Dover and falls back upon the coast of Holland and threatens to engulf the whole country. These canals not only divide the interior country, serving the treble purpose of drains and fences-not only carry the produce from the farms into the rivers and the sea, but pass through the chief cities. It was very odd to see how they took the place of streets in Rot than in America. A single "sail," or fan, is often one hundred and twenty feet long, and the under part of the structures from which they wave their banner like wings are generally comfortable dwellings. So that it may be said, if the country Swiss live in their barns and next door to their stables, the country Hollanders live in their windmills. There are several thousand windmills in this country, the an-terdam and Amsterdam. Imagine Broad Street, nual cost of which is three millions of dollars. in Philadelphia, or Pennsylvania Avenue, in In fact, "the laws of nature seem to be re- Washington, with a sluggish stream running versed in Holland." The whole nation stands through the middle even to the curbs, and upon the most unstable foundation; and but the tall houses on both sides reflected in for the great dykes that surround it like mighty the water, and these again crossed by other fortresses, it would be swept back into the similar thoroughfares, with huge ships loading ocean from whence it came; and it is confidently and unloading at the very door steps, and you asserted that if human care were removed for have some idea of the business centers of these only six months, the waves would regain their Dutch cities. Now and then, when a solid ancient dominion. Most of the whole country causeway traverses the line a beautiful bridge lies far below the level of the sea. The lowest relieves the perspective. The shouts of the part of it is twenty-four feet below high-water laborers and boat-hands, many of whom are womark, and when the tide is driven by the wind men, the bustle on the narrow footpaths, the it is thirty feet. "In no other country do the outlandish dresses and curious caps of the keels of the ships float above the chimneys, and peasant-girls, broad frilled and pinned close to nowhere else does the frog, croaking from among their faces with gilded jewelry, and the great the bulrushes, look down upon the swallow on wooden shoes of both sexes, young and old, the house-top." The mighty dykes erected to created a scene that looked more like fancy keep out the ever-threatening and encroaching than reality to my American eyes. Although billows, are marvels of human toil and skill; Holland labors under many great natural disadand as the rivers and inland lakes, nearly all vantages, her windmills save the cost of coal and of them direct tributaries to or estuaries of the steam engines, and her canals save the expense sea itself, are as dangerous as the ocean, the of horses. Instead of loading great wagons on expense and trouble are incessant and immense. the fields and hauling the crops away, boats of conThese dykes are built upon long piles driven siderable tonnage are pulled into the canals that far into the porous soil, forming the base upon divide and subdivide the plantations, then filled which rests a heavy substratum of clay-the with the ripe grain or ready hay, and thence whole foundation being from 120 to 150 feet in sailed to the nearest warehouse or country width; and the front is thatched with a kind of town for storage or sale. The cities of Holwicker-work of interwoven willow twigs; the land which it has been my good fortune to see, interstices filled with puddled clay to render it the Hague, Rotterdam, and Amsterdam, are compact, while the base is often neatly faced prosperous and full of attractions. The Hague, with masonry. A fine road runs along the top, at which I am now writing (three miles from and rows of trees give it a picturesque effect. the German Ocean), where the King resides, These indispensable barriers are terribly expen-is one of the best built cities in Europe. Its sive, and impose a heavy tax on the people. The streets are wide, well-paved, and scrupulously sum annually expended to keep them in repair clean, its public buildings imposing, and the pri and to regulate the level of the water, to prevent vate houses of its wealthy citizens, many of them the cities and farms from being submerged, is of brick, very like the best style of residences in three millions of dollars-a burden not to be en-old Pennsylvania towns like Lancaster, York, vied when we reflect that it is collected from a Reading, Easton, and Harrisburg. The seapopulation not larger than that of Pennsylvania, side resort of Schevingen, fifteen minutes ride and is only a portion of the price they pay for from the city, is a favorite rendezvous of the the mere privilege of living. It excites novel Dutch gentry, but has a hard, bare, and insensations to see three millions of any human hospitable look. As I stood on the beach and beings living, as it were, under the water, and watched the beer drinkers at their little tables, only protected from inundation by their own un- and listened to the band in a wooden pagoda, sleeping vigilance. Watchmen