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high thoughts, and lays the soul like white pa- | William Penn by the Indian Sachems as a per under God's pen.- Henry.

THE DEATH OF GRANVILLE JOHN PENN, ESQ. Granville John Penn, Esq., the great grand son of William Penn, the Proprietary of Pennsylvania, died in London on the 29th ult. Mr. Penn was the eldest surviving son of Granville Penn, Esq., of Stoke Pogis, who was the eldest son of Thomas Penn, one of the joint Proprietaries of Pennsylvania. Thomas Penn was the eldest son of William Penn, by his second wife, Hannah Callowhill. The only surviving descendant of the founder of the Commonwealth, who bears the name of Penn, is an unmarried brother of the late Granville John Penn, who was also a bachelor. There are several descendants of the founder, however, of other names, among whom may be mentioned Lord Northland, Lady Gomm, and the Penn Gaskill family, of this city.

There are also some descendants of Penn, of the name of Stewart, in England-children of William Stewart and Henrietta, daughter of Admiral Sir C. Pole. William Stuart was son of Archbishop Stuart and Sophia Margaret Penn, daughter of Richard Penn, joint Proprietary of Pennsylvania. The Stuarts have in their possession a massive gold chain, presented by the city of London to Admiral Sir Wm. Penn, father of Wm. Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. Mr. Granville John Penn inherited Stoke Pogis, a magnificent estate; but it was so incumbered, that he was obliged to sell it, and also to transfer his life-interest in the pension of £4,000 per annum, settled on the lineal representative of the founder in the male line, in consideration of the transfer of the Proprietary rights to the Crown—a transfer made shortly before the Revolution. When making the transfer, however, the Penns reserved the manors scattered through the State, and their private property in Philadelphia. The interests of the Proprietaries were represented here first by James Logan, afterwards by Samuel Coates, then by the late Gen. Thomas Cadwalader, and now by Gen. George Cadwalader. But of all their real estate, there remains only "Solitude," near the wire bridge at Fairmount, and a few ground rents.

Very many Pennsylvanians will remember the visits to this city and State paid by Mr. Granville John Penn, in 1851, and at a subsequent period. On the occasion of both visits, he received the attentions due him as the representative of the Founder of the State. On his first visit, he was formally received by the eity authorities in Independence Hall.

At the time of his second visit, he presented to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the belt of wampum, which is believed to be the identical article which was given to

pledge that they would faithfully observe the conditions of the treaty which the illustrious Quaker had made with them. This belt still remains in the custody of the Historical Society.

Granville John Penn was a thorough gentleman, a most amiable man, a warm and constant friend, a devout Christian, and an accomplished scholar. His father, Granville Penn, of Stoke Pogis, was the author of a life of Sir William Penn, a work on Mosaical Geology, a translation of the Testament under the title of "The New Covenant," and other works of some merit. Granville John Penn was unmarried. His surviving brother, who is also a bachelor, is in feeble health, so that the name of Penn, around which so many interesting associations linger in the heart of every Pennsylvanian, will probably soon be extinct.-Ev. Bulletin.

For Friends' Intelligencer. MORNING PRAYER. Father in Heaven, I ask thy aid,

To guide me through the coming day,
To bless me in the pathway made
For those who rest beneath thy shade,
And walk the narrow way.
Father, all hallowed be thy name;

Thy kingdom, may it be supreme;
Thy will be done, with all I claim,-
On earth as Heaven be it the same,—
Thy boundless Love my theme.
This day I ask for bread from thee,
To nourish into parer life,
So that thy glory I may see,
And thus from stains of earth be free,
And free from outward strife.
Father, forgive me for the wrong

I may have done to friend or foe, And grant my heart may yet be strong To yield in meekness to the throng

That strikes its worldly blow.

Oh lead me not where tempting snares
Can draw me from the light within;
Deliver me, when unawares
My erring footstep downward bears,
And treads the road to sin.

Father! I crave thy tender care

For those that near me stand; Oh! wilt thou listen to my prayer, That wife and children with me share All goodness from thy hand. 7th mo. 24th, 1866.

A DREAM OF SUMMER.
BY JOHN G. WHITTIER.

Bland as the morning breath of June
The southwest breezes play;
And, through its haze, the winter noon
Seems warm as summer's day.
The snow-plumed Angel of the North
Has dropped his icy spear;
Again the mossy earth looks forth,
Again the streams gush clear.

