of these is withheld the consequences will be certain to extend themselves over the whole future life. The seeds of protracted and hopeless suf fering ha

5. TRUE ESTIMATE OF THE TEACHER'S CALLING.—Channing.

One of the surest signs of the regeneration of society will be, the elevation of the art of teaching to the highest rank in the community. When a people shall learn that its greatest benefactors and most important members are men devoted to the liberal instruction of all its classes, to the work of raising to life its buried intellect, it will have opened to itself the path of true glory.

There is no office higher than that of a teacher of youth; for there is nothing on earth so precious as the mind, soul, character, of the child. No office should be regarded with greater respect. The first minds in the community should be encouraged to assume it. Parents should do all but impoverish themselves, to induce such to become the guardians and guides of their children. To this good all their show and luxury should be sacrificed.

Here they should be lavish, whilst they straiten themselves in everything else. They should wear the cheapest clothes, live on the plainest food, if they can in no other way secure to their families the best instruction. They should have no anxiety to accumulate property for their children, provided they can place them under influences which will awaken their faculties, inspire them with pure and high principles, and fit them to bear a manly, useful, and honorable part in the world. No language press the cruelty or folly of that economy, which, to leave a fortune to a child, starves his intellect, impoverishes his heart.

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LXXXIII.

COLUMBUS AND HIS DISCOVERY.

EI

1 IN the last quarter of the fifteenth century, an Italian mariner, a citizen of the little republic of Genoa, who had hitherto gained a livelihood as a pilot in the commercial service of different countries, made his appearance successively at various courts in the south and west of Europe, soliciting patronage and aid for a bold and novel1 project in navigation. The idea of reaching the East by a voyage around the African continent had begun to assume consistency; but the vastly more significant idea, that the earth is a globe, and capable of being circumnavigated, had by no means become incorporated into the general intelligence of the age.

2. And thus to reach the East by sailing in a western direction, this was a conception which no human being is known to have formed before Columbus, and which he proposed to the governments of Italy, of Spain, of Portugal, and of England, and for a long time without success. The state of science was not such as to enable men to discriminate between the improbable and the absurd. They looked upon Columbus as we did thirty years ago upon Captain Symmes. But the illustrious adventurer persevered. Sorrow and disappointment clouded his spirits, but did not shake his faith nor subdue his will. His well-instructed imagination had taken firm hold of the idea that the earth is a sphere.60

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3. What seemed to the multitude even of the educated of that day a doubtful and somewhat mystical theory,EI what appeared to the uninformed mass a monstrous paradox, contradicted by every step we take upon the broad flat earth which we daily tread beneath our feet, that great and fruitful truth revealed itself to the serene intelligence of Columbus as a practical fact, on which he was willing to stake all he had, — character and life. And it deserves ever to be borne in mind, as the most illustrious example of the connection of scien tific theory with great practical results, that the discovery of America, with all its momentous consequences to mankind, is owing to the distinct conception in the mind of Columbus of the single scientific proposition, the terraqueous earth is a sphere.

4. After years of fruitless and heart-sick solicitation, after offering in effect to this monarch and to that monarch the gift of a hemisphere, the great discoverer touches upon a partial success. He succeeds, not in enlisting the sympathy of his countrymen at Gen'oa and Venice for a brave brother-sailor; not in giving a new direction to the spirit of maritime adventure which had so

long prevailed in Portugal; not in stimulating the commercial thrift of Henry the Seventh, or the pious ambition of the Catho lic King. His sorrowful perseverance touched the heart of a noble princess, worthy the throne which she adorned. The New World, which was just escaping the subtle kingcraft of Ferdinand, was saved to Spain by the womanly compassion of Isabella.

5. It is truly melancholy, however, to contemplate the wretched equipment for which the most powerful princess in Christendom was ready to pledge her jewels. Three small vessels, one of which was without a deck, and no one of them probably exceeding the capacity of a pilot-boat, and even these impressed into the public service, composed the expedition fitted out under royal patronage, to realize that magnificent conception in which the creative mind of Columbus had planted the germs of a New World. No chapter of romance equals the interest of this expedition.

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6. The departure from Palos, where, a few years before, he had begged a morsel of bread and a cup of water for his wayworn child; his final farewell to the Old World at the Cana'ries; his entrance upon the trade-winds, which then for the first time filled a European sail; the portentous variation of the needle, never before observed; the fearful course westward and westward, day after day and night after night, over the unknown ocean; the mutinous and ill-appeased crew; at length the tokens of land; the cloud-banks on the western horizon; the logs of drift-wood; the fresh shrub floating with its leaves and berries; the flocks of land-birds; the shoals of fish that inhabit shallow water; the indescribable smell of the shore; the mysterious presentiment that ever goes before a great event; and, finally, on that ever-memorable night of the 12th of October, 1492, the moving light seen by the sleepless eye of the great discoverer himself from the deck of the Santa Maria, and in the morning the real, undoubted land, swelling up from the bosom of the deep, with its plains, and hills, and forests, and rocks, and streams, and strange new races of men, these are incidents in which the authentic history of the discovery of our continent excels the spēcious wonders of romance, as much as gold excels tinsel, or the sun in the heavens outshines the flickering taper.

EVERETT

LXXXIV. THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA.

1. As they proceeded, the indications of approaching and seemed to be more certain, and excited hope in proportion. The birds began to appear in flocks, making towards the south-west.

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