European conflict; and, furthermore, English and French interests in India were involved. Treaty of Peace, 1763. When the final treaty of peace was signed, the map of North America was completely changed. England received all of Canada and the adjacent islands, except two small fishing stations, and the land east of the Mississippi, except the isle of Orleans. Spain ceded Florida to England in exchange for Havana and the Philippine Islands, which had been taken by an English fleet during the war. France also ceded to Spain the entire Louisiana territory in compensation for services rendered and also in exchange for European property. Besides these changes, England received from France the latter's claim to trading posts in far-away India. This war cost France the loss of all her vast colonial possessions that had involved so many lives, so much expense and labor in developing; and England laid the foundations of her present world-wide empire. TOPICAL OUTLINE Struggle for Supremacy. I. Conflicts over Boundaries. 1. Fur Trade. 2. Fisheries. II. European Conflicts in America. 1. King William's War (English Succession), 1689-1697. 2. Queen Anne's War (Spanish Succession), 1702-1713. 3. King George's War (Austrian Succession), 1744-1748. 4. French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), 1754-1763. III. Treaty of 1763. IV. Result England Supreme in North America. REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What were the conditions in America that led to a conflict between the French and the English? 2. What territory did the French claim in the New World? 3. What territory did the English claim? 4. What territory did the Spanish claim? 5. What were the conditions in Europe that led to King William's War and to Queen Anne's? 6. Show how the overlapping claims of the French and English led to the French and Indian War. 7. Describe Washington's journey to the French fort on the Allegheny river. Was the mission successful? 8. What did Governor Dinwiddie decide to do? 9. Give an account of the first engagement between the French and English. 10. What was the plan of the Albany Congress? II. What was the British plan of campaign in the French and Indian War? 12. Describe the campaign against Fort Duquesne. 13. What happened to the Acadians during the French and English conflict? 14. Give an account of the capture of Quebec. 15. Give the date of the treaty of peace. change the map of North America? How did this treaty REFERENCES Fiske: New France and New England. MacDonald: Documentary Source Book of American History. CHAPTER VIII SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE REVOLUTION English Colonies now Secure. Between the founding of Jamestown, in 1607, and the treaty of Paris, in 1763, the thirteen English colonies had grown into sturdy settlements whose inhabitants took pride in their development and who now looked upon America as their permanent home. Number of Population. At the close of the French and Indian War there were upwards of a million people living in the colonies. Massachusetts had the largest number, having a population of perhaps 200,000; and Georgia, the youngest colony, had about 10,000. Kinds of Population. - All the population except the American Indians and the African negroes were Europeans or descendants of European ancestors. For the most part they were of English stock, although many other nationalities, as Scotch-Irish, Dutch, Swedes, Germans, and French, were represented. Few, if any, Italians or Spanish were found in the country and none of the Slavonian people had found their way into the New World. Hundreds of people had sought a refuge in America from religious and political persecution; so, very early the country was looked upon as the "land of freedom." Distribution of Population. Not only were there larger privileges regarding religion and politics, but there were many opportunities to secure independent homes and to make a wholesome living. The population by nationalities |