began his plans. In 1733 he took thirty-five families to America. They reached the mouth of the Savannah River, and selecting an attractive site, purchased it from the Indians and began the settlement of Savannah. Augusta was founded the next year, and another town, called Frederica, was built close to the Spanish line. Settlers continued to come over, and much interest was taken in the colony. SAVANNAH IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Among the persons who visited it in the early days of settlement were the famous Methodist ministers John and Charles Wesley and George Whitefield. John Wesley came as a missionary to the Indians, and the others established the beginnings of the Methodist faith in America. When Whitefield returned to England, he started a movement to build an orphanage in Georgia for the destitute waifs of England. He succeeded in collecting enough money to establish the institution, and thus he began in Georgia the first movement in America for this kind of humanitarian work. Like many of the other colonizing enterprises, Georgia grew slowly. The form of government was proprietary, and all powers were vested in the Proprietors. Slaveholding was prohibited, and a ban was placed upon the use of intoxicating liquors. These and other acts displeased the settlers and there was general opposition to the government. Oglethorpe was true to his word in regard to the Spaniards. In 1739, while England was at war with Spain, he gathered a force and attacked St. Augustine, the strongest Spanish settlement in northern Florida. He was unsuccessful, and the Spaniards shortly afterwards made an attack on Frederica. Although the English numbered but eight hundred men, while the Spanish had a fleet and a force of five thousand, yet Oglethorpe won a victory and severely repulsed the Spaniards. He then made another attack upon St. Augustine, but failed. From this time forward, however, the Spaniards ceased to make attacks upon the English colonies. In 1743 Oglethorpe returned to England, and for a time the colony suffered from political strife. Finally, the charter reverted to the crown, and Georgia became a royal province with larger privileges of self-government. Like Carolina, Georgia opened extensive plantations and extended the culture of rice, indigo, and tobacco. Negroes were introduced to aid in the development of agriculture, and Georgia took her place among the thriving colonies on the Atlantic seaboard. The English Explorations. TOPICAL OUTLINE I. Attitude of Henry VII. toward Discoveries. II. John and Sebastian Cabot, 1497-1498. III. Attempts to find a Northwest Passage to India : 3. Henry Hudson, Hudson River and Hudson Bay. IV. Conflict between England and Spain in the Sea. 2. Hawkins, Trade with the West Indies. 4. Grenville, English Commerce. V. English Attempts at Colonization. 1. Sir Humphrey Gilbert's Plans. 2. Raleigh's Attempts at Colonization. a. Amidas and Barlow, coast of North America. b. Roanoke Settlement. c. The Lost Colony. d. Raleigh's expedition to South America. 3. Gosnold's Attempts in New England. VI. London and Plymouth Companies. 1. The Charter of 1606. 2. Settlement of Virginia, Jamestown, 1607. 4. Governor Dale. 5. Governor Yeardley. 6. Prosperity of Virginia. 7. Wives for Settlers. 8. Indian Conflicts. 9. Virginia Becomes Royal Province. 10. Bacon's Rebellion. VII. The Carolinas. 1. Neglect of Land South of Virginia. 2. First Settlements. a. Albemarle Sound. b. Cape Fear River. c. Charlestown. 3. Locke's System of Government. 4. Religious Freedom. 5. Charleston Founded. 6. Trouble with Spanish Colonists. VIII. Georgia. 1. Oglethorpe. 2. Savannah Founded. REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Who were John and Sebastian Cabot? How did they plan to reach the Indies? 2. What prompted the English to take an interest in the New World? 3. Give an account of the work of the following: Martin Frobisher, John Davis, Henry Hudson, William Baffin. 4. What men aided in extending England's commerce? 5. How did Spain regard England's plans in the New World? 6. Who were Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh? 7. Give an account of the work of Sir Walter Raleigh in America. 8. Under what circumstances were the London and Plymouth Companies organized? 9. What was the extent of land granted to each Company? 10. Give an account of the settlement of Jamestown. II. What part did each of the following take in the early history of Virginia: Captain John Smith, Powhatan, Pocahontas, Thomas Dale, George Yeardley? 12. What were the causes of permanency in the Virginia settlement? 13. What was meant by Bacon's Rebellion? 14. Who undertook to develop the Carolinas? 15. What form of government was proposed for this district? 16. Was this a success? 17. What were some of the products of this region? 18. What movement prompted the settlement of Georgia? 19. What dangers assailed Georgia? How did Oglethorpe meet these troubles? 20. What famous ministers came to Georgia? REFERENCES Cheyney European Background of American History. Fiske: Old Virginia and Her Neighbors. Thwaites: The American Colonies. Selected Poems: The Revenge, by Tennyson. Drake, by Noyes. CHAPTER V NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Council for New England. After the failure of the Plymouth Colony on the coast of Maine in 1606, the Plymouth Company employed Captain John Smith to make a coast survey of their grant. Smith explored the coast in 1614, located the best harbors, noting places that would be suitable for settlement, and named the entire district New England. Shortly after this, the Plymouth Company was reorganized under the title of Council for New England. The district was divided among the members, but the Proprietors were not energetic in promoting the settlement of the country. The Puritans. At the time of colonial development in America, very serious changes were taking place in England. Among these changes was the rise of a strong religious party that was destined to develop new denominations and also promote more democratic ideas than were known in England in earlier times. The Puritans, as they were called, were dissenters from the Anglican Episcopal Church. They organized separate congregations and used a simpler form of worship than the established church. They adopted a strict code of discipline for themselves, advocated democratic ideas in regard to government, and fearlessly voiced their opinions. Oppressions of the Puritans. In the reign of King James many wealthy and influential people had joined the congregations of Puritans; and the king, fearing their influence in Parliament and other departments of the English government, revived many of the old acts that had been |