are stationed I thought of the happier crowds at Cape May, along these lines of artificial defence against Newport, Long Branch, Atlantic City, and other the assailing sea during the winter season, when ocean cities in my own dear country. The ab"the broad ocean leans against the land," and sence of vegetation made the contrast stronger when the immense volume of water cannot find as I recollected the glorious verdure and splenready passage through the narrow channel at did country seats adjoining these resorts in America. Rotterdam is larger than the Hague, and ships of the largest class, laden with merchandise from foreign lands, pass into the very heart of the town. Amsterdam, the commercial capital, is eminently cosmopolitan, abounding in Dutch characteristics, yet trading with all parts of the world, and rewards the most careful observation. Its population is estimated at 260,000, and when you are told that this great city palaces, houses, factories, canals, sluices-is built upon piles, you will agree with Erasmus, who wrote after seeing it in the sixteenth century, that he had reached a place whose inhabitants, like crows, lived in the tops of the trees. In walking through the city, which contains more canals than streets, I was greatly impressed by the thrift and prosperity of the people; and as I saw its liquid avenues reflecting princely castles, gorgeous shops, theatres, mansions, and squares, it was almost impossible to realize that the foundation of all this solid grandeur was once the quivering floor of the "treacherous deep." J. W. F. "Except ye be converted and become as little children."-Pride and self-righteousness are no infant sins; and while every mountain must be brought down, every valley must be exaltedall low and despairing thoughts, so dishonorable to God, must be eradicated, that these low places, to carry on the metaphor, may be filled up with the "unsearchable riches of Christ."-Blunt. MONT CENIS SUMMIT RAILWAY. The progress of science, applied to the mechanic arts, is well illustrated in the fact that since the great railroad tunnel under Mont Cenis, between France and Italy, was begun, trains are able to climb up the steep grades of the Alps, to a height of twelve or thirteen thousand feet, and descend again on the other side with celerity and safety. Indeed, if the tunnel had not advanced so far already, it may be questioned whether it would now be undertaken at all. On the 21st of August this new road was formally opened. A locomotive and two carriages crossed the summit of Mont Cenis and went over the whole length of forty-eight miles, while the boring of the tunnel was going on underneath. The peculiarity of the system adopted is in placing a central double headed rail on its side, in the middle of the way, and about fourteen inches above the other rails. To match and grasp this, there are four horizontal driving wheels on the engine, under the control of the engine-driver. These can be made to grasp the central rail so as to apply the whole power of the engine in enabling the train to climb up or go down steep grades without slipping, especially as the cars also have four horizontal wheels and brakes upon the central rail. The grades are from one foot in thirty to one foot in twelve, and yet with a pressure of not more than eighty pounds to the square inch, clutching the rail the train moved up with the greatest apparent ease. The descent to Susa was by a series of the sharpest curves and steepest grades; the view through the clear air was magnificent, extending over the plains of Italy for thirty miles, and awakening the greatest enthusiasm as, by zig-zag lines, the travellers went up and then down these most thoroughly known of all the mountains of the world, which Hannibal, two thousand years ago, and Napoleon in modern times, made their fame in crossing. It should be remembered that this road was begun and carried through within quite a short time. It was regarded at first as a mere temporary line until the mountains should be pierced. It is the second triumph of engineering in carrying railroads over or through the Alps. In working the tunnel the drills are operated by condensed air, carried by iron pipes, which at the same time supplies fresh air to the workmen ; the air being coudensed by the falling water power on the sides of the Alps. That is one great application of science to art; while this central rail, clutched by horizontal wheels, although well known in this country twenty years ago, is now first applied on a great scale, and is a matter of great practical importance. It is not supposed this newly-opened line will ever be closed again, but passengers will probably be able to take their choice between a short run for seven miles underground, through the dark tunnel, and a ride for between forty and fifty miles amid the most magnificent scenery of the world. It is by no means clear, even, which route will be least exposed to dangers. There will always be danger from glaciers, thaws, and falling ice, snow and rocks upon the track outside, while the dangers from the falling in of the sides and top of the tunnel will give an unpleasant feeling to the underground route. But we have noticed this newly opened pathway among the mountains, and amid the clouds, from the conviction that it will be found of extensive interest among railroad men employed among those high grades we now have, and the higher ones to be encountered in crossing our own continent.