The fox his hill-side cell forsakes,

The muskrat leaves his nook,
The blue bird in the meadow brakes
Is singing with the brook.
"Bear up, O Mother Nature!" cry,
Bird, breeze, and streamlet free,
"Our winter voices prophesy
Of summer days to thee!"

So, in those winters of the soul,
By bitter blasts and drear,
O'erswept from memory's frozen pole,
Will sunny days appear.
Reviving Hope and Faith, they show
The soul its living powers,
And how beneath the winter's snow
Lie germs of summer flowers!

The Night is Mother of the Day,
The Winter of the Spring,
And ever upon old Decay

The greenest mosses cling.
Behind the cloud the starlight lurks,
Through showers the sunbeams fall;
For God, who loveth all His works,
Has left his Hope with all.

ON THE AGRICULTURAL ANT OF TEXAS. (Concluded from page 106.)

I have not observed that anything preys to any considerable extent upon this species of ant. Chickens and mocking birds will sometimes pick up a few of them, but not often. If anything else in Texas eats them, I have not noticed it. Neither have I observed their nests bored into or dug up in middle Texas.

The agricultural ant is of but little disadvantage to the farmer, however numerous, as it is never seen six inches from the ground, nor does it cut or trouble any growing vegetable outside of its pavement, except the seeds of the noxious weeds and grasses. Sometimes it is found stealing corn meal, broomcorn seeds, &c. ; but it is only when it finds them on the ground that it steals even these.

Children occasionally get on their pavement, and are badly stung. A few of these pavement lessons, however, generally obviate that inconvenience. The pain of their poison is more lasting, will swell and feel harder, than that of the honey bee. If they insert their stings on the feet or aukles of the child, the irritation will ascend to the glands of the inguinal region, producing tumors of a character quite painful, often exciting considerable fever in the general system; the irritation will last a day or two, but I have seen no permanent injury arising from it.

they are thus brought up, though they may have been in the water a day or more, they are all living, though half drowned and barely able to move. While in the well they are all afloat, and at least one-half of the mass submerged. As it is known that this species of ant cannot survive 15 minutes under water, how they manage when in a half-sunken mass to survive a day, or even longer, is a question to which I may fail to give a satisfactory solution. I may, however, from experiments I have made with single individuals, in water, venture the assertion that there is no possible chance for the submerged portion of the globular mass, if it remain in the same condition in relation to the water, to survive even half an hour. Then we are forced to the supposition that by some means or other the ball must be caused to revolve as it floats. The globular mass must be kept rolling, and make a revolution every four minutes, or the submerged portion must die. To accomplish this somewhat astonishing life-preserving process, there is but one possible alternative. It can be effected only by a united and properly directed systematic motion of the disengaged limbs of the outer tier of ants, occupying the submerged half of the globular mass.

I saw to-day (June 15), in a clean trodden path near my dwelling, quite a number of this species of ant engaged in deadly conflict. They were strewed along the path to the distance of 10 or 12 feet, fighting, most of them, in single combat. In some few cases, I noticed there would be two to one engaged, in all of which cases the struggle was soon ended. Their mode of warfare is decapitation, and in all cases where there were two to one engaged the work of cutting off the bead was soon accomplished. There were already a number of heads and headless ants laying around, and there were a greater number of single pairs of the insatiate warriors grappling each other by the throat on the battlefield, some of whom seemed to be already dead, still clinging together by their throats. Among the single pairs in the deadly strife there were no cases of decapitation. They mutually grappled each other by the throat, and there cling till death ends the conflict, but does not separate them. I do not think that in single combat they possess the power to dissever the head; but they can grip the neck so firmly as to stop circulation, and hold on until death ensues without their unlocking the jaws even then.