-Public Ledger. MAN MADE TO WORK. Did God ever make a body which he encumbered with idle members? Never. What part, what member of this frame, moulded of clay, yet so fearfully and wonderfully made, does not work-was not made for working? The eye is made to see, the ear to hear, the tongue to speak, the legs to walk, the hands to grasp, the lungs to breathe, the brain to think, the busy heart-the first to live, the last to diea clock that needs no winding to beat, and, beating, sends its blood through all the throbbing FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER. arteries. Let all, or even some, of these members cease to work, I die instantly.-Dr. Guth rie. There is an old legend which says that the wild geese in their migrations, before they came to Mount Taurus, alighted, and each one took a pebble in its mouth, so that they would have to fly across without making a noise, that the eagles, which infested that region, might not hear and fall upon them and devour them. So should the Christian put a seal upon his lips, that he speak not foolishly and unadvisedly, lest he give the adversary an occasion to destroy him. THE HORSE-HIS MEMORY AND SAGACITY. An aged and venerable friend, residing in one of the cities on our Eastern seaboard, a gentleman of character and worth, once related to me the following anecdote of the horse, illustrating, in a remarkable manner, the sagacity and memory of this animal. At the close of the revolutionary war, when everything was unsettled and in disorder, an acquaintance residing on the Boston road, some thirty or forty miles from New York, lost a valuable young horse, stolen from his stable in the night. Great search and inquiry were made for him, but no tidings of him could be heard, and no trace of him could ever be discovered. "Do you reside in this part of the country?" "No, I reside in the Bay State, and am on my way to Philadelphia, on business. How far is it to New York ?" "Well, sir, I really regret to interrupt you, or put you to inconvenience, but I am constrained to say, I believe you have in your possession a horse that I must claim." The traveler looked with surprise and amazement, and replied: "What do you mean?" "I believe the horse you are on, in truth, beFive years ago, the past autumn, longs to me. a valuable young horse was stolen from my stable. Great search was made for him, but no tidings of him ever came to hand. In color, appearance and movement, it seems to me he was the exact counterpart of the horse you are on. It would be hardly possible, I think, for two to be so near alike. But my horse was an uncommonly intelligent, sagacious animal. And I will make a proposition to you that will place the matter in such a position that the result will be conclusive and satisfactory, I think, to both of us. We are now within a mile of my residence, When we arrive at my house, your which is on the road in the centre of the village before us. horse shall be tied to the east post in front of my door-the horse I am on to the west post. After standing a short time, the bridle of your horse shall be taken off, and if he does not go to a pair of bars on the west side of the house, and pass over, and go round to the east side of the barn, and pull out a pin, and open the middle stable door and enter, I will not claim If he does, I will furnish you conclusive him. evidence that he was bred by me, but never sold-that he was stolen from me just at the conclusion of the war; about the very time you say you purchased him." Almost six full years had now elapsed, and the recollection even, of the lost animal, had nearly faded from the mind. At this period a gentleman from the East, in the course of business, was travelling on horseback on this road, on his way to Philadelphia. When within four or five miles of a village on the road, the traveler was overtaken by a respectable looking gentleman on horseback, a resident of the village, Ri- The traveler assented to the trial. The horse returning home from a short business ride. was hitched to the post as proposed-stood a few ding along side by side they soon engaged in a pleasant desultory conversation. The gentle-minutes-the bridle was then taken off-he man was immediately struck with the appearance of the traveler's horse. And every glance of the eye cast toward him, seemed to excite an interest and curiosity to look at him again, and to revive a recollection of something he had seen before, and soon established in his mind the impression that for all the world he looked like the horse he had lost some six years ago. This soon became so irresistibly fixed in his mind, that he remarked to the traveler: "You have a fine horse." "Yes," he replied, "an exceedingly valuable and excellent animal." What is his age?" raised his head-pricked up his ears-looked up TEACH THE CHILDREN. The celebrated