During protracted spells of dry weather, they are frequently found in great numbers in our wells. They seem to have gone there in The cause of this war was attributable to the pursuit of water, and not being able to get settlement of a young queen in close proximity back, to make the best of a bad condition-in (not more than 20 feet) of a very populous this unforseen dilemma-they will collect and community that had occupied that scope of tercling together in masses as large as an ordinary ritory for ten or twelve years. At first, and so teacup, in which condition they are frequently long as they operated under concealment, the caught and drawn up in the bucket. When old community did not molest them; but when

they threw off their mask, and commenced pav- Th extensive, clean, smooth roads that are ing their city, the older occupants of that dis- constructed by the agricultural ants are worthy trict of territory declared war against them and of being noticed. At this season of the year waged it to extermination. The war was de- their roads are plainest and in the best order, ' clared by the old settlers, and the object was because it is harvest time, and their whole force to drive out the new ones or exterminate them. is out collecting grain for winter supplies. I But the warriors of this species of ant are not to am just this moment from a survey of one of be driven. Where they select a location for a these roads, that I might be able to make an home, nothing but annihilation can get them exact and correct statement of it. It is over away. So, in the present case, the war con- a hundred yards in length, goes, through twenty tinued two days and nights, and resulted in the yards of thick weeds, underruns heavy beds of total extermination of the intruding colony. crop grass 60 yards, and then through the weeds From the vastly superior numbers of the older growing in the locks of a heavy rail fence 20 settlers, though many of them were slain during yards more; and throughout the whole extent the war, they nevertheless succeeded in destroy- it is very smooth and even, varying from a ing the entire colony, without any apparent straight line enough, perhaps, to lose 10 or 12 disturbance or unusual excitement about the yards of the distance in travelling to the outer great city. Their national works and govern- terminus. It is from 2 to 24 inches wide; in mental affairs went on in their ordinary course, some places, on account of insurmountable while the work of death was being accomplished obstructions, it separates into two or three by their resolute bands of triumphant warriors. trails of an inch in width, coming together They did not interrupt, in any way that I again after passing the obstruction. This is have discovered, the small black erratic ant, the main trunk, and it does not branch until it when it comes on their pavement. They even crosses the before named fence, beyond which permit the erratic ants to erect cities on any is a heavy bed of grain bearing weeds and part of their incorporated limits, and do not grasses. Their prospecting corps travel far out, molest them. It may be that the little fellows and when they discover rich districts of their serve them some purpose. But when they build proper food they report it, and a corps of foratoo many of their confederate cities on the pave-gers are immediately dispatched to collect and ment of the agricultural ant, it seems to be an bring it in. inconvenience to them some way, but they do not go to war with them, nor to rid themselves of the inconvenience by any forcible means. They, however, do get clear of them, and that by instituting a regular system of deceptive and vexatious obstructions. The deception is manifested in the fact that it appears to have Take the different forms of brain which we suddenly become necessary to raise the mound have among men and you will find the variety two or three inches higher, and also to widen a little more or less developed; pass from them the base considerably. Forthwith are seen to the monkeys and you will find this gradually swarming out on the pavement hosts of ants, receding, you will find that the cerebellum will who go rapidly to work, and bringing the little be uncovered very slowly, and then gradually black balls which are thrown up by the earth- more and more. In fact, you have a complete worms in great quantities everywhere in the series, which shows that between man and prairie soil, they heap them up, first at the base monkeys, and monkeys and quadrupeds, and of the mound, widening till all the near erratic quadrupeds and birds, and birds and reptiles, ant cities are covered up. At the same time they and reptiles and fishes, there is an uninterraise the entire pavement an inch or so, and in rupted gradation of more or less complicated prosecuting this part of the national work de- structures; but with this remarkable peculiarposit abundantly more balls upon and around ity, that the distances from one to the other are the ant cities than anywhere else. The little unequal, that there is not that even gradation ants bore upwards through the hard sun-dried or that even succession, that from one stage to balls, which are constantly accumulating-get- the other the distance or the difference should ting worse every hour-antil the obstruction has become so great that they can no longer keep their cities open; and, finding there is no remedy for the growing difficulty, they peacefully evacuate the premises. There is found on almost every pavement, at this season of the year, three or four pyramidal mounds, that have been constructed for the purpose of crowding out the little erratic ants.

From the N. Y. Tribune.