Gerson, although Chancellor "Well, I suppose him to be about ten or of the University of Paris, and the theological eleven years old.' "You did not raise him, then ?" leader of the reformatory councils of Pisa and Constance in the early part of the fifteenth cen "No; I purchased him of a stranger, a trav- tury, felt that he had a greater work to do. eler, nearly six years since." After taking a prominent part in all the leading questions of the age, he retired to a convent at Lyons, and found his chief delight in the instruction of little children, saying that it was with little children that the reformation of the church should commence. And on his death bed, he sent for the little ones that they might pray for him. EGGS BY WEIGHT. A dozen of eggs is a little more definite quantity than a dozen of potatoes, but still a very in definite quantity. A dozen of eggs from little, scrawny, ill-kept chickens, sell for the same price as a dozen from large, well-kept fowls, while the difference between them is as great as the disdisparity between the hens that laid them. Purchasers in the market take their chances for big and little, and each gets a fair average. But it is not so with producers, and here is where the injustice occurs. The man who raises choice fowls and keeps them in good condition, sells large, rich eggs for the same price per dozen that is paid for others one-third smaller. This operates as a discouragement to raising good hens, and as a premium on poor ones. A writer in the Canada Furmer insists that eggs should be sold by the pound, as well as meat and butter, and gives the difference in the average weight of a dozen of eggs from different breeds of fowls, as follows: Common fowls, Spanish, Gray Dorking, 1 lb 6 oz. Oz. oz. oz. Gray Dorking and Brahma 1 b 14 Gray Dorking and Cochin 1 lb 15 These are the differences in the average weight from different breeds. Should we com pare the poorest specimens of the poorest breeds with the best specimens of the best, we would find a difference of fully one-half, and yet all are sold at the same price. We buy and sell nothing at so loose an adjustment of quantity to price as eggs, except when we buy wood by the load. Even apples and peaches, when sold by number, have the price adjusted to the size. But big or little, an egg is an egg.- Wisconsin Farmer. ITEMS. the future industry of California. Silk worms have It IN NEW YORK, an experiment was recently made near the barbor with a new electric light, with city with a single lamp more completely than the gas companies do. The light on exhibition last evening was so bright as to be painful to the naked eye, and cast bright gleams all over the bay. which the inventor claims to be able to light up the QUANTITY OF HEAT EMITTED BY THE SUN.-Badan the greatest living physicists in this direction, as folsums the results of experiments made by some of lows:-The heat of the sun that reaches the earth would be sufficient, if evenly distributed, and if there were neither clouds nor atmosphere to intercept part of it, to melt in a year a coat of ice of 30 metres (nearly a hundred feet) in thickness. The mechanical calculation of this force is expressed in kilogrammetres; that is to say, the force necessary to lift a weight of kilogram (over 2 lbs.) to a height of one metre or about 39 inches. The supply of heat from the sun in one minute, if it could be used for making steam, and that steam could be made to work without loss of power, would raise to the height of one metre a weight of 900,000,000,000,000,000 kilograms; that is, the number 9, followed by seventeen naughts. As only a small portion of the heat emitted by the sun reaches us, to get the value in work of the whole of the heat emitted, the above enormous figure must be multiplied by two thousand millions. It becomes, then, 1,800,000,000000,000,000,000,000,000, or, 18, followed by twentysix naughts. THE GREATER PART of the ice used on the Pacific coast is obtained from an ice cave in the northern part of Oregon. This cave is said to furnish a never failing supply. The ice remains in a perfect condition throughout the entire year, and the cave is situated on a stream known as the White Salmon, which empties into the Columbia River, on the Washington Territory side. The entrance to this icy chamber is near the base of Mount Adams, which stands twenty miles from the Columbia, and whose melting snows constitute the waters of the White Salmon. The dimensions of this cave are vast, extending many miles under the snowy mountain, and A PIECE OF FLEXIBLE STONE has lately been placed the scenery inside is grand. The ice is found in colon exhibition at a geological institution at South-umns formed by water falling from above, and conampton, England. This stone is two feet long, seven inches wide, and more than one inch in thickness, having the appearance of rough sandstone, which bends with a slight pressure like a piece of India rubber, This interesting piece of geology has been placed in a glass case constructed for it, fitted with a lever, by touching the key of which on the outside of the case the flexibility of the stone is shown. It was obtained from