Extract from a Lecture delivered by PROF. AGASSIZ in Cooper Institute, New York, 2d mo. 26th, 1867, on the Monkeys and Native Inhabitants of South America.

be perfectly uniform. There is always more or less distance from one to the other, and not equal in measure, in steps from any lower to the next higher type. And now, in the order of succession of animals, we find something similar. Suppose I represent here the lowest level upon which any animal has existed upon the surface of our earth, and here mark the name of the geological formations as they have fol

FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER.

lowed one another [Illustrating on black-board.]] on through all ages, and that under the direct from the azoic period, through the Salurian age, influences of creative power most all the differthrough the Devonian and carboniferous age, ences which exist have been brought about. the Permian, the triassic, the jurassic, the cre- These are generalizations. Now let us see what taceous, eocene, the miocene, the pliocene and the facts are, whether the German transmutathe present period, and here I represent by this tion doctrine comes nearer to the fact, whether line the present surface of our earth, with all the English transmutation doctrine comes the varieties of animals living upon it, and here nearer, or whether the doctrine of special creawe have a compartment for the radiates, which tion comes nearer to the fact, and if the latter you may remember, constitute one of the great is the case, then I shall have proved my statetypes of the animal kingdom, and are divided ment that we are not the lineal descendants of into three classes-the polyps and jelly fishes, monkeys, but we are children of God. We are the star-fishes, sea urchins and the like. Here the chosen productions of an intellect; we are we have another compartment for the mollusks, made in his resemblance. I say these are inand among these mollusks we have also three terpretations. classes the bivalve shells, the univalve shells, and the chamber shells, for we have here another compartment for the aritculates, and we divide them into three classes: also the worms, the crustacea, and the insects; and here we have the last compartment for the vertebrates, which also comprise three classes. The fishes, and they are subdivided into several classes, which I need not notice now; the reptiles with their subdivisions, the birds, and the mammalia. Now we will inquire when were these animals called into existence. transmutation doctrine assumes that animals Mark that the are derived from one another, and that there is a primitive cell formed from which all animals may have been evolved. The doctrine is that all vertebrates are descended from one primitive vertebrate, that all articulates are descended from one primitive mollusks are articulate, that all derived from mollusk, that all radiates are derived from one one primitive primitive radiate, and that those four primitive types are derived themselves from the primitive cell formed by the combination of those fortuitous elements which are acting wherever light, moisture and matter are brought in contact with one another. It is the doctrine professed by Moleschott, by Carl Vogt, by Buchner, by Czolbe, and by all those who have advocated the transmutation doctrine, on the ground that everything which exists has started spontaneously from the formation of a primitive cell under the influence of light acting upon matter. Moleschott's paper on the action of light upon matter in organizing beings is one of the most striking productions of that school. Darwin and the English defenders of the transmutation doctrine present it in a somewhat different light. They assume that the first impulse was given by an intellectual power, and that this impulse has resulted in an unfolding, in an evolution out of the first germs created, of all that has followed. The doctrine which I support is that it is not only the few which were started in the beginning by a creative act, but the many, and that it was not at one time only that the creation was limited, but that the creation has gone

and ascertain how close they come to the transLet us see to the facts once more, lation I have presented. Polyps have existed from the beginning. They are found in the geological formations, they are found through all geological formations, and they exist now. Acalephs have been found in the oldest geological formations through all geological formatious, and they exist now; echinoderms have been found in the oldest and through all geological formations, and they exist now. three classes of radiates represented from the So we have in Canada and described, which purports to be beginning. Lately a fossil has been discovered the first animal living on earth. be an animal is not even fully ascertained; there are controversies upon that point, and Whether it within the last few months discussions have arisen in learned societies whether this Aozone Canadensis was or was not the remains of a livthere have been observations which are so far ing being. I say, let us in such instances, when out of the path of all information obtained before, reject these observations until they are so clearly sustained that there can be no doubt about the fact. So I say, let the Aozone Canadensis out of consideration, until it is known that it was a living being, and until its structure is so far disclosed that some theory can be predicted concerning its affinities. mollusks we have bivalve shells existing from the oldest time to the present day; and uniAmong valve shells and chambered cells existing from the oldest time to the present day. Among worms we have those with solid covering up to the present day; and among crustacea we have them from the oldest time. Among insects the first we find belong to the carboniferous period, and not before. Then among vertebrates we have, as I have shown you, fishes from the beginning, notwithstanding the objection to the statement I made before. Then we have reptiles from the carboniferous period. We have birds either from the Triassic or the Jurassic period-it is questionable which--and we have mammalia also from that period. You see then how many classes we had from the beginning, and how many of these were contemporaneous

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the same time he may record, if only for memory's sake, the doings of his early days by the side of the productions of his maturer years. It is just that which we read in nature. We have the earlier manifestations of creative power, and we have the later and higher productions. And we have by the side of these later productions, the reproduction, as it were, of what had been in the beginning. This is to be traced in the gasteropods, of which we find the lowest forms here at present. It is the case with cephalopods, of which the earliest forms are here now; and by their side are the nautili and all the variety of cephalopods belonging to our day.