Delhi, India. In its natural position the stone is said to run in thin layers in the soil in which it is found, bnt is so rare in India that it finds a place in the museums at Calcutta. There is a similar stone, but not so wide as the one under notice, in the British Museum, and another in the Museum of the School of Mines; but specimens are very rarely to be met with. Although the stone gealing as it falls. These columns are cut out in blocks and conveyed on pack animals to the Columbia River, and from thence are shipped to all the markets on the coast. IN THE SUCCESSFUL planting of orchards a great deal is said to depend upon the manner in which the trees are set out, and if, when taken up for this purpose, the trees were marked on the north side, so that when set in the ground again that side would be presented to the north, their natural position, a larger proportion, it is said, would live, as a violation of this law of nature is the cause of many transplanted trees dying. If the north side be exposed to the south the heat of the sun is too great for that side of the tree to bear, and, therefore, it dries up and decays. FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER. "TAKE FAST HOLD OF INSTRUCTION; LET HER NOT GO; KEEP HER; FOR SHE IS THY LIFE." VOL. XXIV. PHILADELPHIA, ELEVENTH MONTH 2, 1867. No. 35. EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY AN ASSOCIATION CONTENTS. Copy of a Letter written by Elizabeth Webb, to Anthony COMMUNICATIONS MUST BE ADDRESSED AND PAYMENTS Copy of a Letter from Job Scott MADE TO EMMOR COMLY, AGENT, Extract from John Jackson's Sermons.. At Publication Office, No. 144 North Seventh Street, A Few Words for Friends' Intelligencer. TERMS:-PAYABLE IN ADVANCE The Paper is issued every Seventh-day, at Three Dollars per annum. $2.50 for Clubs; or, four copies for $10. Agents for Clubs will be expected to pay for the entire Club. The Postage on this paper, paid in a ivance at the office where it is received, in any part of the United States, is 20 cents a year. AGENTS-Joseph S. Cohu, New York. Henry Haydock, Brooklyn, N. Y. Benj. Stratton, Richmond, Ind. William H. Churchman, Indianapolis, Ind. Copy of a Letter written by Elizabeth Webb, in 1712, to Anthony William Boehm, Chaplain to George, Prince of Denmark, with his An sicer. (Continued from page 531.) When I was about 15 years old, it pleased God to send the spirit of grace and supplication into my heart, by which I prayed continually unto the Lord. As oft as my natural breath did come and go, there was a divine breathing in my soul; and my forms of prayer went from me, for I had no life in them, except that prayer which Jesus Christ taught his disciples. I have always had a reverent esteem for that, when I was in a state to pray. But I found that the spirit made intercession in me for me, according to the present wants and necessities of my soul; and I remember one expression that used to run through my mind very often was this: "Oh, Lord, preserve me in thy fear and in thy truth!" and, "Oh, Lord, show me thy way, and make known thy mind and will to me!" and I thought I was ready to answer it. I much desired to know the people of God, for my soul cried, "Oh, Lord, where dost thou, where dst thou feed thy flock? Why should I be as one that turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions?" Oh, the drawing cords of divine love! Thou didst draw my soul with longings and breathings after the knowledge of the only true God, and of Jesus Christ, &c. Then there was no condemnation; the sins of ignorance the Lord winked at. But then He True Christian Life. OBITUARY.. 545 547 548 549 551 551 552 553 554 554 556 557 ........ 558 560 560 560 called me to repentance, and to forsake my pride and vain company, which was a great cross to the will of the flesh; but I took it up for several months; and while I did so my soul many times the enjoyment of the divine love had great peace and divine comfort; so that was more to me than my natural food, or any outward thing. I remember when the family used to ask me why I did not come to meat; I used to think I had meat to eat, which they knew not of; and in those times of retirement I had manifestations of sufferings, that I should go through; and I had a sight of several things, which I have met with since. times, when I walked alone, I was convinced And in those that the Quaker principles were the truth; and that their ministry was the true ministry. But I dwelt then far from any of them; only thus. It had happened, when I was about 12 years old, I had been at a meeting or two, and the doctrine of one man that preached there proved (as the wise man terms it) upon the waters" to me, for it was found many "like bread cast days after. The sound of his voice seemed to be in my mind when I was alone; and some of his words, came fresh into my remembrance; and the voice of the words suited with the spirit, which, at that time, had the exercise of my mind; and I met with a little book of theirs, and the doctrine therein contained suited with the doctrine of the apostles; so, I was convinced in my mind; but I did not join with them then, for by that time flesh and |