So it is with the worms. So it is with the

insects, though that class begins only in the carboniferous period. The fact that the insects begin only in that age is another indication of the working of mind in this process. For during the earliest periods of the earth's history the whole of its surface was covered with water. There was no land, no terrestrial animals. But when vegetation began to be extensive, and especially terrestrial vegetation, we have the first indication of land animals in the production of insects.

with one another. Can it be said that animals | his gradual progress; and in the end may be
which were contemporaneous were descendants the evidence of his highest culture, which at
of one another, or that animals which appeared
together at the same time were derived one
from the other? Certainly not. It is not so.
We have at least so many beginnings as are
representatives of these different classes in the
earliest strata. But this is not all. The polyps
have existed from the beginning through all
ages; but the polyps of the earliest period are
among the lowest, while we have polyps of a
much higher grade living now. The acalephs
of the oldest times are among the lowest, while
we have acalephs of a much higher grade living
now. The echinoderms existing then were of
the lowest order, while we have echinoderms of
a higher grade now. So it seems as if all these
types had been improving; as if they had un-crustacea. So, I may say, it is also with the
dergone changes, and as if those changes had
led successively to something higher. S it
seems, but it is not so; because while we have
polyps now, which are superior to those which
formerly lived, we have by the side of them,
polyps which are as low as the earliest known.
The functions and structures at the present time
are the same as those existing at the earliest
epochs. The crinoids to day are as low as the ear-
liest known. Now, I would ask, what started these
simple forms into a desire, and gave them a
capacity to become something higher and to go
on becoming higher, and at the same time
what made them feel that they had done
enough in the direction of something higher?
What gaye them the power at the same time
to remain on the lower level? That is the
character of the facts as we have them. We
have certain lowest forms rising gradually
higher and higher, and we have the lowest
forms by the side of the higher at the same
time. So that we should have, according to
the transmutation doctrine, beings capable of
changing themselves, and at the same time re-
maining as they were; at the same time, influ-
ences which would produce a change, and which
would prevent a change from going on. I say
that is not logical, and that a doctrine which
has facts against it so glaring, is not a true in.
terpretation of nature. We have the same here
with the mollusks. We have the lingula, the
lowest bivalve shell known to this day, while we
have the brachiopods, the clams, the fresh
water muscles, of a higher type. What started
the lingula to change to these other forms, and

at the same time secured to it a condition
in which it should not change? I do not
know a physical force, and I do not know a
natural agency which is capable of producing
such results. But I know that mind can do it.
I know that when an author sets out to record
the processes of his mind he can do it at every
stage of perfection; he can do it in such a man-
ner that the records may be the evidence of

(To be continued.)

THE POWER OF A GROWING TREE.

Walton Hall had at one time its own cornmill, and when that inconvenient necessity no longer existed, the mill stone was laid in an orchard and forgotten. The diameter of this circular stone measured five feet and a half, while its depth averaged seven inches throughout; its

central hole had a diameter of eleven inches.

By mere accident, some bird or squirrel had dropped the fruit of the filbert tree through this hole on to the earth, and in 1812 the seedling channel. As its trunk gradually grew through was seen rising up through that unwonted the ponderous mass of stone was speculated this aperture and increased, its power to raise upon by many. Would the filbert tree die in the attempt? Would it burst the mill-stone, or would it lift it? In the end the little filbert tree lifted the mill-stone, and in 1863 wore it like a crinoline about its trunk, and Mr. Waterton used to sit upon it under the branching shade.-English Paper.

Let us live a life of delight in God, and love to think of Him as we do of one whom we love and value. Let the flowing in of every stream of comfort lead us to the fountain, and in every thing that is grateful to us, let us taste that the Lord is gracious. Let the drying up of every s ream of comfort lead us to the fountain, and

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